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Parameter estimation errors from post-Newtonian waveform choices
No full textIt is well known that the post-Newtonian (PN) waveform contains frequency-independent terms at 2.5PN order. These terms contain a free parameter that is degenerate with the overall phase constant. One can either make a choice for the free parameter (e.g., an arbitrary reference frequency) or absorb the terms into the phase constant. However, these terms also depend on other binary source parameters. The choice of how these 2.5PN terms are handled (absorbed or not) thus has the potential to affect the inferred source parameters of an inspiralling compact binary, including the masses and spins. We investigate this issue for a range of binaries, for both current and third-generation detectors, quantifying the effect via the potential bias and changes in the measurement precision. We emphasize that an interpretation of source parameters is crucially tied to the assumed waveform model, and even seemingly trivial choices in the waveform can affect the extracted parameter values
Effects of pre-habilitation on recovery time and strength retention in female athletes with ACL tears
No full textFemale athletes of all levels of sports are 2-8 times more likely to have an ACL related injury occur due to various physical and metabolic factors compared to their male counterparts. This study aims to identify if in athletes suffering from a complete ACL tear, does undergoing a preoperative strengthening program improve overall recovery time and strength retention compared to those who do not. This critical appraisal reviewed 5 studies, focusing solely on athletes with ACL tears while excluding data that included secondary knee injuries such as meniscal tears. The screening process included peer reviewed articles through the PubMed database while excluding randomized controlled trials. SORT evidence of quality assessment was used during screening. After thorough review of the screened articles, three were determined to be level 3 quality of evidence while the additional two were level 2. Participants included in this study are high school and college aged female athletes competing in any form of athletics. Rehab criteria included quadricep strength, balance, and maximal knee range of motion. While evidence shows that approximately 20% of individuals who have undergone preoperative strengthening have displayed a decrease in the overall recovery period while maintaining their pre-surgery strength levels; there is no significant difference in results at this time. Based on the information gathered, the recommendation is to conduct additional research as the quality of evidence is a “C” and can be improved upon
Prioritization and color effects on attentional flexibility in working memory
No full textThe focus of attention (FoA) is a limited resource within working memory (WM) that holds one piece of information in a highly accessible state. Recent evidence suggests the FoA can flexibly adjust to hold early, middle, or terminal memory representations in a highly active state with adequate motivation. This flexibility comes at a cost to recalling other items, supporting a resource trade-off model. When a high-reward item is present, the FoA can be redirected to flexibly adjust and select prioritized items, leading to improved performance. This has been termed the prioritization effect. This finding has been demonstrated across prior investigations that have consistently used the color red to indicate the high-reward stimulus. Research on color effects and selective attention have suggested that red may have an attentional advantage, which could be influencing memory performance through better encoding. The current study aims to test the effect of color on the prioritization effect by using a probe-recognition task and alternating the color of the to-be-prioritized item, thus attempting to rule out any possible color confounds. Four colors (red, green, blue, magenta) were used, and the color assigned to a higher point-value was randomized between subjects. Our results showed that response times between different prioritized colors were not significantly different. Regardless of color used, we found a resource trade-off between high and low reward items. This supports prior research for a flexible FoA and adds validity of the probe-recognition paradigm and robust nature of the prioritization effect
Racial/ethnic differences in college student openness to mental health apps
No full textDigital mental health apps have grown in popularity, yet little is known about how race and ethnicity influence openness to these tools. Prior research suggests that stigma, discrimination, or lack of culturally competent care may deter help-seeking in traditional settings, particularly among people of color. Digital mental health tools may help reduce these barriers by offering more accessible and anonymous support options. This study explores whether race/ethnicity and symptom severity predict openness to using mental health apps among college students. Participants were drawn from a larger study examining cultural factors and mental health symptoms among undergraduates at a public university in New Jersey. Participants completed validated measures of depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (SCARED), and alcohol use (AUDIT) and items assessing willingness to use mental health apps. Descriptive statistics and group comparisons were conducted using SPSS. Of the 827 participants, 37.2% identified as Non-Latinx White, 37.8% as Latinx, 12.8% as Non-Latinx Black, 7.9% as Non-Latinx Asian, and the rest as Multiracial, MENA, Native American, or “Other.” The sample was 80.8% female, with a mean age of 19.61 (SD = 2.03). Seventy-one percent of students reported being open to using a mental health app for mental health concerns. For the final presentation, we will examine differences in openness to using mental health apps between White and minoritized students. These findings may help inform culturally responsive digital interventions for underserved student populations
