15133 research outputs found
Sort by
Human-AI-Collaboration-For-Coding
Get PDFAI-generated code, while rapidly producing functional solutions, often falls short in aspects like comprehensive error handling, robust documentation, and optimal architectural design, areas where human expertise excels. Conversely, humans can greatly benefit from AI\u27s rapid code generation capabilities. This project proposes and evaluates A Framework to Improve Code Quality by Utilizing Generative AI Coding Along With Human-Written Code , designed to create a synergy between AI and human intelligence for enhanced software development. Conducted over four weeks, the research leverages BigCodeBench as its core dataset to rigorously investigate how human intervention can improve AI-generated code quality, identify the most effective human-AI collaboration patterns, and determine the optimal balance between human effort and quality improvement. The framework explores three distinct collaboration models: AI-First Refinement, where AI generates and humans refine; Human-Guided Generation, with human-defined structure and quality requirements; and Iterative Co-Creation, involving repetitive AI generation and human modification. Code quality is quantified using a comprehensive suite of automated static analysis metrics, including Cyclomatic Complexity, Lines of Code, and PEP 8 compliance, complemented by LLM-as-a-Judge evaluations assessing readability, maintainability, robustness, and efficiency. A key success criterion is achieving a ≥25% improvement in code quality metrics with \u3c 5 minutes of human input per task. Initial analyses suggest significant improvements in code robustness and maintainability through collaborative refinement. This thesis details the framework\u27s architecture, methodologies, and empirical results, contributing valuable insights into effective human-AI collaboration for superior code quality
Expedition 395 summary
Get PDFThe intersection between the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and Iceland hotspot provides a natural laboratory where the composition and dynamics of Earth\u27s upper mantle can be observed. Plume-ridge interaction drives variations in the melting regime, which result in a range of crustal types, including a series of V-shaped ridges (VSRs) and V-shaped troughs (VSTs) located south of Iceland. Mantle upwelling beneath Iceland dynamically supports regional bathymetry, and its variations may lead to changes in the height of oceanic gateways, which in turn control the flow of deep water on geologic timescales. Expeditions 384, 395C, and 395 recovered extensive successions of basaltic crust and thick (up to 1.3 km) overlying sediment cover, including successions through a number of contourite drifts of regional significance. Major, trace, and isotope geochemistry of basalts recovered during these expeditions will provide insight into spatial and temporal variations in mantle melting processes. Such analyses will provide data for testing the hypothesis that the Iceland plume thermally pulses on two timescales (5 10 and ∼30 Ma), leading to fundamental changes in crustal architecture. This idea will be tested against alternative hypotheses involving propagating rifts and buoyant mantle upwelling. The rapidly accumulated sediments of contourite drifts have the potential to yield exceptional millennial-scale paleoceanographic records, including proxies for current strength, which is thought to be modulated by the dynamic support of the Greenland-Scotland Ridge, an oceanic gateway of global import. The recovered sediments also provide a record of subarctic climate change stretching back to the latest Eocene, including the long-term evolution of the Greenland ice sheet, critical intervals of Miocene and Pliocene warmth, the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation, and Pleistocene millennial-scale variability. The objectives of Expeditions 395, 395C, and 384 are to explore the relationships between deep Earth processes, ocean circulation, and climate. These objectives were addressed by recovering sediment and basement cores from six sites, completed across three expeditions. Sites U1555 and U1563 are located at a VST/VSR pair nearest to the Reykjanes Ridge, on ∼2.8 and 5.2 My old crust, respectively. Sites U1554 and U1562 are located in Björn drift above a VST/VSR pair, on ∼12.4 and 14.2 My old crust, respectively. Site U1564 is located in Gardar drift above 32.4 My old oceanic crust that is devoid of V-shaped features. Finally, Site U1602 is located on the eastern Greenland margin above crust that is estimated to be Eocene in age and thus formed during the initial separation of Greenland from Scandinavia. Considered together, the sediments, basalts, and vast array of measurements collected during Expeditions 395, 395C, and 384 will provide a major advance in our understanding of mantle dynamics and the linked nature of Earth\u27s interior, oceans, and climate
Seeing Students for Part of Who They Are: High School Counselors\u27 Experiences Broaching
Get PDFBroaching is raising issues of race, ethnicity, and culture (REC) in the counseling setting. Day-Vines and colleagues (2007) introduced this skill that involves counselors bringing topics of identity into the counseling space intentionally. This phenomenological study, guided by intersectionality, aimed to explore the experiences of high school counselors broaching REC. This study provided a further understanding and definition of broaching. Five main themes emerged to describe their experiences: 1) What is Broaching? 2) Broaching Strategies, 3) Broaching with Students and Various Stakeholders, 4) Systems of Power Impact Broaching, and 5) Professional Trajectory, Training, and Counselor Identity Impact Broaching. The findings provided valuable information about broaching for practicing school counselors, counselor educators and supervisors, and areas for future research
QAnon affiliated accounts are making 64% fewer social media posts about human trafficking
