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Patient characteristics and growth outcomes among children with feeding difficulties
No full textPediatric feeding disorder (PFD) is defined as a disturbance in oral intake that is not age-appropriate, and is associated with medical, nutritional, feeding skill, and psychosocial dysfunction. This study will describe the patient characteristics of children who received treatment for feeding difficulties from the first intensive multidisciplinary hospital day program established in NJ and describe changes in growth outcomes after 12 weeks of treatment. A retrospective chart review was conducted on 18 patients from the Pediatric Feeding Intensive Program at Children\u27s Specialized Hospital, which focuses on assessing and treating feeding difficulties for children ages 0-21. Caregivers completed intake forms before treatment, including age, mealtime/feeding behavior, and medical history. Weight and height were measured by clinicians. Participants were 72% male with a mean age of 5±2.6 years. Autistic Spectrum Disorders were diagnosed in 72.2% of participants. The majority of participants experienced sensitivity to food textures (77.8%) and inappropriate mealtime behavior (e.g., tantrums or physical resistance; 77.8%). Half of the participants consumed mostly unhealthy foods and experienced difficulties with chewing high-textured foods. At baseline and 12 weeks, 61.1% and 55.6% of participants had a healthy BMI respectively. Post treatment, participants averaged 8.9% weight gain, 1.9% increase in height, and a BMI increase of 4.8%. Some patients with PFD may have a healthy growth trajectory, however, their diet increases the risk of nutrient deficiencies and poor diet quality. Dietitians can play an important role in improving the nutritional status of PFD patients
The role of emotion dysregulation in adaptive functioning associated with internalizing symptoms among neurodiverse youth
No full textAdaptive functioning (AF) refers to an individual’s ability to manage daily life demands and maintain personal independence.1 Emotion dysregulation(ED) is a key feature of several clinical disorders, can hinder self-care abilities, particularly in the presence of co-occurring mental health conditions, and is significantly elevated in autistic youth2 Given that ED may interfere with daily functioning, understanding how ED impacts AF could help identify intervention targets for neurodiverse youth. This project examines ED and AF in neurodiverse youth experiencing symptoms of internalizing disorders. Parents of thirteen youth aged 11 to 17 (M=11.46, SD=2.37; 57.1% female) reported on youth’s emotion dysregulation (EDI)2, adaptive behaviors (ABAS)3, and internalizing symptoms (CASI)4. ABAS was negatively correlated with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (r=-.68, p=.011), Major Depressive Episode (r=-.73, p=.005), and Persistent Depression (r=-.73, p=.023), but not Social Anxiety (r=-.11, p=.723). ABAS was negatively correlated with ED Reactivity (r=-.69, p=.009), but not ED Dysphoria (r=-.40, p=.173). Additional mediation analysis will be run prior to the date of the symposium to assess ED as a potential predictor between ED and internalizing disorders. Overall, higher severity of internalizing symptoms (except Social Anxiety) negatively relates to one’s AF, and poorer AF may be may be linked to trouble managing emotional reactions but not to overall feelings of sadness or distress. These findings suggest that interventions targeting emotional reactivity, rather than general distress, may be more effective in improving adaptive functioning in individuals with internalizing symptoms
Speaking out loud
No full textThis literature review examined the perception of second language (L2) sounds that lack equivalents in learners\u27 first languages (L1), highlighting its significance in applied linguistics. The analysis focused on key themes such as phonetic assimilation, phonotactic knowledge, and the influence of language experience on sound perception. Our analysis synthesized findings from 19 studies in both English and Brazilian Portuguese to create a comprehensive literature review, with special focus on phonetic assimilation and phonetic interference to reveal new observations about language interaction between the two languages. Research indicated L2 learners often map unfamiliar sounds onto existing L1 phonetic categories, leading to misperceptions and production errors. Research indicated that phonotactic knowledge plays a crucial role in learners\u27 ability to perceive and produce L2 sounds, particularly when encountering sound combinations that are illegal in their L1. Furthermore, extensive language experience was found to enhance learners\u27 discrimination of non-native sounds, underscoring the importance of targeted phonetic training in language curricula
