Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS) (Journal of UniSZA - Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin)
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FACTORS OF WORKPLACE STRESS AMONG FEMALE SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN OYO METROPOLIS, OYO STATE, NIGERIA
Get PDFBackground and Purpose: Workplace stress is a common phenomenon that hinders teacher productivity. Thus, this study investigated the factors responsible for workplace stress among female teachers in Oyo metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Methodology: A descriptive survey method was adopted. A total of 200 female secondary school teachers in Oyo metropolis represented the study's sample. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The instrument was validated by counselling and social work experts and possessed a reliability coefficient of 0.82 after being subjected to a test re-test. Data were analyzed using percentage, t-test, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at the 0.05 level of significance.
Findings: The findings revealed that the factors responsible for workplace stress among female secondary school teachers in Oyo metropolis include a poor work environment, lack of job security, student indiscipline, and irregular salary payments. Significant differences were found based on school type, educational qualification, teaching experience, and marital status.
Contributions: Workplace stress among female teachers in Oyo metropolis is negatively associated with ill-health. Poor work environment, lack of job security, indiscipline among students, and irregular payment of salary among others on the scale of measurement except under promotion with a mean score below 2.50 benchmark. It is recommended that counsellors should be mandated to counsel the female teachers in the Oyo metropolis on how to cope with workplace stress.
Keywords: Factors, Female Teachers, Oyo Metropolis, Stress, Workplace Stress
POLICY CHANGE IMPLEMENTATION: THE CASE OF THE CEFR IN MALAYSIAN ESL CLASSROOMS
Get PDFBackground and purpose: With rapid global development happening in the world today, the field of education has been awash with various change forces. In an effort to ensure its system is globally competitive, Malaysia has taken a step to align its English language education system to the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR). However, any change in policy is not without problems and challenges as studies have shown that challenges were inevitable and stakeholders’ buy-in on the new change is necessary. Hence, this study was undertaken to investigate the challenges faced by teachers in implementing the CEFR in Malaysian ESL classrooms, their belief on this new reform and their readiness to implement the CEFR.
Methodology: A mixed-method design was utilized with the use of questionnaire and semi structured interview as means for data collection. 365 English language teachers responded to the questionnaire while 15 English language teachers participated in interview sessions.
Findings: The data revealed five challenges namely teachers’ motivation, materials, time, students’ proficiency level and facilities. Despite facing multiple challenges, all teachers exhibited positive belief towards the adoption of the CEFR. The study also showed that although teachers were emotionally ready to accept the change, their cognitive readiness for change however is dependent upon three important facets namely time, collective effort and adequate materials.
Contributions: The study provides insights into the change in policy involving the CEFR implementation in the Malaysian English language education system which contributes to the scarce literature on the implementation of CEFR.
Keywords: Policy implementation, challenges in policy change, teachers’ belief, Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR), readiness for change
EMPOWERING CROSS-BORDER WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS VIA MOBILE ICT: FRAMEWORK FOR MALAYSIAN AND INDONESIAN WOMEN-LED MSMES
Get PDFWomen’s share in the business sector in Malaysia and Indonesia lags behind their male counterparts. However, information and communication technology (ICT) could serve as a game changer in empowering women startups and entrepreneurs. The acceptance and usage of Mobile ICT in business operations could empower more women-led Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to grow and fulfil customer needs and wants. However, there is a lack of established models to measure mobile ICT’s role in women MSMEs in these developing countries. Through the review of policy papers and relevant literature, this study presents a framework to assess the adoption of Mobile ICT in women-led MSMEs factoring cross-border networking. Building upon the Social Network Theory and the Technology Acceptance Model, this study presents a framework and discusses recommendations for further action to empower women-led MSMEs in both countries by leveraging cross-border networking capabilities between Indonesian and Malaysian women-led MSMEs. This study highlights the strength of international and cross-border networking among women startups and entrepreneurs where mentoring could happen to empower women startups and entrepreneurs.
Keywords: Mobile ICT usage, women empowerment, MSMEs development, workforce digitization, cross-border entrepreneurship, social network theory, startups
ORDINAL REGRESSION FOR MODELLING THE FAMILY WELL-BEING AMONG THE MALAYSIANS
Get PDFBackground and Purpose: Understanding factors which affect the level of family well-being is important as it contributes to effective decision making among the policymakers to improve the family lives as well as to strengthen the family institution. Accordingly, this line of research is gaining attention. This study develops an ordinal regression model which identifies demographic, economic and social factors that are significant in explaining the status of family well-being.
