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The intracellular inositol (pyro)phosphate receptor AtSPX1 reciprocally binds to P1BS DNA
No full textThe response of plants to phosphate starvation engages PHR (CC-MYB-PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE) transcription factors that bind to P1BS (GNATATNC) promoter elements of phosphate-starvation induced (PSI) genes. The encoded proteins include single-domain SPX (SYG1/Pho81/XPR1) proteins. SPX proteins bind PHR proteins. Current models of SPX1: PHR interaction define only a high-phosphate role for SPX1, as an inositol (pyro)phosphate-dependent negative regulator of PHR. Here, by combination of chemical synthesis, orthogonal binding assays and molecular modeling we report that full-length SPX1 binds P1BS promoter elements and inositol (pyro)phosphates with similar affinity. Inositol (pyro)phosphates and DNA are reciprocally competing ligands of SPX1. Structural models of SPX1: inositol (pyrophosphate) and of SPX1: P1BS interaction are provided beside a working hypothesis of SPX1: PHR1 interaction. The results reveal the low-phosphate function of SPX1. These findings proffer a fundamentally different perspective of SPX involvement in the phosphate starvation response (PSR)
The reading practices of Edward Southwell and the first known reader response to Aphra Behn’s Oroonoko, 1690s
No full textFinding reason in the interface between the system of Brussels I recast and arbitration following the decision of West Tankers and recent development
No full textCoronary CT angiography evaluation with artificial intelligence for individualized medical treatment of atherosclerosis: a Consensus Statement from the QCI Study Group
No full textCoronary CT angiography is widely implemented, with an estimated 2.2 million procedures in patients with stable chest pain every year in Europe alone. In parallel, artificial intelligence and machine learning are poised to transform coronary atherosclerotic plaque evaluation by improving reliability and speed. However, little is known about how to use coronary atherosclerosis imaging biomarkers to individualize recommendations for medical treatment. This Consensus Statement from the Quantitative Cardiovascular Imaging (QCI) Study Group outlines key recommendations derived from a three-step Delphi process that took place after the third international QCI Study Group meeting in September 2024. Experts from various fields of cardiovascular imaging agreed on the use of age-adjusted and gender-adjusted percentile curves, based on coronary plaque data from the DISCHARGE and SCOT-HEART trials. Two key issues were addressed: the need to harness the reliability and precision of artificial intelligence and machine learning tools and to tailor treatment on the basis of individualized plaque analysis. The QCI Study Group recommends that the presence of any atherosclerotic plaque should lead to a recommendation of pharmacological treatment, whereas the 70th percentile of total plaque volume warrants high-intensity treatment. The aim of these recommendations is to lay the groundwork for future trials and to unlock the potential of coronary CT angiography to improve patient outcomes globally
The Can Challenge: Understanding the best ways to incentivise recycling through a diffusion approach
Get PDFUnderstanding the best ways to incentivise recycling and improve the efficiency of waste practices is a key environmental, social, and economic management problem that needs addressing. We search for solutions to this issue by testing the effectiveness of two incentive mechanisms (a piece-rate and a lottery-based system). We run a similar field experiment in three different locations, namely a student, residential, and workplace environment, to verify the robustness of our findings and thus increase confidence in the external validity of our intervention. By interpreting recycling activity as a marketable service, we employ a diffusion model to analyse the potential adoption of the service. We find that monetary rewards increase recycling levels in almost all locations, independently of the type of incentive. More specifically, incentivising recycling stimulates action by those on lower incomes through opportunities for income generation. By contrast, those in workplace environments engage with or without incentives, but the latter provides a boost. Diffusion seems to exist in each environment, but with differing levels of success. Our study contributes to the literature by providing evidence on how to best increase public involvement through recycling and offering important insights for policy making to address this worldwide relevant issue
Understanding healthy eating and physical activity community-centred behaviour change interventions for underserved populations: A mixed methods rapid review
