Materials Engineering - Materiálové inžinierstvo (MEMI - E-Journal)
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Tribological properties of CrAgN thin films
Get PDFCrN and CrAgN thin films were magnetron sputtered onto the substrate made from Vanadis 6 cold work tool steel. The films were examined on tribological properties using a high temperature Pin-on-disc tribometer. Obtained results show that there is almost no effect of Ag addition on the friction coefficient when tested at a room temperature against alumina. The testing against the same counterpart at higher temperature gave positive effect of the silver addition on the m. The testing against 100Cr6 ball bearing steel gave higher friction coefficient than that against alumina while the testing against CuSn6-bronze led to much lower m. When tested at a room temperature, the wear performance of the films was positively affected only in the case of the CrAg3N film developed at 500 oC. On the other hand, addition of 3 wt% Ag into the CrN increased the wear performance at elevated temperatures while the addition of 15 wt% Ag has made the film too soft and sensitive to wear
Sub-zero Treatment of P/M Vanadis 6 Ledeburitic Tool Steel
Get PDFThe Cr-V ledeburitic steel Vanadis 6 was vacuum austenitized, nitrogen gas quenched and double tempered at various combinations of regimes. For selected samples, a sub-zero period was inserted between quenching and tempering. The obtained results infer that: I) as-quenched microstructure consisted of martensite, retained austenite and undissolved carbides, II) sub-zero processing reduced the amount of the retained austenite and increased the tetragonality of the martensitic lattice, III) as-quenched hardness of the steel was higher by 2 – 3 HRC due to sub-zero processing, IV) as-tempered hardness increased with increasing austenitizing temperature but it decreased slightly with the sub-zero period, V) no negative impact of sub-zero processing on toughness was recorded, VI) wear resistance increased with sub-zero period when 100Cr6 steel has been used as a counterpart
PROTECTIVE LAYERS OF IRON AND NICKEL ALUMINIDES ON STEEL
Get PDFIntermediary phases Ni-Al and Fe-Al are promising materials due to their superior properties such as hardness and good resistance against oxidation at high temperatures. Moreover, Fe-Al phases are resistant in sulphur - containing atmospheres. Because of these characteristics, the above mentioned intermetallic phases seem to be prospective for the use in many technical applications such as energetics, chemical or automotive industry in a form of a bulk material or coatings. Presently, the protective aluminide layer is usually prepared by thermal spraying. Nevertheless, this method is not suitable for complex-shaped components. Therefore, the aim of this work was to find an alternative way to prepare layers consisting of nickel or iron aluminides by other technique than thermal spraying. At first, carbon steel samples were coated using galvanic or electroless nickel plating. Coated samples were subsequently submerged into molten aluminium at various temperatures and process durations. The influence of the temperature and duration on the intermetallic phase growth was studied by scanning electron and light microscopy. Thickness and microhardness of the intermetallic layer was also measured
Thermal stability of Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystals prepared by SHS method
Get PDFQuasicrystal-containing materials are usually prepared by rapid solidification of the melt (e.g. by melt spinning) or mechanical alloying. In this work, the method using exothermic reactions between compressed metallic powders called SHS (Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis) was tested. The microstructure and phase composition of the product was described in dependence on cooling regime from the reaction temperature. Thermal stability of prepared Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystals was studied by annealing at the temperatures of 300 and 500 °C
OPTIMIZATION OF HEATING OF GEAR WHEEL USING NUMERICAL MODELING
Get PDFSuccessful heat treating and carburizing of gear wheels for wind turbine gear boxes requires that plastic deformation in the wheel is minimized. Numerical modeling using the DEFORM software was aimed at exploring the effects of the base, on which the gear wheel rests during heating, on the heating process. Homogeneous heating was assumed. It was found that the base heats up more quickly than the workpiece. It is the consequence of the base's shape and volume. As a result, the base expands and slides against the wheel, predominantly at the first heating stage. Later on, it prevents the gear wheel from expanding, causing plastic deformation in the wheel. The findings were used for designing new heating schedules to minimize these undesirable interactions and to reduce the plastic deformation to a negligible magnitude. In addition, this paper presents an example of a practical use of numerical modeling in the DEFORM software
Experimental Investigation of Erosive Wear on the High Chrome Cast Iron Impeller of Slurry Disposal Pump Using Response Surface Methodology
