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Seeing animals, choosing plants: Evidence from cafeteria field study on food choices.
Get PDFReducing meat consumption is a priority for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating the climate crisis. Past research reveals that reminders of meat’s animal origins can reduce self-reported willingness to consume meat. Less clear is whether such reminders affect natural, real-world behavior. In the present field study, images of living animals were placed alongside the corresponding meat-based dishes on a cafeteria menu at a British university (e.g., a cow next to beef bolognese, a pig next to pork gyros, and a chicken next to sweet and sour chicken). Unobtrusive sales data were collected across two periods: a baseline period and an intervention period with a matched menu (without photos). Analysis of 3,674 meal sales revealed a significant increase in vegetarian choices, with the odds of selecting a vegetarian meal 22% higher during the intervention (vs. baseline) period. Effects were consistent across meat types. The present findings provide behavioral evidence that visual cues linking meat to its animal origins can influence real-world food choices, helping bridge the gap between laboratory research and applied behavioral evidence
The Psychological Impact of Attending Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Volunteer Lay Responders: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review
No full textObjectives: To explore and describe the incidence of psychological impact, including post-traumatic stress-type symptoms, in volunteer lay responders following involvement with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, and to identify factors influencing these outcomes. Methods: A convergent integrated mixed-methods systematic review was conducted (PROSPERO registration: CRD42023467307). APA PsycInfo, CINAHL (EBSCO), PubMed (Medline), and Web of Science were searched for studies published between January 2003 and October 2025. The Joanna Briggs Institute methodological approach guided study selection, quality appraisal, data extraction, and synthesis. Results: Twelve studies involving 80,742 participants from seven countries were included. Five key areas were identified: risk and prevalence of psychological impact; lay responder characteristics; situational dynamics; social connectedness and a sense of community; and emotions experienced while awaiting activation. Most studies reported low levels of severe psychological impact and individual characteristics, situational factors, and community support influenced psychological outcomes. Conclusions: Severe psychological effects following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were uncommon, but lay responders may experience mild-to-moderate distress influenced by demographics, situational exposure, and social support. This review highlights modifiable factors - targeted training, clear role expectations, and structured post-event support - that can mitigate psychological burden. Strengthening these areas is critical for protecting lay responders, enhancing the resilience of volunteer programs, and sustaining the Chain of Survival
Using data to improve the health of coastal communities: The Coda Network
No full textBackground: Since 2021, the discrepancy in healthy life expectancies between coastal and in-land towns in the United Kingdom has been highlighted, with several recommendations around using health data to identify and address potential health improvements. We describe both the processes and the lessons learned in building a new regional network with a critical mass of stakeholders to tackle a well-recognised infrastructural health problem, in a relatively under-resourced area. Methods: In 2022 the Coastal Data Network (Coda) was formed as part of the Eastern Academic Research Collaboration in the Eastern and Southeastern coastal regions of England, UK. A range of stakeholders from local authorities, national health service and universities have come together to share best practice and expertise to tackle coastal health inequalities using routinely collected health and administrative data. We have hosted a series of workshops and a conference as well as online meetings. Results: Two case studies are presented showing how Coda has responded to system needs or shared best practice in response to emergency situations. We are currently working to sustain the network beyond its initiation phase and to seek external funding for collaborative research activity in the region. Conclusion: The Coda Network has been established to enhance capacity for understanding and improving the health and lives of coastal populations. Key to retention and growth of the membership has been an early and vigorous commitment to sharing "best practice" examples. This network approach enlarges the pool of data available to Coda members allowing us to plan future population data science projects
Chronic rhinosinusitis: a qualitative study of patient and clinician experiences of the MACRO randomised controlled trial of surgical versus medical management
No full textObjectives: To explore patient and clinician experiences of participation in the MACRO randomised controlled trial (RCT)—which found endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) to be clinically effective whereas clarithromycin was no better than placebo for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS)—and to identify barriers and facilitators to the implementation of the trial results. Design: Qualitative study embedded within the multicentre MACRO RCT. Semistructured interviews with patients and clinicians were analysed using thematic analysis. Setting: 21 secondary and tertiary ear, nose and throat centres in England and Scotland participating in the MACRO RCT. Participants: 20 CRS patients (16 with nasal polyps, 4 without) were interviewed approximately 6 months after trial completion, and 17 clinical staff including principal investigators (PIs), associate PIs and research