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The prevalence and course of post-traumatic depression in children and adolescents
No full textBackground: The prevalence and course of depression following trauma is currently poorly understood within the literature, particularly in youth. Understanding the trajectory of depressive reactions post-trauma is critical for developing approaches to early management and treatment. This study considered the prevalence and trajectories of depression symptoms up to one-year post-trauma. Method: Participants were 2006 trauma-exposed youth (mean age = 12.6 years; SD = 3.16) from the international PACT/R archive. Depression prevalence was assessed at four post-trauma intervals: acute (>24 h to 1 month), short (>1 to 3 months), intermediate (>3 to 6 months), and long-term (>6 to 12 months). Two operational definitions were used: “likely DSM-5 depression” (meeting DSM-5 diagnostic criteria) and “likely clinically significant depression” (based on frequently assessed symptoms). Prevalence of individual symptoms and symptom trajectories over time were analysed. Results: The prevalence of “likely DSM-5 depression” was 18.5% in the acute phase and 14.8% at long-term follow-up. For “likely clinically significant depression”, rates were higher: 38.7% (acute) and 34.7% (long-term). Individual symptom prevalence ranged from 13.5% to 62.6% in the acute phase and 15.5% to 63.5% at long-term follow-up. Two symptom trajectories emerged: a smaller group (n = 165) with minimal symptoms and a larger group (n = 411) with persistent symptoms. Conclusion: Depression is a common and often persistent response to trauma in children and adolescents, with limited spontaneous recovery over the first year. Routine screening and early intervention for depression in trauma-exposed youth are warranted. Further longitudinal research is needed to identify modifiable risk factors and effective treatment strategies
Culinary Creativity:Personal Taste, Deconstruction, and Food Design
No full textThis chapter focuses on creativity and food design at elBulli, Ferran Adrià’s world-leading restaurant in Catalunya, Spain. The chapter begins with an overview of creative processes at elBulli, before moving on to address the ‘Mental Palate’. The latter was elBulli’s term for the training, knowledge, and skill of the chef, as well as their personal tastes, and this section addresses how elBulli’s creative practice utilised, harnessed, and directed the ‘Mental Palate’ in the development of new dishes. The second half of the chapter turns to Derridean deconstruction as a creative-artistic-reflective approach at elBulli, exploring: creativity and copying/reproduction; representations and the real/natural; and challenging the seeming wholeness or unity of a dish or an ingredient. This chapter explores how elBulli’s work manifests an artistic thinking with and through gastronomy: an embodied, sensory, and intellectual relation between food and chef or diner, which is interrogatory, revelatory, and creative
The role of teacher agency in realising EdTech’s potential to reduce teacher workload and improve teacher retention
Get PDFThis article considers how EdTech platform design and EdTech policy implementation in schools combine to contribute to rather than alleviate teachers' workload, constraining professional agency in ways which may contribute to teachers' dissatisfaction and the current teacher retention crisis. Workload has been cited as a leading reason for teachers leaving the profession. Successive OECD Teaching and International Learning Surveys (TALIS) identify increases in teacher workload. English government taskforce recommendations and EdTech policy papers have since promoted education technology (EdTech) as a means to alleviate teacher workload, prevent burnout and improve staff retention. Despite these moves to integrate EdTech into teaching and learning, many teachers do not experience the EdTech-reduced workload envisioned in policy discourse and political rhetoric. We present narrative interview and survey data drawn from a mixed-methods place-based study of teachers' experiences of EdTech, in primary and secondary schools in eastern England. Our analyses problematise conventional understandings of workload and its relationship with EdTech, affording insights through positioning analysis of teachers' ‘small stories’ of EdTech practice and resourcing. We explore the nature and extent of professional agency with EdTech relative to professional efficacy, work efficiency and job satisfaction. Our findings have implications for national and local frameworks guiding teachers' EdTech use. They can inform initial and continuing professional education, contributing differentiated understandings of EdTech's relationships with workload. Our recommendations may support school leaders and teacher educators in facilitating teacher agency with EdTech, so that teachers' choices of EdTech use address workload challenges for job satisfaction and retention
State of Europe’s surface ocean CO₂ observations:Audit 2026
No full textThe ocean absorbs around 30% of human-caused CO₂ emissions each year. Accurate and up-to-date estimates of ocean carbon up- take are therefore essential for effective policies on climate mitiga- tion, adaptation, and carbon management. Current knowledge of this uptake is derived from estimates that integrate surface ocean CO2 observations from regional seas and the open ocean worldwide. This audit provides a first assessment of Europe’s contribution to global ocean carbon monitoring and assessment, covering the ob-servational, data synthesis, analytical, and modelling roles. It shows that European biogeochemical models and data products are the primary engines driving the Global Carbon Budget and international climate assessments. However, the audit identifies a critical “leader- ship mismatch”: Europe’s excellent capacity in modelling and data products rests on a fragile and declining observational foundation and weak data stewardship capacity. Addressing this imbalance is essential for Europe’s strategic autonomy and for meeting its European Ocean Pact goals and Paris Agreement commitments
Defining a new national undergraduate urology curriculum in the UK using consensus-based methodology
No full textTowards a just and inclusive global higher education area? The UNESCO global convention within mobility and internationalisation debates
