Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS) (Journal of UniSZA - Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin)
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HELICOPTERS AS AN INSTRUMENT OF WAR DURING THE MALAYAN EMERGENCY 1948-1960
Get PDFHelicopter as an instrument of war in counter insurgency warfare in Malaysia had its origin during the Malayan emergency 1948-1960. Three helicopters, the Dragonfly, made an entry into Malaya in March 1950 at the request of the Commander-in-Chiefs Committee of the Far East Land Forces on 8 March 1949. The primary role of these helicopters then was for casualty evacuation of wounded troops sustained during operations against the communist terrorists (CTs). Their ability to operate from unprepared areas expanded their roles as an ideal platform for air mobility of troops, supplies, and search and rescue. The flexibility of transporting the troops made the CTs no longer invincible in their own safe havens. More importantly, the morale of the troops was kept high knowing that they would be evacuated fast for medical treatment in the event they were wounded. This article discusses the roles of helicopter during the Malayan emergency. Most of the references are records from the Royal Air Force (RAF), books, and online information. This paper highlights the contributions of helicopters towards the successful ending of the emergency. Keywords: Counter insurgency, Commander-in-Chief of Far East Land Forces, communist terrorists, Malayan emergency, Royal Air Force helicopter squadronsCite as: Sulaiman, N.I. (2017). Helicopters as an instrument of war during the Malayan emergency 1948-1960. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(2), 188-197. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol2iss2pp188-197
CABARAN DAN PENDEKATAN PENTERJEMAHAN INTRALINGUAL JAWI KEPADA RUMI UNDANG-UNDANG ADAT NEGERI KEDAH[CHALLENGES AND APPROACHES TO INTRALINGUAL TRANSLATION OF JAWI TO RUMI UNDANG-UNDANG ADAT NEGERI KEDAH]
Get PDFThe process of transferring the script of a text of the same language is a type of intralingual translation. The focus of this study was intralingual translation from Jawi into Rumi. This study aimed to examine problems faced by translators in translating old Malay manuscript from Jawi to Rumi and approaches used to oversee the problems. This study employed a descriptive approach by examining the text of Undang-Undang Adat Negeri Kedah as the research data. The finding shows that there are some problems in translating old Malay manuscripts which involve the overloaded use of Arabic language and dialect, blurry writing, the use of old version of Jawi scripts and difficult-to-understand words. To address the identified challenges, this study presents some suggestions appropriate to intralingual translation techniques. This study is expected to serve as a basic guideline to translators who engage in intralingual translation of the Jawi script to Rumi.Keywords: Intralingual translation, Jawi, Malay manuscript, Malay langauge, Undang-Undang Adat Negeri KedahCite as: Mansor, I. (2017). Cabaran dan pendekatan penterjemahan intralingual jawi kepada rumi Undang-undang Adat Negeri Kedah [Challenges and approaches to intralingual translation of jawi to rumi Undang-undang Adat Negeri Kedah]. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(2), 251-263. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol2iss2pp251-263 AbstrakProses mengubah bentuk tulisan sesebuah teks dalam bahasa yang sama merupakan salah satu bentuk terjemahan intralingual. Fokus kajian ini adalah terjemahan intralingual daripada Jawi kepada Rumi. Kajian ini bertujuan meneliti permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh penterjemah dalam mentransliterasi sebuah manuskrip Melayu lama daripada Jawi kepada Rumi dan pendekatan yang digunakan bagi mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif dengan meneliti teks Undang-Undang Adat Negari Kedah sebagai data kajian. Dapatan kajian mendapati terdapat beberapa permasalahan dalam mengalih tulisan manuskrip lama yang antaranya melibatkan penggunaan bahasa Arab dan dialek yang sarat, tulisan yang kabur, penggunaan tulisan Jawi lama serta perkataan yang sukar difahami. Bagi menangani cabaran tersebut, kajian ini mengemukakan beberapa cadangan yang berkaitan dengan teknik terjemahan intralingual yang sesuai digunakan. Kajian ini diharap dapat menjadi panduan asas kepada penterjemah yang menceburi bidang terjemahan intralingual daripada tulisan Jawi kepada Rumi. Kata Kunci : Bahasa Melayu, Jawi, manuskrip Melayu, terjemahan intralingual Undang-Undang Adat Negeri Kedah.
