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A novel demodulator design for signal processing of inductive oil debris sensors
Get PDFMetal debris resulting from bearing wear in the lubrication system of aircraft engines carries valuable information, which can be utilized to assess the current engine condition and further enable the life-cycle prediction. The demodulation of debris signals consists of two parts: mixing and filtering. In traditional methods, the mixing process is complex to adjust and prone to failure, while the filtering employs the fixed low-pass filtering, which significantly affects the demodulation performance when the debris flow rate changes. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel demodulation model to enhance the demodulation performance and increase the signal-to-noise ratio of chip signals. Firstly, the circuit innovatively employs a self-frequency mixing method (SFM), eliminating the need for the complex phase adjustments required by traditional reference-frequency mixing methods, thereby enhancing circuit stability. Following that, a digital potentiometer is employed to implement the flow rate filtering, enabling precise control over the filter type and range, thus mitigating signal distortion caused by changes in flow rate and increasing the signal-to-noise ratio. Throughout extensive experiments and data analysis, the SFM improves the signal-to-noise ratio by 0.72 dB and reduces the signal standard deviation by 59.12% as compared to the reference-frequency mixing method. Considering the debris flow rate in the range of 0.2–0.5 m s−1, the flow rate filtering method improves the signal-to-noise ratio by 19.71 dB and reduces the amplitude standard deviation by 66.18%, as compared to results by the traditional fixed low-pass filtering method. Results demonstrate that the aforementioned circuit design effectively enhances the signal amplitude and stability of inductive oil debris sensors in the wear assessment of mechanical systems and provides useful insights into the development of advanced sensors used in the field of structural health monitoring
Factors influencing outcomes of trauma patients transferred in trauma system by air or ground ambulance: A systematic review
Get PDFOBJECTIVES: This systematic review aims to determine the effectiveness of ambulance transportation versus helicopter transportation on mortality for trauma patients. METHODS: A systematic review of published and unpublished databases (to August 2023) was performed. Studies, reporting mortality, for people who experience trauma and were transported to a trauma unit by ambulance or helicopter were eligible. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was employed to evaluate study quality. RESULTS: Of the 7323 studies screened, 63 met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-two percent of these studies included patients with diverse injury types, while nine studies included patients across all age groups. The majority (92%) of the included data were retrospective in nature. Eighteen studies (28.57%) achieved the highest score on the Newcastle-Ottawa scale suggesting high-quality evidence. Seven studies examining 24-hour mortality reported variable findings. Eighteen studies reported mortality without exact time points through adjusted analyses, 17 favored air transport. Air transport showed an advantage across all subgroups in the adjusted data, while the unadjusted data presented relatively similar outcomes between the two modes of transport. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review found that adjusted analyses consistently favored air transport over ground transport. Unadjusted analyses showed no significant difference between the two modes of transport, except in specific subgroups. Further subgroup analyses revealed notable disparities between the two modalities, suggesting that these differences may be influenced by multiple factors. These findings highlight the need for further research to clarify the true impact of transport modality on trauma outcomes
A Qualitative Exploration of Maternity and Neonatal Experiences of Lesbian, Bisexual, and Queer+ Parents
Get PDFBackground: The 21st century has seen significant positive legislative changes for LGBTQ+ people; however, challenges still exist. Research indicates that the challenges LGBTQ+ parents face in healthcare are partly due to the heteronormative and cisnormative assumptions and views that services and healthcare professionals may hold. This thesis aims to explore the maternity and neonatal experiences of lesbian, bisexual, and queer+ parents.
Methods: A qualitive systematic review of the literature on lesbian and bisexual mothers’ experiences of maternity care, was carried out by searching five databases. A qualitative empirical study was conducted which explored the experiences of lesbian and queer+ parents who had experience of their baby being admitted to a neonatal unit in the United Kingdom. The study used semi-structured interviews, and reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the findings.
Results: The systematic review synthesised the findings from 10 studies, producing four topic areas: “heteronormativity”, “acceptance and inclusion”, “finding your own path”, and “knowledge and power of professionals”. Twelve parents participated in the empirical research which produced two meta-themes. The first meta-theme, the “experience of lesbian and queer+ parents in a neonatal unit”, included four themes: “real and perceived threats”, “adapting to a heteronormative world”, “positive experiences”, and “actions speak louder than words”. The second meta-theme, the “experience as parents in a neonatal unit”, included two themes: “safety and care”, and “loss”.