Get PDFA joint social media study from Montclair State University faculty in the Joetta Di Bella and Fred C. Sautter III Center for Strategic Communication in the College of Communication and Media and the Global Center on Human Trafficking shows a 64% decrease in the total number of posts about human trafficking made by prominent QAnon affiliated and adjacent accounts when compared to the highpoint of such posts in 2023. Results from the study produced by the Center for Strategic Communication and the Global Center on Human Trafficking include a 64% decrease in human trafficking posts from significant QAnon affiliated accounts from 1/1/2025 to 7/20/2025 when compared to the same period in 2023 (the highest volume year of trafficking posts among online conservative voices), a 79% reduction in the total volume of human trafficking posts in the studied accounts between 2023 and 2025, no posts from the QAnon affiliated accounts studied related to proposed cuts to the State Department’s Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons (despite such content generating 29.5M potential views from other online sources), and a greater than 50% reduction in views of human trafficking posts for 2025 from all studied QAnon affiliated accounts, indicating potential diminished interest from their respective audiences
Ocean-Ice Sheet Interactions during Super-interglacial MIS 31: Comparison of Rock Magnetic Records from the Scotia Sea (59.1°S) and Fram Strait (76.5°N)
No full textThe mid-Pleistocene transition (MPT) was a period spanning ~1.2-0.7 Ma when glacial-interglacial cyclicity changed from 41 kyr obliquity paced to 100 kyr eccentricity paced cycles with increased glacial-interglacial contrast post-MPT. Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 31 was a “super-interglacial” within the MPT and occurred in the recent geological past (1.08-1.06 Ma). During MIS 31, the tectonic configuration resembled the present day, but Earth’s orbital parameters were marked by maximum values of eccentricity and obliquity while atmospheric CO2 remained at pre-industrial levels (below 280 ppm). MIS 31 therefore offers a valuable baseline for testing the impacts of modern anthropogenic CO2 levels combined with maximum values of solar insolation in climate models. This dissertation investigates MIS 31 in both the southern and northern polar regions using rock magnetic signatures of marine sediments from two International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) expeditions: Expedition 382 (Iceberg Alley, Scotia Sea) and Expedition 403 (Eastern Fram Strait). Grain-size-specific studies of Fe-oxide mineralogy, concentration, and magnetic grain size (Scotia Sea) yield information about glacial margin position and changes in sources of current-sorted material, while paleomagnetic studies (Fram Strait) yield improved magnetostratigraphic age control in order to identify MIS 31. In the Southern Hemisphere, Scotia Sea sediment assemblages reflect East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) influence during interglacials and West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) and/or Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet (APIS) input during glacials. Magnetic provenance data show declining WAIS/APIS detrital input starting in late MIS 32, while lower ice rafted debris concentrations across the MIS 32/31 deglaciation relative to other deglaciations suggest reduced calving, smaller ice sheets, more distant iceberg sources, or warmer ocean conditions. In the Scotia Sea, MIS 31 warmth began ~10,000 years earlier and persisted ~12,000 years longer than the boundaries defined by the Lisiecki and Raymo 2004 oxygen isotope stack (LR04) (1.081-1.062 Ma), as indicated by primary productivity proxies that suggest peak warmth occurred after 1.07 Ma and persisted to 1.048 Ma. Magnetic data point to a diminished WAIS/APIS and dynamic EAIS margins during MIS 31, consistent with WAIS/APIS collapse and EAIS retreat. WAIS/APIS advance resumed during glacial MIS 30. Dove Basin in the Scotia Sea is well situated to record variations in both the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) at its southern boundary and Weddell Sea Deep Water (WSDW) outflow. Bottom current changes across MIS 33-30 are evident in compositional shifts of current-sorted silt. Rock magnetic characteristics of bulk sediment and the silt-sized fraction combined with a Zr/Rb-derived current speed proxy indicate periods of dominance by each current/water mass. The ACC signal is pronounced in Dove Basin during interglacials, especially during late-stage super interglacial MIS 31, and absent during glacials. WSDW influence strengthens during glacial inceptions, and is absent when WAIS extent and sea ice production are minimal, such as during the MIS 32/31 deglaciation and the interglacial MIS 31. In the Arctic, IODP Expedition 403 sediments in the Fram Strait sediments exhibit a pervasive chemical remanent magnetization (CRM) carried by the authigenic ferrimagnetic mineral greigite. This complicates the detection of MIS-31 via the onset of the Jaramillo normal-polarity subchron at ~1.07 Ma. This study assesses the degree of remagnetization at Site U1623, Bellsund Drift, and refines the stratigraphic position of the Jaramillo onset in order to improve age control and establish the stratigraphic position of MIS 31. Findings also reveal that greigite is more pervasive than originally believed during Expedition 403, with greigite signatures documented in horizons with low magnetic susceptibility. By addressing key uncertainties in the magnetostratigraphic record, this work establishes a foundation for future investigations of interactions between the paleo Svalbard-Barents Sea Ice Sheet and the West Spitsbergen Current during MIS 31. Combining Fram Strait findings with the Scotia Sea data will enable investigations of interhemispheric phase relationships during the MPT and will contribute to our understanding of polar climate systems under varying climate conditions
