15133 research outputs found
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We Are Water Protectors
No full texthttps://digitalcommons.montclair.edu/iapc_picturebook_gallery/1031/thumbnail.jp
Auditing Evolution: A Data Analytics Approach (2nd Edition)
No full textBook not available for library use.https://digitalcommons.montclair.edu/all_books/1744/thumbnail.jp
Teacher Integrators: Exploring How and Why K-12 Teachers Integrate Boundaries and the Effects of Boundary Integration on Feelings of Self-determination
Get PDFUsing portraiture, I explored how and why four K-12 public school teachers integrated boundaries between home and work and how this integration supported and was supported by self-determination. After recruiting four teachers who engaged in high levels of integration, I created portraits of each participant. Next, I analyzed across portraits using SDT as a lens to understand the commonalities of teacher boundary integration and identified five cross-portrait themes: Doing What Works for You: Autonomy and Integration; Connection is Everything; Boundary-less Vision: Seeing in a Different Way; Teaching as Therapy and Service: Role Identity Salience with a Twist; and A Balancing Act: The Complexities of Integration. For these actors, integration was a manifestation of reflective practice and an exercise of autonomy, potentially satisfying the needs of relatedness and competence. Findings can be used to better understand the complexities of teacher integrators and inspire new research on teacher boundary integration and SDT and prompt methodological considerations for portraiture and boundary theory
Phonetic Convergence and Speech Intelligibility
Get PDFPrevious studies have indicated that phonetic convergence, in which a listener’s speech aligns with the speech of a talker they hear, can influence speech perception. The present study replicated and extended these findings by investigating whether phonetic convergence can facilitate speech intelligibility. A total of N = 140 participants, all aged 18 or older and native English speakers, completed a speech shadowing task, a speech intelligibility test, and perceptual similarity tests. This study examined whether individuals better understand their own speech compared to others’, whether shadowing improves speech intelligibility, and whether phonetic convergence is positively related to intelligibility. Results supported the self-speech advantage, with self-produced speech being significantly more intelligible than the speech produced by shadowers or other talkers. However, shadowing did not lead to a significant improvement in intelligibility from baseline to shadowed words, although a slight benefit was observed for shadowers familiar with the model talker’s voice. A negative relationship was observed between phonetic convergence and speech intelligibility, where greater convergence was associated with lower intelligibility. These findings indicate that the role of phonetic convergence may not be directly related to processes that enhance speech intelligibility
Who Falls for Online Misinformation: Examining the Cognitive Correlates of Vulnerability to Misinformation
Get PDFAs misinformation sweeps across the digital world, there is a need to better understand the psychological processes that underlie belief and susceptibility to online misinformation. The present study measured vulnerability to misinformation through a proxy construct of verifying online information. Using path modeling, we investigated how cognitive styles, as assessed by the Cognitive Reflection Test, predicted the extent individuals verify online information and content. The path model also investigated the mediating role of conspiracy mentality and pseudo-profound bullshit receptivity. Based on a U.S. sample of 194 adults, we found that the cognitive reflection test was positively related to verifying online information. Moreover, whereas a significant indirect effect was observed through the bullshit receptivity mediator, the indirect effect through conspiracy mentality was not significant. The conclusions and practical implications of the present results are discussed
Comparing Regression Methods to Interpretable Machine Learning in the Prediction of Infrequent Events in the Social and Psychological Sciences
Get PDFThe following study seeks to answer the question of whether traditional regression models and more complex machine learning models can predict rare and infrequent events in the social and psychological sciences. Part of the study sought to compare the performance of regression models to more complex models, in an effort to determine whether the use of more complex models (which are harder to interpret and configure) is even necessary. This study explored this question via two studies. The first, being a study on workplace misconduct, in which 363 participants in the United States were surveyed as to their workplace experiences and behaviors, including acts of misconduct personally performed (a frequency of approximately 4%). The second used found data from a major news outlet’s database detailing civilian fatalities from police use-of-force incidents (firearms), from 2015 to 2023, and was paired with publicly available survey data (collected by the Federal government) focused on local and state police agencies organizational practices. In this second study, models were built to attempt to predict agencies that demonstrated a high risk of shooting unarmed civilians by virtue of their organizational practices and attributes (an approximately 1.5% occurrence). In both studies, various models, including logistic regression, random forest, XGBoost, and Tabnet were run in different configurations on the binary prediction problems (attempting to predict workplace misconduct in Study 1 and high-risk police agencies in Study 2), in an effort to identify (and then compare) those models that demonstrated sufficient performance in accurately identifying these rare events. Both Study 1 and Study 2 ultimately revealed that less sophisticated models tended to outperform more complex models. However, it was also observed that no single model performed well in both training and final validation – raising a question as to whether the models can be relied upon by virtue of only their repeated performance during training or their performance on unseen data (but not both). The study highlights the inherent difficulty in predicting rare events in the social sciences, where it is difficult to find rare events that, as a phenomenon, have a completely unique and strong signal (in terms of correlational strength) that is also common to all the rare events. The dynamic nature of these rare events, as well as the difficulty of applying machine learning to extremely imbalanced data, contributes to the inherent difficulty of achieving complete success in this area of study
Integrating Library Support into Montclair State University\u27s Student Management System
Get PDFAlthough many universities have adopted student management systems (SMS) such as Navigate or Starfish to track and communicate with students about their academic progress, libraries have had little involvement with these platforms. This poster presents a case study of a Library’s integration as a referral point in Navigate. Faculty are now able to raise ad-hoc alerts that refer students to research support at the library. In addition to providing another avenue of research support, librarians are also able to keep faculty informed throughout the process, something not integrated into other systems of library support.