WENDELL BERRY: MEDIATING BETWEEN CULTURE AND NATURE
Get PDFWendell Berry who was born in 1945 is an American poet, novelist, environmental activist and a farmer. Berry worships nature and constantly resorts to it but not to retreat from society to a simple life of nature or to escape from social obligations. Rather, he emphasizes the need for a new view of nature that goes beyond the mystical treatment of nature. This paper aims to review Berry’s efforts as a poet to mediate culture and nature through his words. Berry emphasizes labour and the cultivation of land for he is in between the civilized and the wild. Berry argues that culture and nature cannot be separated, and his conviction of the close connection between poetry and farming can be understood accordingly. Berry made great efforts through his works to reform the relationship between civilization and the earth. Unless human society renews the vision of its relationship with the natural world, there will be little hope of substantial and permanent environmental reform. This paper is hoped to inspire other poets, especially Asian poets to promote similar ideology in their works.Keywords: Culture, meditation, nature, place, wildernessCite as: Al Jumaili, F.A.N. (2017). Wendell Berry: Mediating between culture and nature. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(2), 118-126. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol2iss2pp118-12
A PERSONAL NARRATIVE OF AN ENGLISH TEACHER IN JAPAN ON LANGUAGE, TACIT KNOWLEDGE AND LANGUAGE EDUCATION
Get PDFThis paper follows the path of my research into intuitions about language and linguistic knowledge as an English language teacher based in Australia in Japan. I describe how my curiosity about these intuitions grew out of an inability to reconcile the relevance of pedagogical research, applied linguistics, and linguistics with the day-to-day language tasks involved in English language teaching. This gravitated toward an interest in judgment about natural language and the revision of anomalous sentences created naturally or with the assistance of machine translation. I note that teachers and learners generally adopt an intuitive and pragmatic approach to text judgment, commentary about text and text reformulation. I hope to engage readers from other cultures and education backgrounds, so that we share our perspectives, experiences and assumptions about tacit knowledge or intuitions about language.Keywords: Tacit knowledge, implicit knowledge, procedural knowledge explicit knowledge, declarative knowledgeCite as: Wotley, D. (2017). A personal narrative of an English teacher in Japan on language, tacit knowledge and language education. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(2), 127-138. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol2iss2pp127-13
USING FACEBOOK FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING: THE DIFFERENCES AMONG GENDER AND ETHNICITY
Get PDFThis study investigates university students’ perceptions of using Facebook for English language learning based on gender and ethnicity. A survey was used for data collection, in which all 622 participants reported to having at least one Facebook account which they frequently accessed multiple times a day. The findings show that the students possessed positive attitudes, motivation, self-confidence in using Facebook to learn English language. They also reported to have acquired new English words and sentence structures from their engagement with Facebook. In terms of gender and ethnicity, it is the female students, and Indian respondents who illustrated highly positive perceptions of English language acquisition, motivation, attitudes, and self-confidence, when engaging with Facebook. The awareness of these differences may assist the creation of more suitable learning strategies especially with the integration of Facebook and other social media. Keywords: Facebook, English language learning, gender, ethnicity, attitudes, motivation, self-confidence, acquisitionCite as: Kasuma, S.A.A. (2017). Using Facebook for English language learning: The differences among gender and ethnicity. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(1), 177-193
CONSUMER PROTECTION IN ELECTRONIC CONTRACTS: THE CASE OF INDONESIA