Get PDFErosive wear occurs on the impeller and volute casing of the slurry disposal pump due to the impact of the ash particles on the impeller with a high velocity. Due to erosive wear, pump life become very short. The service life of centrifugal pump, handling slurry can be increased by reducing the erosive wear. In the present work, the experimental investigation of erosive wear has been carried out on the high speed slurry erosion tester to understand the effects of the ash concentration in slurry, rotational speed of the pump impeller and ash particle size on erosive wear. The erosive wear behavior of high chrome cast iron was investigated by Response surface methodology (RSM). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis and the modeled values for the response were obtained with the help of modeled equation. The result shows that the ash concentration in slurry and kinetic energy of the moving particles highly contributes to erosive wear of pump impeller as compared to the ash particle size
Quality of weld clads applied by SAW method in adhesive wear conditions
Get PDFThis contribution deals with the analysis of the renovation layer quality of continuous casting steel rolls, developed through the submerged arc surfacing method (SAW). The continuous casting roll was analysed via the degradation phenomena which act during the operation. Four kinds of filler materials were used for the renovation of the worn roll. Surfacing was carried out as a three-layer in order to eliminate the need for intermediate layer formation. The quality of weld deposits was evaluated in terms of the structure, hardness and wear resistance of weld deposits at 23°C and 400 °C using pin-on-disc wear test. The best properties showed newly developed filler material W8-WLDC8 from the point of view of the hardness, together with wear resistance of the deposited layers in room and elevated temperatures
Investigation of Surface and Bulk Processes in Mg-based Alloys during Hydrogen Absorption
Get PDFDifferent Mg-based alloys were tailored and prepared to investigate the surface and bulk processes during hydrogen absorption. Volumetric-, resistance-, XRD-, optical-, and mass measurements were carried out. Heat treatment experiments showed that the short-term thermal stability limits (during heating up at 5 K/min) of the amorphous samples were between 125-175 ° C, while long-term stability (during 24h heat treatment) is always lower – between 80 and 150°C. Nanocrystalline alloys were stable up to 300°C. Hydrogen absorption measurements were executed between 25 and 300°C. Pd-containing alloys were found to be the fastest absorbers, and 200°C was the optimal temperature regarding absorption rate. Etching the samples previously in HF solution enhances absorption by inducing surface cracking. This phenomenon was thoroughly examined by optical microscopy. The effect of hydrogen on the crystallization properties of MgNiPd sample was determined via in-situ resistance measurements
Structural degradation of heterogeneous welded joints
Get PDFDeveloping the techniques of welding materials with higher dynamic strength onto the rolling surfaces of rails is one of the options for increasing their operational endurance. The subject of this paper is an analyses of heterogeneous weld interfaces experimentally manufactured by welding medium-carbon austenitic steels onto high-carbon unalloyed pearlitic steels. The analyses focus on examinations of the marginal mixing of the materials at the weld interface and the circumstances under which intercrystalline cracks form in the weld deposit layers. Structural analyses, chemical microanalyses and a hardness assessment were performed in order to identify the corresponding structural changes. The proportion of zonal vs. interdendritic segregation of the alloying elements in the degradation of the welded joint was distinguished. We described the nature of the structural heterogeneities produced, locally connected with the martensitic transformation. The chemical heterogeneity leading to the formation of martensite at grain boundaries was identified as the limiting effect
The quality of materials applied for slewing bearing raceway
Get PDFSelected slewing bearings and their application have been described in this article. Basic causes of the damage pitch surfaces of slewing bearings have been analysed and examples of the damage have been presented as well. Special attention was paid to these kinds of damage which appeared most often in the case of the pitch surfaces of the bearings and those ones which very often cause premature exchange of the bearing and its scrapping. On the basis of the conducted studies it was stated that the main cause of the damage to the pitch surfaces of the bearings is the excessive load of rolling elements. Based on the results of the conducted analysis, actions limiting the occurrence of the damage to the pitch surfaces of the bearings, which lead to their premature exchange, have been proposed. One of the suggested actions, limiting the premature exchange of bearings, is the necessity of exceptionally thorough design and selection of the slewing bearings, including the conditions of their foundatio