A survey of medical coverage in the marching arts
No full textClinically Relevant Question: This research aims to identify how the marching arts’ access to medical coverage affects an individual’s success in the activity. Background: Medical coverage in the marching arts varies greatly between the levels that exist within the activity. Marching bands’ physical demands rival sports with a longer season and fewer resources. Methods: A survey was conducted to ask individuals about their experiences with their band’s medical staff and any injuries or conditions they may have dealt with. Participants were at least 18 years old and participated in any combination of band level: high school, collegiate, Drum Corps Associates or International, or indoor. Results: Responses will be analyzed for descriptive statistics, and open-ended responses will be analyzed qualitatively for themes of the band’s environment and the overall success in the members’ recovery. The expectations of this survey are a relatively even split between individuals who experienced marching limitations due to a condition or injury and those who did not. It is also expected to see a lack of medical coverage in the lower levels in comparison to the higher ones. Implications: The necessity of medical coverage in the marching arts is dependent on the level of the art. It is expected to see more injuries at the higher levels, with consistent and reliable coverage at every level. This research seeks to analyze previous experiences, not to answer decisively on the marching arts’ need for medical coverage
The illusion of preparedness: Unmasking Bangladesh\u27s university English teaching paradox
No full textThis study examines the preparedness of non-native English-speaking teachers who teach English proficiency courses in higher education institutions (HEIs) in Bangladesh. The research explores the interplay of linguistic proficiency, pedagogical training, and institutional dynamics in shaping teaching efficacy within an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context. Employing a quantitative survey methodology, data were collected from a sample of 30 Bengali-speaking teachers from 21 different institutions. In addition to survey questions on teachers’ self-rated teaching efficiency, encountered challenges in teaching, infrastructural limitations, and opportunities of teachers’ training (Faez & Valeo, 2012), participants also took the LexTale test (Lemhöfer & Broersma, 2012) to assess English proficiency. Data analysis is ongoing, but current findings demonstrate pervasive training deficiencies, significant pedagogical challenges—including resource constraints and large class sizes—and a compelling need for context-specific professional development. These results resonate with existing literature on EFL preparedness in resource-scarce settings, underscoring the urgency for systemic reform. By contributing novel insights into university EFL pedagogy in South Asia, this research offers a robust foundation for evidence-based policy and practice advancements in Bangladeshi HEIs and beyond
Electrochemical reduction of nitrate using carbon black supported iron catalysts
No full textNitrate (NO3-) is a well-known pollutant of groundwaters mainly because of its wide use in fertilizers, animal and industrial waste. It can also be found in lakes, rivers, and seas. High concentration of nitrate in drinking water can lead to many health issues. Its reduction in water sources is necessary to decrease the spread of disease. This study focuses on researching the materials that can catalyze nitrate reduction reaction by conversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas/ammonia through electrochemical reduction. Electrochemical method has attracted growing interest since it offers operational versatility and environmental sustainability. Due to these advantages, our study is going to focus on evaluating carbon black-supported iron (Fe) containing catalysts for the NO 3 - reduction. Through performing Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) in electrolyte 0.1M KOH (without KNO 3) and 0.1M KOH with 0.1M KNO 3, differences between current density in LSV are observed on the catalysts prepared. This work established the method of screening efficient catalysts for electrochemical reduction of nitrate
Wired for moderation: Toll-like receptors as regulators of alcohol-induced behaviors