Get PDFThis paper aims to provide insights into the consumer protection in e-commerce in Indonesian context. In 2015, ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) which includes Indonesia as a member, was established for a regional economic integration by reducing the transactions costs of trade, improving trade and business facilities, as well as enhancing the competitiveness of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises sector. AEC is expected to promote electronic transactions. Even though Indonesia has the Law Number 8 Year 1999 on Consumer Protection, this law does not regulate specifically on electronic transactions. In response to this limitation, Indonesia has issued the Law Number 11 Year 2008 on Information and Electronic Transactions and Government Regulation Number 82 Year 2012 on the Implementation of Systems and Electronic Transactions. This is followed by enactment of Law Number 7 Years 2014 on Trade, which regulates general domestic trade, foreign trade, border trade and commerce through the electronic system. The law aims to stem the flood of products imported into Indonesia so that the use of domestic products can be increased. This paper concludes that legislations which regulate consumer protection in electronic transactions are still inadequate thus Indonesia is not fully ready to deal with the consumer protection in e-commerce. Keywords: Electronic contracts, consumer protection, Indonesia, ASEAN Economic Community.Cite as: Agustin, E. & Kurniawan, F. (2017). Consumer protection in electronic contracts: The case of Indonesia. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(1), 159-169. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol2iss1pp159-16
SEXUALITY, CLASS AND FAMILY IN CHILDREN’S SHORT STORIES AFTER EDSA II
Get PDFThis study examines how nine children’s stories which won awards in the Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature in the English category portray and shape children’s view of themselves, their peers, family, community and the world. Using Marxism, Gender, Race and Ethnic Studies as its theoretical framework, the study reveals that the stories underscore the differences in gender roles, institutionalize the school and community as sites for learning and hegemony, contextualize decision making and ethnic identity and expose the vulnerability of women and children as reserved labor force. Furthermore, the child heroes are active participants in their respective social circles and are often enjoined to carry out adult responsibilities such as taking care of a sibling and saving a community. This paper concludes that children’s literature, specifically stories, have powerful influences in shaping the child’s conceptions of his or her sexuality, class consciousness and multiple roles as member of the family, community, and the state.Keywords: Children’s literature, family, gender roles, Post-Edsa II, sexualityCite as: Majul, M.A.M. (2017). Sexuality, class and family in children’s short stories after Edsa II. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(2), 15-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol2iss2pp15-2
KONFLIK SELATAN FILIPINA: ISU, CABARAN DAN PENYELESAIAN[CONFLICT IN THE SOUTHERN REGION OF THE PHILIPPINES: ISSUES, CHALLENGES, AND SOLUTIONS]
Get PDFThe conflict in the Southern Region of the Philippines has been going on for decades with no viable solution to be seen. This is due to the clash of interests, identities and aspirations between both parties. The opposition of the Moro people towards the political domination of the central government has its roots in the colonial times. Their aspirations towards rights of self -determination goes against the interests of the Philippines Government in defending the nation’s sovereignty, security and territorial integrity. The Bangsamoro’s claim to political autonomy and socio-economic development and the removal of discrimination against them is still yet to be properly addressed by the central government, thus reducing their trust in the central government’s sincerity in achieving a peaceful solution to the conflict. Agreements reached during the peace process were not properly implemented, thus adding pressure to both parties. Peace negotiations are also stunted due to the refusal of both parties to compromise on their stances. Should this conflict continue to drag on, both parties will face negative consequences, especially for the Bangsamoro. The way forward in achieving peace must ensure the survival of the Bangsamoro identity and culture, without being excluded from the Filipino national mould.Keywords: Bangsamoro, conflict of interests, identity, roots of conflict, Southern Region of the PhilippinesCite as: Harun, R. (2017). Konflik Selatan Filipina: Isu, cabaran dan penyelesaian [Conflict in the Southern Region of the Philippines: Issues, challenges, and solutions]. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(2), 66-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol2iss2pp66-78 AbstrakKonflik yang melanda selatan Filipina antara kerajaan pusat dengan wilayah selatan negara tersebut sejak berdekad lamanya masih gagal menemui sebarang titik penyelesaian disebabkan pertembungan kepentingan, identiti dan aspirasi yang berbeza kedua pihak. Penentangan orang-orang Moro terhadap dominasi kuasa politik kerajaan pusat berakar umbi sejak zaman kolonial lagi. Cita-cita Bangsamoro untuk mendapat hak menentukan masa depan sendiri sebagai sebuah komuniti bebas bertentangan dengan kepentingan dan hak kerajaan Filipina mempertahankan kedaulatan, keselamatan dan keutuhan wilayahnya. Dasar-dasar yang dilaksanakan