Objective 1: Observe a case study of a library that has been integrated into a student management system in order to assess the prospect of your library’s integration into similar systems.
Objective 2: Learn workflows for student management platform use in order to lessen their impact on librarians’ workloads.
Objective 3: Understand difficulties and librarians’ ethical concerns to integrating the library into a student management system
The Role that Zoo & Aquarium Professional Development Plays in Teacher Learning: A Qualitative Case Study Exploring Science Teacher Practice Through the Lens of Didactic Transposition
Get PDFThis study investigates the impact of professional development (PD) for science teachers within zoos and aquariums, focusing on how teachers translate their learning into classroom practice. This dissertation employs a case study approach to explore the qualitative nuances of the transformation of knowledge that teachers gain in zoo and aquarium PD into actionable practice in their teaching. Utilizing the Anthropological Theory of Didactics, particularly the concept of didactic transposition, the research examines how teachers select, adapt, and implement content and pedagogical strategies learned during PD into their teaching, with a specific focus on differences between primary and secondary educators. By identifying both enabling factors and barriers to implementation, this study aims to provide actionable insights for enhancing zoo and aquarium PD programs and fostering greater discourse on the value of informal science learning for teacher development
Thermal Biology of the Eastern Treehole Mosquito Aedes Triseriatus (Diptera: Culcidae) and Other Vertivorous Dipterans
Get PDFTemperature plays a critical role in mosquito life cycle, behavior, and other ecological interactions. My dissertation analyzed how temperature affects egg hatch rates of the eastern treehole mosquito (Aedes triseriatus) and how amino acid substitutions in TRPA1 correlated with host finding through thermotaxis and the convergent evolution of vertebrate feeding/utilizing in Dipterans. As ectotherms, embryonic development and egg hatch rates are directly influenced by the water temperature mosquito eggs are oviposited into. Ae. triseriatus eggs do not hatch all at once, to avoid potentially high larval mortality rates due to their non-static oviposition sites. They engage in staggered egg hatching, with a portion hatching after the eggs go through a series of drying and inundation. The results of my first chapter showed water temperature had a positive effect on the quantity of eggs that hatched in each round. When I compared egg hatch rates in two experimental treatments (20°C, 28°C) more eggs hatched in the first three rounds at 28°C than at 20°C. Additionally, at 20°C egg hatch rates were more uniform throughout rounds. Temperature also influences host finding behavior in Ae. triseriatus and other Dipterans. Discerning between host body temperature and environmental temperature is crucial for flies that require a blood meal or an endotherm to use as an oviposition site. TRPA1 is a gene correlated to host finding via thermotaxis in mosquitoes. In chapter three, I analyzed amino acid substitution differences in a specific region of the TRPA1 gene between vertebrate utilizing and non-vertebrate utilizing flies. I compared 103 fly families, 9 of which contained vertebrate utilizing species. Within family Culicidae I had a novel genome of Ae. triseriatus sequenced (results in chapter two) so that I could access its TRPA1 sequence. There were several positions of note, some with parallel substitutions found only in vertebrate utilizers
Parent-Child Concordance on Anxiety and Executive Functioning: Influences of Autistic Traits and Socioeconomic Status
No full textParent and child reports of psychosocial constructs often differ (e.g., anxiety, social functioning) suggesting that parent and children interpret behavior differently (Lerner et al., 2012, McMahon & Solomon, 2015). Autistic and non-autistic children report anxiety symptoms differently than parents (Kalvin et al., 2020), for executive functioning (EF), parent-child agreement can range from poor (Kenworthy et al., 2021) to moderate (Taylor et al., 2022). Socioeconomic status (SES) may influence parent/child agreement for EF and anxiety (Martel, 2013, Lindqvist Bagge et al., 2024). However, the influences of ASD traits (AT) and SES on parent-child agreement remains underexplored. Autistic and non-autistic youth ages 11-17 and their parents completed measures of anxiety (MASC-2; March, 2012 & ASC-ASD; Rodgers et al., 2016) and EF (BRIEF-2; Gioia et al,. 2015). AT was determined by ADOS-2 (Lord et al., 2012). SES was grouped on annual income. Fisher’s r-to-z transformations compared parent/child correlations of EF/anxiety, and moderation examined influences of AT and SES. Parent/child correlations did not differ for anxiety or EF and AT did not moderate parent-child agreement. SES significantly moderated parent and child anxiety scores for both the MASC-2 and the ASC-ASD (F(3, 32)=9.21, p\u3c .001; F(3, 32)=3.82, p=.02, respectively), with better agreement in higher SES. While parents and children generally agree on anxiety/EF challenges, SES may impact agreement on anxiety levels. Notably, AT does not appear to affect this concordance, highlighting the importance of contextual factors (SES) for understanding anxiety and may shape how anxiety is perceived/reported. This underscores the importance of multi-informant assessments