Methodology: This study used data involving 2,808 respondents from a nationwide survey conducted by the National Population and Family Development Board of Malaysia in 2011. An ordinal regression model was implemented to describe the three levels of family well-being.
Findings: The national survey reported that 76.3% of the respondents experienced a high level of family well-being, followed by moderate (18.4%) and low (5.3%). The fitted ordinal regression model found that ethnic background, family relationship, community relationship, health and safety levels, family economic situation, religious practice, housing, and environment are significantly related to family well-being. Meanwhile, it was found that income level is not a significant factor in determining family well-being.
Contributions: There are a limited number of studies on the application of ordinal regression for modelling the level of family well-being, particularly with covariates involving the demographic and social characteristics of the respondents. This study fills in the gap in the literature where the ordinal regression model provides useful information for policymakers to enhance the status of family well-being in Malaysia via various policy initiatives.
Keywords: Family well-being, Ordinal Regression Model, ordinal data, Proportional Odds Model
A REVIEW OF CAMBODIAN PRIVATE TUTORING: PARASITIC AND SYMBIOTIC FUNCTIONS TOWARDS THE MAINSTREAM SYSTEM
Get PDFOffering private tutoring (PT) to their students is legal in Cambodia. However, teachers are banned from engaging in PT during official hours and holidays. Literature has proven common root causes across contexts such as low salaries, class size, insufficient instructional times and high-stakes examinations. With a new attempt, this narrative paper aims to discuss PT and its effects from the different stakeholders’ perspectives and to reflect PT functions towards mainstream education. On the one hand, symbiosis generates a ‘dependency system,’ divided into two relationships such as ‘commensalism’ between PT and the mainstream system, and ‘mutualism’ between supply and demand side including the mainstream system. On the other hand, parasitism (professional misconduct) exists owing to policy implementers’ laissez-faire approach in exercising the approved codes of conducts. Hence, the parasitism remains in the public classrooms owing to the lack of accountability and monitoring system of the in-charge stakeholders. Its presence enlarges the capacity of the dependency system to cast a shadow over the incomplete shape and size of the mainstream system. Thus, it should be alerted that when it is oversized, this symbiotic function may downplay the mainstream system and moves it away from the core attention of the demand side.
Keywords: Cambodia, extra lesson, private tuition, shadow education, supplementary tutoring.
Cite as: Soeung, S. (2021). A review of Cambodian private tutoring: Parasitic and symbiotic functions towards the mainstream system. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(1), 42-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp42-5
INTERNATIONAL PATENT LAW AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN INDONESIA: CAN IT FACILITATE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER?
Get PDFBackground and Purpose: Indonesia has patent law for more than three decades and has made adjustments with the Trade related of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) Agreement by revising such patent law several times with the aim of encouraging innovation and technology transfer as promised by the Agreement, but technological capacity and technology transfer are still low. The purpose of this study is to analyse whether the implementation of international patent law in Indonesia facilitates innovation and technology transfer to increase technological capacity.
Methodology: This study used a normative legal research methodology. It used statutory and conceptual approaches. Both approaches were needed to analyse conceptual and theoretical works related to this topic and to examine consistency of applicable laws and policy. Legal resources and legal documents were analysed using descriptive qualitative analysis.
Findings: This study found that the implementation of international patent law to promote innovation and technology transfer in Indonesia was still not easy to be seen because the Indonesian Patent Law was not designed comprehensively to promote innovation and technology transfer and lack of consistency of regulations and policies on technology transfer. It also paid less attention to facilitate international technology transfer.
Contributions: This study suggests that Indonesia needs comprehensiveness and consistency of all prevailing laws and regulation related to technology transfer, research and development, particularly patent law, to fully use flexibility provided by the TRIPs Agreement to enhance national technological capacity and innovation.
Keywords: Indonesian Patent Law, innovation, International Patent Law, technology transfer, TRIPs Agreement.
