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A minimal approach to adverse possession
No full textComments, from an English law perspective, on the Irish High Court judgment in Dooley v Flaherty on whether the defendant's period of adverse possession of a dilapidated property, that commenced on the termination of an oral periodic tenancy, had been interrupted by the paper owner's acts in: (1) accessing the roof via a neighbour's attic to effect a repair; (2) arranging for an employee to repair some roof slates; and (3) insuring the property
The linguistic landscapes of contemporary Catalan theatre
No full textThe concept of linguistic landscape emerged from ethno- and sociolinguistics to refer to the visibility of the diverse languages that co-exist in a defined territory and the necessity to map the changing relationship between them. Within the field of Translation Studies, it has been combined with eco-critical approaches to rethink the complex connections between languages, cultures, and territories, always recognising the vulnerability of minority languages in the context of globalization. In this initial contribution, I want to explore the changes in the linguistic landscapes of contemporary Catalan theatre, linking them to the triple crisis — socioeconomic, political, and environmental — which has been experienced with particular intensity between 2008 and 2021. I will look at three aspects of these ecolinguistic changes: 1. The presence and visibility of plurilingual dramaturgies; 2. The treatment and recovery of invisible or marginal figures from Catalan theatrical tradition (above all as relates to dialectal diversity); 3. The role of translation from other traditions (especially as regards the representation of linguistic conflict and minority cultural identities).
El concepte de paisatge lingüístic prové de l’etnolingüística i la sociolingüística per referir-se a la visibilitat de les diverses llengües que conviuen en un territori determinat i la necessitat de cartografiar-ne la relació. En el marc dels Estudis de Traducció, s’ha combinat amb qüestions ecològiques per repensar la complexitat de la connexió entre llengües, cultures i territoris, tot reconeixent la vulnerabilitat de les llengües minoritàries dins dels marcs actuals de la globalització. En aquesta primera aproximació, voldria explorar els canvis en els paisatges lingüístics del teatre català contemporani, tot relacionant-los amb la triple crisi —socioeconòmica, política i ecològica— que es va viure amb intensitat entre els anys 2008 i el 2021. Tractaré tres aspectes d’aquests canvis ecolingüístics: 1. La presència i la visibilitat de dramatúrgies plurilingües; 2. El tractament i la recuperació de figures invisibles o marginades del patrimoni teatral (sobretot, pel que fa a la diversitat dialectal); 3. El paper de la traducció d’altres tradicions (especialment pel que fa a la representació de conflictes lingüístics i identitats/cultures minoritàries)
Obliteration and revocation in the law of succession: Re McEnroe [2021] IECA 28
No full textComments on the Irish Court of Appeal decision in Re McEnroe on whether the obliteration of text in a will that had already been executed amounted to a partial destruction and revocation of the will. Compares the English legal position on obliteration of words in a will
Compact angled multimode interference duplexers for multi-gas sensing applications
No full textA compact, low-loss 2 × 1 angled-multi-mode-interference-based duplexer is proposed as an optical component for integrating several wavelengths with high coupling efficiency. The self-imaging principle in multimode waveguides is exploited to combine two target wavelengths, corresponding to distinctive absorption lines of important trace gases. The device performance has been numerically enhanced by engineering the geometrical parameters, offering trade-offs in coupling efficiency ratios. The proposed designs are used as versatile duplexers for detecting gas combinations such as ammonia-methane, ammonia-ethane, and ammonia-carbon dioxide, enabling customization for specific sensing applications. The duplexers designed are then fabricated and characterized, with a special focus on assessing the impact of the different target wavelengths on coupling efficiency
Dynamics of a time-delayed relay system
No full textWe study the dynamics of a piecewise-linear second-order delay differential equation that is representative of feedback systems with relays (switches) that actuate after a fixed delay. The system under study exhibits strong multirhythmicity, the coexistence of many stable periodic solutions for the same values of the parameters. We present a detailed study of these periodic solutions and their bifurcations. Starting from an integrodifferential model, we show how to reduce the system to a set of finite-dimensional maps. We then demonstrate that the parameter regions of existence of periodic solutions can be understood in terms of discontinuity-induced bifurcations and their stability is determined by smooth bifurcations. Using this technique, we are able to show that slowly oscillating solutions are always stable if they exist. We also demonstrate the coexistence of stable periodic solutions with quasiperiodic solutions
Enhancing microbial superoxide generation and conversion to hydroxyl radicals for enhanced bioremediation using iron-binding ligands
No full textHarnessing bacteria for superoxide production in bioremediation holds immense promise, yet its practical application is hindered by slow production rates and the relatively weak redox potential of superoxide. This study delves into a cost-effective approach to amplify superoxide production using an Arthrobacter strain, a prevalent soil bacterial genus. Our research reveals that introducing a carbon source along with specific iron-binding ligands, including deferoxamine (DFO), diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA), citrate, and oxalate, robustly augments microbial superoxide generation. Moreover, our findings suggest that these iron-binding ligands play a pivotal role in converting superoxide into hydroxyl radicals by modulating the electron transfer rate between Fe(III)/Fe(II) and superoxide. Remarkably, among the tested ligands, only DTPA emerges as a potent promoter of this conversion process when complexed with Fe(III). We identify an optimal Fe(III) to DTPA ratio of approximately 1:1 for enhancing hydroxyl radical production within the Arthrobacter culture. This research underscores the efficacy of simultaneously introducing carbon sources and DTPA in facilitating superoxide production and its subsequent conversion to hydroxyl radicals, significantly elevating bioremediation performance. Furthermore, our study reveals that DTPA augments superoxide production in cultures of diverse soils, with various soil microorganisms beyond Arthrobacter identified as contributors to superoxide generation. This emphasizes the universal applicability of DTPA across multiple bacterial genera. In conclusion, our study introduces a promising methodology for enhancing microbial superoxide production and its conversion into hydroxyl radicals. These findings hold substantial implications for the deployment of microbial reactive oxygen species in bioremediation, offering innovative solutions for addressing environmental contamination challenges
