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Modelos de distribución de especies: Una revisión sintética]
No full textIn the last years a new tool has become widely used in ecological studies: species distribution models. These models analyze the spatial patterns of presence of organisms objectively, by means of statistical and cartographic procedures based on real data. They infer the presence of potentially suitable areas according to their environmental characteristics. Data stored in natural history collections can be used for this purpose, which gives new opportunities to use to these types of data. The models have evolved from the analysis of single species to the study of hundreds or thousands of taxa which are combined for the assessment of biodiversity and species richness. In this paper we review the variety of methods used, their potential and weaknesses, and the limiting factors that influence the interpretation of species distribution models
Notas sobre la dieta del buho ventribandeado (Pulsatrix melanota) en Ecuador
No full textAnte la ausencia de información detallada sobre la dieta del Búho Ventribandeado, sugerimos que se alimenta principalmente de insectos, basándonos en nuestro análisis estomacal y su correspondencia con la información de dos especímenes del MECN. Aunque los datos aquí presentados son limitados, el entrenamiento adquirido durante la identificación de presas constituyó un primer paso para el desarrollo de un estudio más extenso sobre la dieta de esta especie en Ecuador, cuyos resultados serán presentados en el futur
Advertisement and combat calls of the glass frog Centrolene lynchi (Anura: Centrolenidae), with notes on combat and reproductive behaviors
No full textWe describe the advertisement and combat calls, combat behavior, and reproductive behavior of the glass frog Centrolene lynchi, an endemic species of the cloud forests of Ecuador. The typical advertisement call consists of a tonal note and 1-3 peaked notes, each with 1-3 pulses. Variations on this advertisement call include the addition of a short note before the tonal note, as well as the absence of the tonal note. These modifications may be similar to the described call modifications of other anurans in response to the presence of conspecific females and males, potential predators and/or changes in the sound environment. Additionally, we describe the combat call emitted during previously undescribed venter-toventer combat between males. The discovery of this combat behavior is consistent with the hypothesis that venter-to-venter combat behavior is a shared derived trait of the subfamily Centroleninae. Finally, we describe male reproductive habits and development of the species, including egg attendance by males and implied male parental care. © 2011 Departamento de Ciências Biológicas
A new species of Andean toad (Bufonidae, Osornophryne) discovered using molecular and morphological data, with a taxonomic key for the genus
No full textCombining a molecular phylogeny and morphological data, we discovered a new species of Osornophryne from the Amazonian slope of the Ecuadorian Andes. Morphologically, the new taxon is distinguished from all others species in Osornophryne by having the Toes IV and V longer than Toes I-III, a short and rounded snout with a small rostral papilla, and conical pustules on flanks. The new species previously was confused with O. guacamayo. A taxonomic key is provided for all known species of Osornophryne. © Diego J. Páez-Moscoso et al
Ampliación de la distribución conocida y descripción del plumaje juvenil del Azulejo de Wetmore(Buthraupis wetmorei, Thraupidae)
No full textHere we report the first record of the Masked Mountain-Tanager (Buthraupis wetmorei) for the Eastern Andes of Colombia, which represents the discovery of the most northern and isolated population (c. 450 km from the nearest locality) of this rare species. The Masked Mountain-Tanager inhabits locally the ecotone between humid elfin Andean forests and paramo. Up to now, it was known from scattered localities from the Huancabamba region in northernmost Peru to the middle section of the Central Andes in Quindío, Colombia. We report observations and photographs of this species from the Tamá National Park, Norte de Santander, Colombia. We found various adults and juveniles joining a flock with the Golden-crowned Tanager (Iridosornis rufivertex) at 3050 m elevation in a subparamo/treeline transition zone. Based on photographs from Tamá and a specimen from Tungurahua, Ecuador, we comment on the juvenile plumage of the Masked Mountain-tanager
Range extensions and other noteworthy bird records from the Ecuadorian Andes
No full textWe present the results of nine ornithological expeditions aimed at documenting bird diversity in areas of Ecuador that remain relatively underexplored. The majority of new records were made along the western Andes, either in the central or the southern extensions of the outer slope, suggesting that several species may have more continuous distributions than previously thought. Among the most interesting records are those of Collared Inca Coeligena torquata in western Azuay, Tricoloured Brush Finch Atlapetes tricolor in the Cerro de CelicaGuachanamá, in Loja, and White-browed Spinetail Hellmayrea gularis and Bluish Flowerpiercer Diglossa caerulescens in the Cordillera de Chilla, in El Oro. These new records in the south-west of the country suggest that extensive sampling is still needed in this region. We also report new altitudinal records for several species and suggest that they may represent range extensions rather than occasional records. © British Ornithologists' Club 2011
La identidad taxonómica de Racomitrium stenocladum (Bryophyta, Grimmiaceae)
No full textThe genus Bucklandiella Roiv. (sensu Ochyra et al. 2003), one of four segregates of Racomitrium Brid., is the most diverse group of the Racomitrioideae in southern South America, with 12 species. Most taxa in the area belonging to Bucklandiella have been moved from Racomitrium by Ochyra et al. (2003), but Racomitrium stenocladum Dusén, treated by Deguchi (1984) as a synonym of B. orthotrichacea (Müll.Hal.) Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra has not. In our opinion it represents a distinct taxon, and is here transferred into Bucklandiella
A new frog of the genus Pristimantis (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from the high Andes of Southeastern Ecuador, discovered using morphological and molecular data
No full textWe describe a new small sized (SVL in females ≤ 25.7 mm; in males, ≤20.1 mm) Pristimantis, associated with bamboodominated forests in the Reserva Mazar, Andes of Southeastern Ecuador, at elevations between 2876-2989 m. This species is assigned to the P. orestes group, from whose members it differs by the absence of tubercles on heel and outer edge of tarsus, lacking a discoidal fold, presence of slightly expanded finger and toe pads, and bright yellow blotches on groi , axilla and anterior surfaces of thigh. The advertisement call of the new species consists of a series of short, indistinctly pulsed notes, and has a dominant frequency of 2.50-2.56 kHz. A molecular phylogeny based on a fragment of the mitochondrial gene 12S shows that the new species is sister to a clade formed by Pristimantis simonbolivari and an undescribed Pristimantis. © 2011 Magnolia Press