Behavioral strategies and neural mechanisms underlying short-range navigation in teleost fish
Get PDFStudies of spatial cognition in teleosts have uncovered a remarkable array of behavioral strategies and neural mechanisms. While there is compelling evidence that short-range navigation in teleost fish is connected to the telencephalon, the rostral part of the forebrain, little is known about the telencephalic regions mediating this behavior. On the cellular level, several neuron types have been identified in specific regions of the telencephalon that respond to different aspects of the fish’s individual position within a given space. To comprehensively understand spatial representation in fish, we must bridge behavioral and neurophysiological studies. Here, we review the behavioral strategies used by teleost fish to navigate in the short range, and we discuss the current evidence for how the brain encodes short-range navigational strategies
Frozen-Core Analytical Gradients within the Adiabatic Connection Random-Phase Approximation from an Extended Lagrangian
No full textThe implementation of the frozen-core option in combination with the analytic gradient of the random-phase approximation (RPA) is reported based on a density functional theory reference determinant using resolution-of-the-identity techniques and an extended Lagrangian. The frozen-core option reduces the dimensionality of the matrices required for the RPA analytic gradient, thereby yielding a reduction in computational cost. A frozen core also reduces the size of the numerical frequency grid required for accurate treatment of the correlation contributions using Curtis-Clenshaw quadratures, leading to an additional speedup. Optimized geometries for closed-shell, main-group, and transition metal compounds, as well as open-shell transition metal complexes, show that the frozen-core method on average elongates bonds by at most a few picometers and changes bond angles by a few degrees. Vibrational frequencies and dipole moments also show modest shifts from the all-electron results, reinforcing the broad usefulness of the frozen-core method. Timings for linear alkanes, a novel extended metal atom chain and a palladacyclic complex show a speedup of 35-55% using a reduced grid size and the frozen-core option. Overall, our results demonstrate the utility of combining the frozen-core option with RPA to obtain accurate molecular properties, thereby further extending the range of application of the RPA method
The language of mechanical support in children: Is it sticking, hanging, or simply on ?
No full textHow do children learn the language-to-concept mappings within the domain of Mechanical Support - a spatial domain involving varied and complex force-dynamic relations between objects based on specific mechanisms (stickiness, clips, etc.)? We explore how four- and six-year-olds, and adults encode dynamic events and static configurations of Mechanical Support via attachment (picture put on a door). Participants viewed spatial configurations (Experiment 1 - in dynamic events or Experiment 2 - in static states) and were then prompted with the question, Can you tell me what my sister did with my toy? Children and adults used lexical verbs, and the visibility of the mechanism influenced the type of verb used. Also, whereas children preferentially used Orientation Verbs (e.g., hang ), adults preferentially used Verbs of Attaching (e.g., tape, stick ). Our findings shed light on how children acquire mechanical support language and the linguistic and cognitive constraints involved
Acceptability of a Telehealth Smoking Harm Reduction Intervention Using E-cigarettes Among Cigarette Smokers With Opioid Use Disorder: A Qualitative Analysis
No full textBackground:
Electronic cigarettes (EC) may serve as a potential smoking harm reduction tool by addressing both nicotine and behavioral dependence. This qualitative study reports the feasibility and acceptability of using EC and telehealth counseling among individuals in treatment programs for opioid use disorders (OUD) who smoke combustible cigarette, and was conducted as part of a randomized controlled trial. We report findings among participants in the EC arm. Methods:
Qualitative interviews were conducted from March to May 2021. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and de-identified. An inductive approach guided by the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability was used. We developed and refined a codebook through a collaborative iterative process and team discussions. Five analysts coded the transcripts using Quirkos, with independent double coding for each transcript to achieve consensus and ensure inter-coder reliability. In-depth thematic analysis was conducted via synthesizing relevant codes that were described and exemplified using representative quotes. Saturation was achieved when no additional codes emerged. Results:
Eleven participants randomized to EC were interviewed: average age = 55 years (range = 39-69), 88% were male, 41% non-Hispanic black, and 35% non-Hispanic white. Four main themes identified included inciting sense of accountability toward cigarette smoking reduction; acknowledging the value of telehealth counseling; noting positive attributes such as addressing craving, as well as challenges in utilizing EC such as the need to remember charging the EC; and finally, participants’ expression of the satisfaction with their perceived improvements in their health and other behavioral aspects. Conclusion:
The intervention combining telehealth counseling with EC was perceived as acceptable and helpful for reducing cigarette smoking, as well as resulting in other positive health benefits. ECs were easy to use and seemed to address craving; albeit with some challenges that can be addressed in future trials. EC combined with telehealth counseling carries great promise in smoking reduction among individuals with OUD