oleh kerajaan untuk mengintegrasi Bangsamoro ke dalam acuan nasional Filipina mengancam kelangsungan identiti mereka. Tuntutan Bangsamoro untuk mendapatkan autonomi politik, pembangunan sosio-ekonomi serta penghapusan diskriminasi masih belum diberi layanan yang sewajarnya oleh kerajaan pusat. Ini secara tidak langsung menghakis kepercayaan Bangsamoro terhadap keikhlasan pihak kerajaan pusat mengenai proses damai dan kemampuan rundingan yang diadakan bagi mencapai penyelesaian secara aman. Segala persetujuan yang dicapai di sepanjang proses damai tidak dapat dilaksanakan dengan berkesan sekaligus menambah tekanan kepada kedua pihak. Rundingan damai juga menghadapi kebuntuan disebabkan keengganan berkompromi akan pendirian masing-masing. Hakikatnya jika konflik selatan Filipina ini berlanjutan, ia akan merugikan kedua pihak, terutamanya Bangsamoro. Halatuju penyelesaian perlu menjamin penerusan identiti dan budaya Bangsamoro sebagai satu golongan minoriti tanpa meminggirkan mereka dari acuan nasional Filipina.Kata Kunci: Bangsamoro, identiti, punca konflik, pertembungan kepentingan, Selatan Filipin
THE METACOGNITIVE AWARENESS OF READING STRATEGIES IN THAI EFL LEARNERS
Get PDFThis paper explores the metacognitive awareness of reading strategies and the use of reading strategies among Thai EFL learners. Fifteen female university students who are in their fourth-year undergraduate study of English at a Thai university participated in this study. The study used a mixed-method approach. The Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI) was used to investigate the participants’ metacognitive awareness involved in reading. Also, to insightfully assess and analyze the participants’ reading strategies while they were reading the academic texts, a think-aloud protocol was used. The findings reveal that the participants’ overall use of metacognitive awareness of reading strategies (Global, Problem-solving, and Support reading strategies) was at a high level (Mean = 2.85, S.D. = 0.31). Among 30 individual reading strategies, the most frequently used was underlining and circling (Mean = 3.60, S.D. = 0.74), which fall under Support Reading Strategy (SUP). On the other hand, it can be seen that the least frequently used reading strategy was asking self-questions (Mean = 1.93, S.D. = 0.70), under the category of SUP strategies. When considering the appropriate and effective use of metacognitive reading strategies in the think aloud protocol by the participants in successful reading comprehension, it is discovered that using background knowledge, previewing text, reading slowly and carefully, pausing to reflect on reading, taking notes while reading, and summarizing were frequently used the students.Keywords: EFL learners, metacognitive, reading strategies, think aloud, Thailand. Cite as: Chutichaiwirath, K. & Sitthitikul, P. (2017). The metacognitive awareness of reading strategies in Thai EFL learners. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(2), 1-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol2iss2pp1-1
THE FACTORS AFFECTING STUDENTS’ CHOICE IN STUDYING ENGLISH AT PRIVATE TUTORING SCHOOLS: A CASE OF THAI UPPER-SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Get PDFThis study explores the factors leading Thai upper-secondary school students to study English at tutoring school. The students’ perceptions of their EFL private tutors and mainstream school teachers are also a focus of this research. Drawing on statistical data from 80 upper-secondary school students, it shows that these students perceive EFL private tutors to be more effective in the provision of examination support, particularly regarding the university admission examination, compared with mainstream school teachers. Overall, these students have more positive attitudes towards their English tutors than their mainstream school teachers. They agree that tutors have higher English language proficiency and can make them understand the lesson better than their school teachers. The characteristic of the tutors and teaching techniques is considered a significant factor leading students to study English at tutoring schools, particularly the teaching techniques that allow them to do better on university examinations. These findings not only highlight the impact of private tutoring schools on language education systems, but also caution Thai educational policy makers and practitioners to further explore the pressure of the university admission examination on upper-secondary school students in the country.Keywords: Examination support, English language proficiency, private tutoring schools, teaching technique, Thailand.Cite as: Chan, C. & Mongkolhutthi, P. (2017). The factors affecting students’ choice in studying English at private tutoring schools: A case of Thai upper-secondary school students. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(2), 44-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol2iss2pp44-5