In process: The Catalan independence movement in on-stage translation
No full textThis article focuses on aesthetic responses to what has come to be called “El Procés”, tracing different ways in which the recent evolution of nationalist politics in Catalonia has been represented on contemporary Catalan stages (including the Teatre Lliure, the Teatre Nacional de Catalunya, the Biblioteca de Catalunya and the Teatre Romea) through works by dramatists such as Sergi Belbel, Victoria Szpunberg, Narcís Comadira and Marc Rosich, and directors such as Lluís Pasqual, Xavier Albertí, Joan Yago and Oriol Broggi. After reflection on the limitations of dramatic forms for mediating the complexity of debates and positionings, alongside the ambivalent deployment and treatment of the theatrical in relation to the Catalan Independence movement, I go on to analyse different ways in which the sociopolitical trajectory of the pro-independence movement has been represented or re-framed on stage, ranging from attempts by Catalan dramatists to provide a space for negotiation of the velocity and impact of socio-cultural change, the use of on-stage translations from other, international contexts to mediate and reflect critically upon the local case for and against secession, to ephemeral experiments with documentary theatre in order to explore alternative ways of performing the relationship between the personal and the political. Placed in counterpoint with the overarching politics of framing and translation generated in the build-up to 1 October 2017 and its aftermath, these stagings emerge as dynamic environments of memory for past and more recent cultural trauma narratives
Freedom of association in contemporary China: An examination of its structure, content, and nature
No full textChina’s journey towards embracing freedom of association has been shaped by a complex historical backdrop and ongoing socio-political developments. While traditional Chinese society has a rich history of associations and folk organizations, the emergence of a modern legal framework that recognizes and safeguards freedom of association is a more recent phenomenon. The development of laws on social organizations and associations has been influenced by the political, economic, and social factors along with the development of the State as a whole. On the one hand, changes in the economic system, such as the reform and opening-up period, and shifts in government functions and ideologies have shaped the legal environment for associations. On the other hand, the legal framework has responded to the emergence of civil societies and economic and technological organizations, as well as the needs of cultural movements. But overall, the alignment with government objectives and values has barely changed
Freedom of Association in Australia
No full textAustralia is an international outlier in relation to the legal protection of freedom of association. As one of the only countries in the world without a national bill of rights, freedom of association is legally protected and regulated in Australia principally by the common law and by statute, and only in an elliptical way by the national constitution. Much depends on cultural norms and historical traditions that undergird respect for freedom of association in Australian social and political life. Despite the lack of explicit constitutional protection, Australian citizens exercise and enjoy a comparably very high level of freedom of association. This raises questions about the importance of social, political and legal culture for the maintenance of human rights and the rule of law. In that context, this article begins by outlining how Australian common law affirms the right to free association as a background liberty, illustrating its application across several domains, including in relation to social and sporting clubs, trade unions and employers’ associations, charities and religious organisations, advocacy groups and political parties. The article then discusses the interaction between the national constitution and freedom of association, explaining why the constitution does not contain an express right to freedom of association, while also exploring the limited potential of the express constitutional right to freedom of religion (s 116) and the implied freedom of political communication to provide a degree of protection for religious and political associative rights. Finally, the article summarises the limited statutory protections accorded to freedom of association through human rights charters enacted in three subnational jurisdictions in Australia, juxtaposing these against national and state laws that regulate and constrain associational rights, particularly in the fields of electoral law, not-for-profit associations and charity law, employment relations, anti-terrorism laws and laws directed against organised crime and anti-discrimination law. To illustrate the important role of the common law and constitutional protection for associational freedom within Australia, three case studies are specifically addressed. These focus on the regulatory powers of the Commissioner of the Australian Charities and Not-for-profits Commission at a federal level, the associations regulators at a state and territory level and on the limitations imposed upon advocacy by Australian charities. It is argued that Australia enjoys a comparably high level of freedom of association largely due to prevailing cultural beliefs and social practices in the country, supported by the common law’s traditional respect for freedom of association and a democratic system of open political contestation which enables civil society organisations to mobilise against proposals that would unreasonably curtail their freedoms. More research is needed that rigorously assesses the state of Australian law on the topic in comparison with other national regimes and against international human rights standards