No full textSet against the backdrop of the complex dynamics of international student mobility and migration resulting from neoliberal globalisation and other global challenges such as climate change and the rise of neo-nationalism, this paper examines UNESCO's attempts to frame the growing imperative for inclusive mobility in normative and regulatory terms. Particular attention is given to the Global Convention Concerning the Recognition of Higher Education Qualifications, adopted in 2019 and presented as the first legally binding instrument aimed at regulating higher education globally. The Global Convention expands the remit of existing UNESCO-supported regional recognition conventions to establish a framework for the fair, transparent and non-discriminatory recognition of higher education credentials. Through a network ethnography of key actors involved in the production and implementation of the Global Convention, we examine the reasons, timing and process of the Convention, as well as how power dynamics influence the design and evolution of the UNESCO agenda. Our study reveals how regional, national, and organisational logics contribute to the creation of a fluid yet codified and ritualised discursive space of dialogue and influence within UNESCO that both challenges and promotes UNESCO’s credentials as a regulatory alternative to market-driven ideologies that dominate the global governance of higher education
Soccer referees’ experience of conflict and conflict management training practice: a scoping review
No full textSoccer is one of the most participated in sports in the world, and referees ensure the laws are abided by. Growing attention has been given to researching the psychological aspects of refereeing because of the awareness of how refereeing performance is impacted. This scoping review aimed to map the extent of peer-reviewed and grey literature that identifies conflicts and conflict management training for soccer referees. This scoping review identified various events, perceived conflicts, and outcomes of conflicts experienced by soccer referees. No outright conflict management interventions were identified. This scoping review is the first to investigate soccer refereeing conflict management and illustrates the need to understand potential links between events surrounding a game, the conflicts and outcomes. It also highlights the need to understand what conflicts underrepresented demographics face, what conflict management approaches are used, the impact different approaches have on the game, and maps out a research agenda
The Regulation of Arabidopsis thaliana Stem Development by IQ67-Domain Proteins
Get PDFEarly plant anatomists noted that different plant tissues exhibit contrasting patterns of cell division, often juxtaposed against each other (Sachs 2011 [1875]). In some regions of the shoot apical meristem (SAM), for example, the angles of new cell walls are highly variable, while other regions have regimented cell wall orientation (Bencivenga et al. 2016). The tight regulation of these cell division patterns implies that cell wall orientation is important for plant morphogenesis. However, the relationship between division orientation and morphogenesis is poorly understood, because many mutants with wall orientation defects have either remarkably normal growth or complex pleiotropic phenotypes (Spinner et al. 2013; Kirik et al. 2012; Schaefer et al. 2017). Furthermore, we have an incomplete understanding of how division orientation is regulated: many signals that direct cell wall orientation have been identified, but the mechanisms and molecular components that perceive and translate them into robust cell wall positioning are not well-characterised.
The plant-specific IQ67-domain (IQD) genes encode a large family of calmodulin-binding proteins that are implicated in the regulation of morphogenesis. At the cellular level, IQDs regulate microtubule organisation and are proposed to act as scaffolds for intracellular signalling (Abel et al. 2013; Bürstenbinder, Mitra, et al. 2017). Here I report that members of the 1A subfamily of Arabidopsis IQDs localise to mitotic structures, including the preprophase band (PPB), cortical division zone (CDZ), and cell plate. Loss of function of the entire 1A subfamily (6 genes) impairs the orientation of new cell walls specifically in the pith-producing region of the SAM and increases the thickness of the plant stem. I propose that, in wild type plants, 1A IQDs are recruited to the PPB/ CDZ to ensure robust division plane positioning, while misoriented divisions in loss-of-function mutants drive radial stem growth by increasing the number of pith cell files. These results highlight how changes to cell division orientation can drive differential organ growth and identify novel molecular regulators of cell division orientation
Reply to ‘Genome engineering for conservation might be a game changer but only with the incorporation of Indigenous voices
No full textContrasting Air-Sea Coupling Processes of Conventional and Unconventional Oceanic Eddies in the East China Sea during Winter
No full textBoth conventional (cold cyclonic and warm anticyclonic) and unconventional (warm cyclonic and cold anticyclonic) oceanic eddies are frequently observed near the Kuroshio axis in the East China Sea, as identified from daily oceanic reanalysis datasets during winter months since 1993. These four types of eddies exhibit remarkably different temporal evolution characteristics and spatial distribution patterns, along with contrasting 3D thermal and dynamic structures. Each eddy type demonstrates significantly varying intensities in multiple oceanic and atmospheric physical quantities, including sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, vorticity fields, and heat flux exchanges. In particular, the air-sea coupling relationships presented by the correlations between SST and air-sea turbulent heat flux over the conventional and unconventional eddies exhibit opposite characteristics, which are likely to contribute to longer (shorter) lifespans of conventional (unconventional) eddies. In addition, the difference in air-sea heat flux anomalies associated with four eddy types determines the corresponding responses of the lower and middle atmosphere over the oceanic eddies, including the 3D air temperature, horizontal wind, vertical velocity at various pressure levels and the atmospheric boundary layer height