Conclusions: The findings from both the systematic review and empirical study are discussed and critically evaluated throughout this thesis portfolio. Recommendations for clinical practice are provided
The role of artificial intelligence in co-creation of health professions education: Integrating innovation into collaboration: AMEE Guide No. 190
No full textCo-creation has emerged as a transformative approach to meaningful collaboration among students, teachers, and other key stakeholders. Although co-creation aims to integrate all stakeholders’ diverse perspectives and foster engagement, motivation, and ownership among them, some practical challenges can impact its implementation. The operationalization of co-creation needs a feasible, step-by-step plan to address interpersonal, practical, and institutional challenges, which can undermine co-creation. This guide examines how Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be leveraged across all phases of the co-creation cycle—preparation, conduction, and follow-up. It offers innovative insights into the intentional deployment of AI tools to enhance collaboration while preserving the relational essence of co-creation. We describe how AI can facilitate recruitment of diverse participants, design and planning of co-creation activities, brainstorming, shared decision-making, process evaluation, dissemination of outcomes, and integration of co-created outcomes into the curricula. This guide applies the Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition (SAMR) model and the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework to theoretically examine how AI can enhance or fundamentally reshape co-creation. It also underscores essential ethical considerations for integrating AI into co-creation. After reading this guide with comprehensive and practical guidelines, educators can effectively integrate AI into co-creation initiatives, aiming to enhance both the processes and outcomes of co-creation
Bruntwood at 20:Five Plays from the Bruntwood Prize for Playwriting
No full textThe Bruntwood Prize for Playwriting is the largest playwriting competition in Europe. Since its inception twenty years ago, it has received over 17,325 submissions, and awarded prizes to thirty-eight different plays across its various categories. This anthology brings together five of those extraordinary winning plays in a wide-ranging selection reflecting the history and scope of the prize – and the inestimable impact it has had over the past two decades. Pretend You Have Big Buildings by Ben Musgrave (Bruntwood Prize, 2005) is a tender and funny play about identity, loss, and growing up in Romford in the shadow of Canary Wharf. Winterlong by Andrew Sheridan (joint winner, 2008) is a shattering, heartbreaking play about searching for hope in a damaged world. Three Birds by Janice Okoh (Bruntwood Prize, 2011) is a darkly comic drama about three young siblings who find themselves home alone, without adult care. Wish List by Katherine Soper (Bruntwood Prize, 2015) is a powerful exploration of what our labour is worth and how life can be lived when the system is stacked against you. untitled f*ck m*ss s**gon play by Kimber Lee (International Award, 2019) is a wickedly funny satire that wrestles with history and explodes cultural stereotypes. Also included is an incisive essay by theatre historian Rachel Clements on the impact of the Bruntwood Prize on the theatre landscape, as well as introductions by Sarah Frankcom and each of the selected authors
Attitudes and beliefs of professionals within the English and Welsh criminal justice system (CJS) towards people with mental health conditions: A systematic review
No full textIntroduction: Compared to the general population, a higher prevalence of people with mental health conditions are seen throughout the Criminal Justice System (CJS). It is important to understand the attitudes of professionals towards people with mental health conditions. Method: This systematic review aims to explore the attitudes and beliefs of professionals within the English and Welsh CJS towards people with mental health conditions, including beliefs about specific diagnoses and symptoms. Results: The review highlighted 14 quantitative papers from England and Wales. Research was narratively synthesised in relation to groups of police staff, prison staff, probation staff and legal staff. The primary evidence related to attitudes towards general mental health conditions and schizophrenia/psychosis in police staff, and personality disorder and self-harm in probation and prison staff. There was no evidence to suggest that any of these groups demonstrated grossly different attitudes towards mental health conditions compared to other populations, however robust comparisons were limited by methodological quality and breath of the research. Conclusion: The review highlights that more research is required to better understand attitudes and beliefs towards people with mental health conditions. The paper makes various suggestions for the improvement of methodological quality in primary research
Sketching and ethical observation on the margins of the city
Get PDFThis paper explores the potential of sketching as a vehicle for ethical observation, or an ethical quality of attention, through research involving marginalised individuals. Sketching is a form of drawing, distinguished by immediacy and speed. As such, it has scope for observation of people and places, which navigates the ethical risks and opportunities of research by looking with a light touch. This means paying attention (not blanking or unseeing people) without looking too hard or for too long (staring or scrutinising others). Observational sketching can be distinguished from some forms of drawing, which involve more sustained, concentrated observation. This paper explores the ethical challenges of visual research where looking is particularly fraught – research involving homeless people at a major transport hub: Termini Station in Rome. It is very difficult, not only for researchers but also for others who move around the city, to know where to look when they encounter homeless people. These encounters bring risks, for example of staring at or conversely blanking homeless people. We propose a way of seeing, practiced through sketching, which steers between these problematic poles. Through a series of sketches, we explore different ways of using sketching as a vehicle for ethical observation. We argue that sketching can be ethical, helping to guide the observations of the researcher, cultivating their ability to notice, while collecting data about the experiences of marginalised urban lives. But the ethics of sketching are not simply a fait accompli. Rather, sketching challenges us to ongoing ethical reflection and responsibility, while leaving space for judgement and uncertainty about whether we have got it right
A machine-learning-based evidence map of ocean-related options for climate change mitigation and adaptation
Get PDFThe ocean has a vital role to play in addressing the global challenge of climate change, which requires both mitigation and adaptation actions. The exponential increase in research relating to ocean-related options (OROs) requires a rapid and reproducible method to assess the state of knowledge. We train a state-of-the-art large language model to characterise the landscape of ORO research by classifying 44,193 (±11,615) articles across various descriptors. Research proves to be unevenly distributed, concentrating on OROs with mitigation objectives (80%), while revealing research gaps including under-researched ecosystems and an observed paucity of studies simultaneously assessing different ORO types. We also uncover social inequalities driven by mismatches between the global distribution of research effort, climate change responsibility, and risk. These findings are important to maximise the efficacy of OROs, position them within broader climate action portfolios, and inform future research priorities