Assessing options for decarbonization and metal reduction in offshore wind turbines using life cycle analysis
No full textThe offshore wind (OSW) industry is projected to grow tenfold globally. New Jersey has set an ambitious goal of providing 11 GW from OSW by 2040. The move towards clean energy has been dubbed as a “shift from a fuel-intensive to a material-intensive energy system.” The renewable energy sector has driven demand for metals, including steel, REE and copper and studies have shown that producing OSW turbines can generate as much as 220 tons of CO2/ MW. This strain on the environment combats OSW sector\u27s ability to truly decarbonize the energy sector. The impact of the offshore wind industry can be measured using Life Cycle Analysis (LCA). Measuring and quantifying impacts helps turbine developers and manufacturers identify areas where sustainability targets can be improved. This study focuses on analyzing the impact on global warming potential and mineral resource scarcity of a planned offshore wind farm utilizing 15-MW turbines. Based on the study’s functional unit of 1 GW of electricity produced, results show estimations of 6980 kg CO2 eq emissions and 435 kg Cu eq impact to metal depletion. This ongoing work uses the above baseline model to compare alternative OSW technologies, including the following scenarios: 1) a decarbonized steel sector, 2) utilizing carbon fiber composite, and 3) replacing REE material. By identifying opportunities for improving the sustainable design of the components of an OSW turbine, this study can help direct production and manufacturing goals for future suppliers here in the US prior to mid-to long term deployment of OSW turbines
Predicting Cognitive Bias Susceptibility in Simulated Business Management Decisions: Exploring the Impact of Group Size, Process Accountability, and Member Experiences
No full textThis dissertation explored systematic susceptibility to four cognitive biases among individuals, dyads, triads, and tetrads in a series of tasks designed to simulate real-world business management scenarios. This included measuring representativeness bias, sunk costs, anchoring effects, and framing effects, each of which with historical and empirical prevalence in various managerial contexts. Using experimental data from undergraduate students, participants were prompted to act as surrogate members of a top management team simulation. Participants first completed each of the decision scenarios on their own and were subsequently brought together to collaborate and converge on a single decision preference on the same set of items. A follow-up survey probed participants’ experiences during the individual and collaboration phases. We also analyzed the influence of various individual-level characteristics (e.g., personality traits and decision styles) and team-level mediators and moderators (e.g., group size, process accountability, intragroup conflict, procedural rationality, and reflexivity). We also added text embeddings from a pre-trained large language model to quantify participants’ open-ended responses about their procedures during the decision task to examine if they added incremental validity to base regression models. We then tested a recently developed group aggregation framework to examine how the alignment within and across specific team member attributes differentially predicted bias susceptibility. This research was important in furthering the debate on group-level rationality, addressing whether teams can override cognitive tendencies often observed at the individual-level, and providing partial evidence of bias susceptibility in a naturalistic work context
Making the Invisible Visible: The Experiences of Black Women in Student Affairs at Hispanic-Serving Institutions
Get PDFBlack women have experienced instances of workplace discrimination in student affairs at Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSIs). This interpretive phenomenological study, guided by Black feminist thought, aimed to explore the lived experiences of Black women in student affairs within HSIs. This investigation found that some HSI systemic structures fostered racialized and gendered campus climates, contributing to Black women’s oppression through ageism, racism, tokenism, and sexism. Despite these challenges, Black women developed coping strategies to persist in their roles at HSIs. These strategies included minimizing their emotions, supportive spaces, and advocating for themselves. Sociopolitical forces also impacted Black women’s career advancement due to inequities in hiring practices, indicating a need for internal and external mentorship. Still, Black women advocated, supported, and contributed to their students’ welfare and success at their HSIs. This study provides insights and visibility on a broader understanding of the lived experiences of Black women in student affairs practices at HSIs for counselors, the professionals for student affairs, and leadership in higher education
Vovchyk
No full texthttps://digitalcommons.montclair.edu/iapc_thinkingstories_displacement_gallery/1005/thumbnail.jp
Safiyyah\u27s War
No full texthttps://digitalcommons.montclair.edu/iapc_thinkingstories_displacement_gallery/1011/thumbnail.jp
