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NMR of soft matter systems
No full textThis chapter summarises recent advances and applications of solution-state, gel-state and solid-state NMR techniques to study soft matter systems. Original research articles published between March 2024 and March 2025 are discussed that cover liquid crystals, surfactants, gels, polymer solutions, bilayers and other soft matter systems. Each section of the review focuses on a different NMR technique, including 1D and 2D solution-state experiments, 2H NMR, relaxation measurements, nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) and saturation transfer difference (STD) experiments, pulsed-field gradient (diffusion) NMR, experiments on quadrupolar counterions, spatially selective NMR and solid-state NMR
You Wait for Ages Then Two Come Along at Once: An Analysis of Ziegler v DPP [2021] UKSC 23
No full textThe Supreme Court judgment in DPP v Ziegler adds to our understanding of how proportionality plays out within the UK’s human rights-infused public law in two distinct ways. First, the test that appellate courts should apply when revisiting lower court determinations of whether decision-makers X did/did not act proportionately: in short, how far should they defer? The second was the scope of Convention-based proportionality ‘lawful/reasonable excuse’ defences when disruptive protesters face criminal charges. This piece evaluates those two aspects of Ziegler in light too of the Supreme Court judgment in Safe Access Zones Reference (SAZ) from Northern Ireland a year later on
Public interest and qualified exemptions under FOIA: Aggregation approved by the Supreme Court
No full textA historical review of mycosis fungoides: from Alibert to mogamulizumab
No full textIn 1806, French physician Baron Jean-Louis Alibert saw a man with a desquamating rash and skin tumours. Alibert considered this to be a variant of yaws. In 1829 Alibert named the condition mycosis fungoides (MF), meaning ‘mushroom-like fungal disease’. Over 100 years later, French dermatologist Albert Sézary published papers from 1938 to 1949 detailing a mysterious disease containing ‘cellules monstrueuses’, describing cutaneous ‘monster cells’. In 1961, these clinical findings were collated together into ‘Sézary syndrome’. In the 1870s English dermatologist William Tilbury Fox published a dermatology atlas detailing cases similar to what we know now as MF, with the name ‘fibroma fungoides’. The atlas described MF as a type of fungus, before giving a description of yaws and painting a clinical picture that differed from that of a lymphoma. Over the twentieth century, our understandings of the origins of MF were changing and by 1975 the classification system and term we now recognize as cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) was developed. Neoplastic cells have been thought to arise from chronic activation of T cells via antigen-presenting cells due to inappropriate cytokines and C-C chemokine receptors. In 2018, the World Health Organization and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer officially recognized four variants of MF. These are the classic Alibert–Bazin variant and its three variants: folliculotropic MF, pagetoid reticulosis and granulomatous slack skin. Developments in immunohistochemistry for the T-cell receptor gene in the 1990s improved the diagnosis of CTCL; however, diagnosis is still challenging. Advanced MF therapies have evolved from cytotoxic chemotherapy to novel monoclonal antibodies such as mogamulizumab, targeting proteins on T-cell lymphoma cells
Book Review: Digital Media Regulation within the European Union: A Framework for a New Media Order, Judit Bayer (2024)
No full textReview of: Digital Media Regulation within the European Union: A Framework for a New Media Order, Judit Bayer (2024) Baden-Baden: Nomos Publishing
Debrief support for Black students experiencing racism on healthcare placements in the NHS
No full textGlobal majority students looking to join the NHS face significant barriers within their training, including racism. This presentation will detail a new pilot programme of ‘debrief conversations’ implemented for 2024-25 within the School of Health Sciences at the University of East Anglia (UEA). We will discuss the planning and development of the project and highlight the voices of current Global Majority students facing racism on clinical placements in the NHS. Initial experiences of staff involvement in the programme will be discussed, including barriers, facilitators and limitations
“I drink for vibes”: applying social theories to understand alcohol use amongst South African adolescent girls and young women
No full textProblematic alcohol use in South Africa is widespread. Alcohol use amongst adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) is increasingly normalised and socially accepted despite associated risks. Applying social theories to interpret data from qualitative interviews with 68 AGYW aged 15-24 years, we explore social norms surrounding alcohol use. Key themes included peer influence, family and household contexts of drinking, and cultural alcohol use. Respondents described using alcohol as a coping mechanism and for escapism, and its negative impacts on mental and physical health, finances, and education. This analysis frames AGYW alcohol consumption through a sociological lens, moving beyond individualistic and biomedical frameworks to understand social norms that underpin AGYW’s drinking behaviours. This investigation can inform future interventions and policies
Class(ed) Unconsciousness:The Stickiness of Class
Get PDFThis article argues that class is not simply an economic or occupational category but a deeply embodied, affective, and sticky identity, which is performatively produced and reproduced through repetition, imitation, and everyday modes of being. The article theorises the performative formation of sticky classed identities, with a particular focus on the classing of the unconscious. The first section proposes a new understanding of the ideological formation of the neuroscientific unconscious (rather than the repressive psychoanalytic unconscious in Althusser’s model of interpellation). The following section examines the specific ways in which the unconscious is ‘classed’ (in terms of the role of different capitals, the formation of groups, the force of stereotypes and cultural representations, performances of self, and the production of tastes and desires). The final section critiques dominant policy frameworks in the arts and CCIs—particularly those centred on meritocracy and social mobility—for failing to address the embedded and unconscious ways in which class is produced and maintained. The article argues that even though it may be obscured, class remains an enduring and influential aspect of personal identity, with significant impacts in terms of individuals’ lives, self-perception, and social interactions and arrangements
Gut microbiota of sub-Saharan Africa infants exposed to antiretroviral therapy: Scoping review
No full textBackground: Antiretroviral (ARV) exposure influences the early-life gut microbiota in regions with high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burdens. Understanding how ARV drugs affect the infant gut microbiota is important for optimising short-term and long-term health outcomes. Aim: This scoping review synthesises current evidence on the gut microbiota of infants born to mothers with HIV (MWH) in sub-Saharan Africa, focusing on the effects of in utero and postnatal ARV exposure. By examining emerging data in this context, we highlight potential implications for infant health and identify key areas for future research. Method: Online databases were systematically searched using comprehensive search strategies. In addition, grey literature was explored. Three authors independently screened titles and abstracts for relevance, evaluated full-text articles for eligibility and performed data extraction. Results: The scoping review highlights differences in gut microbiota because of HIV exposure and ARV drugs in infants born to sub-Saharan African MWH. Of interest is a disturbance in the gut bacterial balance in infants with HIV, who harboured enriched with more diverse and potentially harmful bacteria relative to HIV-exposed uninfected infants. There was agreement from some countries, that is Nigeria and Zimbabwe, that their gut microbiota genomes comprise Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis and Enterococcus. Conclusion: Both antiretroviral therapy and HIV influence the gut microbiota in infants born to MWH. Pathogenic overgrowth within the infant gut microbiota for individuals with HIV may impair immune maturation during early-life, with lasting consequences for host health. Contribution: This highlights the need for further research into probiotic interventions for infants in high HIV-burden settings
