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HB 1134: Amendments to the Georgia Street Gang Terrorism and Prevention Act
Get PDFThe Act amends the Georgia Street Gang Terrorism and Prevention Act to provide the attorney general with concurrent authority to prosecute criminal gang activity alongside local prosecuting attorneys in Georgia. Modeled after a similar act that created concurrent authority for the attorney general to prosecute human trafficking crimes, the Act seeks to enhance the government’s investigation and prosecution of gang crimes in the state by making the effort more corroborative, coordinated, and multi-jurisdictional
SB 361: Law Enforcement Strategic Support Act
Get PDFThis Act provides a new income tax credit for individuals, LLC members, partnership partners, and S-corporation shareholders ranging from 10,000 for donations to law enforcement foundations, defined as domestic nonprofit corporations with the sole function of supporting local law enforcement units. The Act caps credits for all taxpayers at $75 million per year
The Costs of the Punishment Clause
No full textIn recent years, scholars and advocates have drawn attention to the problematic use of fines and fees to keep those convicted of crimes enmeshed in the criminal legal system. A visible thread connects the imposition of modern criminal court debts to the costs inflicted on formerly enslaved individuals convicted of violating the Black Codes. The coercive imposition of criminal court costs on Black individuals as a mechanism to simultaneously keep them under state control and profit financially from their labor continued through the “convict labor” practices that built much of the infrastructure of the Southeastern United States, the forced labor required of inmates throughout the twentieth century, and the work/pay/jail trilemma our current fines and fees system dictates. Central to this evolution is the Thirteenth Amendment’s Punishment Clause. Although the Amendment is recognized for abolishing slavery and involuntary servitude, the Punishment Clause allows for involuntary servitude so long as it is imposed as punishment for a crime. Since immediately post-slavery, governments and third parties have used this loophole to create a system that requires those convicted of a crime to work to pay off their criminal debts, sometimes as a part of a carceral sentence, sometimes as part of a probated sentence.
This Article traces the evolution of criminal financial obligations from slavery to our modern system of fines and fees, illustrating how these penalties have continued to keep convicted individuals financially tethered to the state. Ultimately, the Article advocates that slavery and involuntary servitude be abolished outright, and that Congress use the powers vested in it through Section 2 of the Amendment to define the terms “slavery” and “involuntary servitude” in a manner that prohibits fines and fees from being a source of revenue-generation for states and private entities, calibrates financial penalties according to ability to pay, and pays a fair wage to those in carceral facilities who elect to work
SB 47: Eligibility Expansion for the Georgia Special Needs Scholarship Program
Get PDFThe Act expands the eligibility requirements for the Georgia Special Needs Scholarship Program. The Act removes the requirement of having to reside in Georgia for one year before becoming eligible for the Scholarship. Further, the Act requires the Georgia Department of Education to conduct annual surveys of parents whose children participate in the Scholarship to increase transparency and facilitate budget allocation
The Rise and Fall of Smart Growth: An Exploration of the Appearance of Smart Growth and Related Terms in Google Searches, APA Conference Programs, and Selected Newspapers
Get PDFSmart growth was conceived in the mid to late 1990s as a fresh approach to urban development that was neither for nor against growth but sought to change its form and location as an antidote to urban sprawl. The prescription was supported by a broad network of organizations and promoted extensively nationwide. Toward that end, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency launched the Smart Growth Network that includes many of the nation’s premier planning, development, environmental, and local government organizations. Today, many would argue that smart growth has become the predominant planning paradigm in the United States.
It has now been nearly 30 years since the seeds of smart growth were first planted. In this paper, we seek to explore how prevalent the term smart growth has been in discussions among the general public, the planning profession, and the print media over time. More specifically, we explore the frequency with which the term smart growth, and related terms, were used in various venues and publications over time. The exploration was based on analyses of Google searches, the programs of the annual meetings of the American Planning Association, and the newspapers of major metropolitan areas in the United States. The exercise involved searches for the term, smart growth as well as terms that represent the principles of smart growth, such as mixed use, redevelopment, walkability, land preservation and others. It is important to note that our queries allow us to search for the appearance of terms but not the context or placement of the term in the source document.
In general, we find that the appearance of the term smart growth rose rapidly in google searches, APA conference programs, and in major newspapers until the early 2000s but then seem to fall slowly but steadily until it barely appears at all. The appearance of terms that represent smart growth principles had a mixed pattern of use that varied across media and by term. In contrast, the appearance of the term gentrification has risen markedly in all three venues
We Who Champion the Unborn : Racial Poisons, Eugenics, and the Campaign for Prohibition
No full textDr. Caleb Williams Saleeby was the author of Parenthood and Race Culture, one of the first monographs on eugenics and the book that popularized the term racial poison. The goal of eradicating the racial poisons and the harm they caused — particularly infant morbidity and mortality — provided common ground for early 20th century reformers, and their concerns fed the growing support for legal prohibition of alcohol