Get PDFPurpose: Community behaviour change interventions are a promising strategy for addressing unhealthy eating and physical activity behaviours in underserved populations. This review explores these interventions' characteristics by focusing on behaviour change techniques, evaluates their behaviour change effectiveness and examines participant experiences. Methods: A mixed-methods rapid review was conducted. Five databases and the grey literature were searched and supplemented by hand searching. Results were screened, assessed for methodological quality and data extracted using the Behaviour Change Techniques Ontology. A convergent segregated approach was used to synthesize the results. Results: Twenty-one studies were included. Commonly used behaviour change techniques were social support, guidance on how to perform the behaviour and monitoring. Intervention effects on healthy eating and physical activity behaviour change were small, but outcomes that measured influences on behaviour change (e.g., social support) improved. Participants reported largely positive experiences, mostly attributed to the intervention's tailoring to the target population's contexts and the engagement and expertise of those who delivered the intervention. Conclusions: Evidence of direct behaviour change remains limited; there is stronger evidence for improvements in factors that influence behaviour change. Qualitative evidence highlights the value of tailoring interventions to participants' lives and using relatable, knowledgeable sources for delivery. This could enhance engagement and contribute to improved outcomes over time. Further research is needed on how contextual tailoring is implemented and how the characteristics of those delivering interventions influence effectiveness and experience. Findings support the potential of community-centred approaches, but long-term evaluations in underserved contexts are needed
Mediated spectatorial views in the arts and beyond: From artwork titles to film subtitles as transcultural interfaces
No full textAs concise self-contained units of meaning at the interface of artworks and their publics, artwork titles give important insights into what is at stake in mediation in transcultural settings, under particular contextual conditions: stable visual input with cross-over of languages and cultures, thus activation of multiple frames of reference and expectations for audiences. They are revealing microcosms of morphosyntactic, lexical and pragmalinguistic triggers of spectatorial responses. Implications extend to other mediation forms with similarly unique but more complex characteristics, like interlingual subtitling. Artwork titles are used here to identify features of mediation in these distinct forms of expression, from a cross-cultural pragmatics perspective with SFL underpinning. Implications are taken up with the more challenging case of interlingual subtitles
Healthcare professional experiences of family expectations in inpatient neurorehabilitation
Get PDFIntroduction: Families of individuals who require inpatient neurorehabilitation following brain injury often have expectations of recovery that differ from treating healthcare professionals. This can hinder collaboration and create tension. This study aimed to explore healthcare professionals’ experiences of family expectations and identify ways to improve practice. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals at a Level 1 neurorehabilitation unit in England. This National Health Service unit is commissioned to see patients with highly complex needs following a brain injury. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Eighteen healthcare professionals from a range of disciplines participated, with physiotherapists most highly represented (n=5). Analysis generated three key themes: ‘the promise of rehabilitation’, ‘confidence with complexity’, and ‘developing mutual understanding’. Participants described differing expectations as a common and emotionally demanding aspect of their work, often complicated by prognostic uncertainty. Healthcare professionals recognized hope as a valid and often protective response to a life-altering brain injury. Discussion: Improved mutual understanding may require a multi-component intervention to aid communication pre-admission, identify family support needs, support patients requiring disability management, provide emotional support to HCPs, and to address uncertainty. It is critical to first deepen understanding of family and patient perspectives on this topic
“There’s never just one type”: A mixed methods realist evaluation of Adolescent-Focused Low-Intensity Life Story Work
No full textLife Story Work is a way of supporting children who spend time in out-of-home care to make sense of their experiences. It is highly valued yet poorly evidenced and inconsistently implemented with adolescents aged 12-18 years old. We sought to improve our understandings of the ways in which carers are already supporting what we describe as Adolescent-Focused Low-Intensity Life Story Work (AF-LI-LSW) to improve the quality, consistency and availability of this support. We collected data from 78 participants (adolescents, carers and social care professionals) from eight English Local Authorities. Using a participatory realist evaluation, we analysed qualitative and quantitative data to develop and test our understandings of AF-LI-LSW. We developed seven principles indicating that AF-LI-LSW is likely to be optimal when: it is flexible and person-centred; starts early; begins in the present; provides future storytelling prompts; adolescents are encouraged to participate; focusses on everyday life and when training and support is available. Participants experiences were characterised by several dilemmas. The need to offer (and desire for care-experienced adolescents to enact) participation choices whilst acting in the best interest of adolescents in current and possible future contexts. Our findings provide guidance for carers, adolescents and children’s out-of-home care more broadly