No full textAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is a major health concern, affecting millions of Americans and ranking among the leading causes of preventable mortality. Despite its widespread impact, the underlying mechanisms driving excessive alcohol consumption and dependence remain under-researched. Emerging evidence suggests that neuro-immune crosstalk plays a pivotal role in modulating alcohol-induced behaviors, with inflammation and neurodegeneration serving as key pathological hallmarks. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a class of immuno-detectors traditionally associated with innate immunity, have recently garnered attention for their potential role in shaping neural responses to ethanol. In this study, we leveraged the genetically tractable model organism Caenorhabditis elegans to investigate the role of its sole TLR, TOL-1, in ethanol-induced toxicity, behavior, and learning. Our findings reveal that TOL-1 promotes survival during exposure to lethal doses, mitigates intoxication, promotes learned aversion, and curbs ethanol-seeking behavior after initial exposure. These results highlight TLRs as potential modulators of alcohol consumption and aversion, shedding light on neuroimmune mechanisms that may contribute to the etiology of alcohol use disorder. Understanding these interactions could pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies targeting immune signaling pathways to combat excessive alcohol intake
Navigating worlds: How children develop spatial skills in virtual reality and real life
No full textSpatial navigation, a crucial cognitive ability, helps individuals orient and maneuver through their surroundings using landmark, route, and survey knowledge. Studying these knowledge forms is essential to understanding children\u27s spatial navigation, a debated topic (Pullano & Foti, 2022; Kim & Bock, 2021). Virtual Reality (VR) helps study spatial navigation; however, its real-world (RL) comparability is debated due to limited sensory feedback (van der Ham et al., 2015; Dong et al., 2022). This study explored children’s spatial navigation abilities within and across RL and non-immersive VR. Sixty-one children (ages 6-10) completed counterbalanced spatial navigation tasks in RL and VR environments. After viewing three paths per environment, participants were tested on landmark, route, and survey knowledge. Pearson\u27s correlations and partial correlations (controlling for age and gender) assessed spatial knowledge associations within and across environments. Participants recalled more landmarks in RL (M = .44, SD = .19) than VR (M = .32, SD = .18). The point-to-start task was more accurate in RL (M = .53, SD = .24) than VR (M = .09, SD = .16). Route knowledge and the map recognition task performance was better in VR (M = .91, SD = .10; M = .25, SD = .44) than RL (M = .87, SD = .12; M = .20, SD = .40). Within RL, route knowledge correlated with the point-to-start task, r(60) = .41, p \u3c .001, but no significant associations emerged in VR. Across environments, the point-to-start task and landmark knowledge were correlated, r(59) = .58, p \u3c .001; r(59) = .60, p = .031. After controlling for gender and age, the point-to-start task showed no significant relationship between environments
Morphological variation in Gonionemus Vertens among latitudinal gradient of population
No full textThe sudden emergence, increasing abundance, and distinct sting characteristics of Gonionemus vertens (GV) have raised significant global concern, attracting the attention of researchers due to its unique origin, distribution patterns, and ecological impact. Notably, GV populations from the Northwestern Pacific exhibit heightened sting potency, like those found along the East Coast of the United States, suggesting possible environmental or genetic influences. To investigate further, this study uncovered intriguing morphological variations, particularly in the number of radial canals, which are traditionally number four in GV but were observed to vary between three and five. Samples collected from four states between 2016 and 2024 revealed that three-radial-canal variants were more prevalent overall, although five-radial-canal individuals were more common in Connecticut, indicating potential regional influences. Additionally, GV specimens with abnormal radial canals first appeared in New Jersey in 2018, peaked in 2020, and continued to be observed annually through 2024, suggesting a persistent but fluctuating trend. These findings prompt further exploration into the causes and implications of these morphological anomalies, including potential genetic mutations, environmental stressors, and climate-related factors, while also examining whether these variations influence GV’s stinging ability, adaptability, or reproductive success. By shedding light on the evolving morphology of GV, this research contributes to broader discussions on species adaptation, ecological shifts, and the potential consequences of environmental changes on marine biodiversity
Greta Thunberg
No full texthttps://digitalcommons.montclair.edu/iapc_nature_policy_gallery/1002/thumbnail.jp