Cite as: Barizah, N. (2021). International patent law and its implementation in Indonesia: Can it facilitate technology transfer? Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(1), 156-175. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp156-17
ABU RAYHAN AL-BIRUNI’S STUDY OF OTHER RELIGIONS: A CASE ON HINDUISM
Get PDFStudying other religions is a legacy left by medieval Muslim scholars. As a Muslim scholar, al-Biruni’s Kitab al-Hind was a unique contribution to the study of Hinduism. This study explores al-Biruni’s approaches to studying Hinduism, culture, and civilisation by reviewing related manuscripts and literature. Al-Biruni studied the Hindu scripture in its original language. He investigated Hindu theology and philosophy, their caste system in society, law and ethics, rituals, and festivals. In Kitab al-Hind, an entire chapter is dedicated to Hindu scriptures, which include Veda and Puranas. Concerning religious beliefs and divinity, there were various perceptions between the educated and uneducated people. Murti puja was a form of worship to express love and devotion towards God. However, the educated classes considered that idols were no more than intermediaries, and the idol worshippers were being deluded from the actual worship of God. The Hindu caste system was established upon religious foundations, and every caste used to have its own mode of living and daily routine. Furthermore, Hindu rules, guidelines, and religious laws were developed by divine sages called Rishis, who provided laws of murder and theft, punishment of adultery, treatment for prisoners, and inheritance law. Al-Biruni took an objective, in-depth, scientific, and authentic approach to presenting Hinduism, which made his work accepted by both Muslim and non-Muslim religious scholars. It is hoped that this paper will offer new perspectives to Muslim scholars on studying other religions, which may consequently enhance religious harmony in a multireligious society.
Keywords: Al-Biruni, Hinduism, religion, comparative religion, Muslim scholar
EVALUATION OF A TEST MEASURING MATHEMATICAL MODELLING COMPETENCY FOR INDONESIAN COLLEGE STUDENTS
Get PDFBackground and Purpose: Mathematical modelling competency is one of the vital characteristics of mathematics education. Educational researchers have updated the benefits of modelling as a key factor in the study of complexity and modern science. Since many scholars frequently adopt instruments from one cultural background to another, they also offer proof on the issue of validity and reliability. The present paper aimed to validate a mathematical modelling test for prospective secondary mathematics teachers.
Methodology: We utilized a survey approach to examine the factor structure of the mathematical modelling test for 202 secondary prospective mathematics teachers selected by cluster random sampling. A mathematical modelling test was adapted to measure the desired constructs. More importantly, we used exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using AMOS 18 and Rasch measurement model with Winstep version 3.73 to analyze the data.
Findings: The EFA and CFA techniques verified that a mathematical modelling test was acceptable for Indonesian prospective mathematics teachers. In addition, Rasch analysis also confirmed that all items fit the criteria well and implied that all items are valid in measuring student mathematical modelling competency. This finding concludes that the mathematical modelling test of prospective Indonesian mathematics teachers has an eight-dimensional structure.
Contributions: This present research contributes to a psychometric measure of the reliability and validity of a mathematical modelling test in mathematics education programs.
Keywords: Confirmatory factor analysis, mathematical modelling competency, Rasch measurement model
PEMBANGUNAN NEGARA, KOMUNITI DAN INSAN MELAMPAUI 2020 [NATIONAL, COMMUNITY, AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT BEYOND 2020], BY ABDUL RAHMAN EMBONG. INSTITUT KAJIAN MALAYSIA DAN ANTARABANGSA, 2007, 55 PAGES. ISBN: 978-983-43443-0-6
Get PDFStatement of the exact length of the article: 1745 words.
Cite as: Razali, N. A., Mohamad Suhaimy, K. A., & Sabtu, M. H. (2021). Pembangunan negara, komuniti dan insan melampaui 2020 [National, community, and human development beyond 2020]. (Book review). Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(2), 448-452. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss2pp448-45
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RECIPROCAL TEACHING AS READING COMPREHENSION INTERVENTION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Get PDFBackground and Purpose: This paper comprehensively reviews the research on reading comprehension interventions for ESL learners. Although numerous reviews have reported the effectiveness of reciprocal teaching in improving reading outcomes, only a few reviews focused on the use of these strategies in ESL contexts. Hence, this review identified, evaluated, and synthesized relevant literature in search of the effectiveness of reciprocal teaching and the features associated with improved reading comprehension outcomes.
Methodology: Guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), a thorough search was performed on five major databases using the search terms “reciprocal teaching” or “reciprocal reading” and “reading comprehension” or “text comprehension”.
Findings: The comprehensive search resulted in a total of 18 articles. The analysis coded these articles into eight main themes with four main themes concentrated on the features of the reciprocal teaching interventions: (a) purposes, (b) learning environment, (c) comprehension-monitoring, and (d) scaffolding, and another four main themes on the outcomes of the interventions: (e) results, (f) comprehension outcome measures, (g) reading strategies, and (h) conceptual change.
Contributions: Conclusively, reciprocal teaching fulfilled the key features of effective intervention, as significant gains were mostly observed in the research using reciprocal teaching. The versatility of reciprocal teaching makes the technique adaptable to learners of varying backgrounds, ages, and levels of education.
Keywords: reciprocal teaching, reading strategies, interventions, ESL learners, comprehension