nurses. Results: This study explored patients’ and clinicians’ experiences of the trial to identify barriers and facilitators to implementing the findings. Adopting the outcomes of the trial would involve recommending surgery to more patients with CRS. Yet patient and clinician interviews highlighted polarised views on ESS among patients, between those with positive experiences and expectations of ESS and those expressing fear of complications and hesitancy to receive surgery. During the trial, many participants randomised to surgery reported rapid improvement in symptoms, but with postoperative challenges for some patients including pain, unexpected symptoms and variations in recovery period. Priorities for implementation include providing patients with information about risks and support to make informed choices. Clinicians also reflected on the resource implications for offering ESS to more patients. Conclusions: ESS is effective for CRS, but patient hesitancy and recovery concerns persist. Implementation requires clear communication, recognition and respect for individual preferences, tailored support for decision-making and post-surgical care to optimise acceptance and outcomes
A physics-informed Temporal–Spatial gated Kolmogorov–Arnold network for real-time response prediction of floating structures
No full textEfficiently and effectively predicting the dynamic response of floating structures is essential for ensuring the safety and reliability of various marine equipment. Conventional numerical methods, such as OrcaFlex, are usually computationally intensive and difficult to apply for rapid assessment or real-time decision scenarios. To address this limitation, this paper develops a physics-informed hybrid deep learning architecture (P-DeepGKAN), which integrates Temporal Convolutional Networks (TCNs), Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs), and Kolmogorov–Arnold Networks (KANs) into an efficient Deep Operator Network (DeepONet) for fast response prediction of floating structures under wave and wind loads. To enhance physical consistency and generalization, a high-low frequency separation mechanism is introduced, along with several physical constraints on the loss function, including the residuals of Cummins equations, initial conditions and the frequency-domain consistency. Samples for training the proposed architecture are generated using OrcaFlex under the consideration of various wind speeds and wave forces. Ablation studies confirm the indispensable role of physics-informed constraints, GRU module and frequency separation mechanism. Furthermore, comparison of experimental test with results by baseline neural networks demonstrates that the proposed P-DeepGKAN achieves superior predictive performances in terms of computational efficiency and accuracy. It is noted that the P-DeepGKAN model greatly reduces the RMSE values in displacement and acceleration predictions, with the improved R2 value by 3% and 24%, respectively. Moreover, the proposed model demonstrates stable short-term extrapolation capabilities beyond the training window and achieves a near-real-time response prediction with inference speeds 2400 times faster than conventional numerical simulations. Overall, the developed P-DeepGKAN architecture serves as a high-precision and efficient complement to conventional numerical tools, providing a practical solution for rapid dynamic response assessment in marine engineering applications
Arboreal networks and their underlying trees
No full textHorizontal gene transfer (HGT) is an important process in bacterial evolution. Current phylogeny-based approaches to capture it cannot however appropriately account for the fact that HGT can occur between bacteria living in different ecological niches. Due to the fact that arboreal networks are a type of multiple-rooted phylogenetic network that can be thought of as a forest of rooted phylogenetic trees along with a set of additional arcs each joining two different trees in the forest, understanding the combinatorial structure of such networks might therefore pave the way to extending current phylogeny-based HGT-inference methods in this direction. A central question in this context is, how can we construct an arboreal network? Answering this question is strongly informed by finding ways to encode an arboreal network, that is, breaking up the network into simpler combinatorial structures that, in a well defined sense uniquely determine the network. In the form of triplets, trinets and quarnets such encodings are known for certain types of single-rooted phylogenetic networks. By studying the underlying tree of an arboreal network, we complement them here with an answer for arboreal networks
Synthesis of data products for ocean carbonate chemistry
No full textAs the largest active carbon reservoir on Earth, the ocean is a cornerstone of the global carbon cycle, playing a pivotal role in modulating ocean health and the Earth's climate system. Understanding these crucial roles requires access to a broad array of data products documenting the changing chemistry of the global ocean as a vast and interconnected system. This review article provides an overview of 68 existing ocean carbonate chemistry data products and data product sets, encompassing compilations of cruise datasets, derived gap-filled data products, model simulations, and compilations thereof. It is intended to help researchers identify and access data products that best align with their research objectives, thereby advancing our understanding of the ocean's evolving carbonate chemistry. The list will be updated periodically to incorporate new data products. The most up-to-date list is available at https://oceanco2.github.io/co2-products/ (Gregor and Jiang, 2026)
Fuego, cultura y territorio en Ochusjob
No full textFUEGO, CULTURA Y TERRITORIO EN OCHUSJOB busca reivindicar el valor cultural, simbólico y territorial del fuego en Chiapas, Mexico, y demostrar por qué su reconocimiento no solo es un acto de justicia histórica, sino una necesidad urgente para diseñar estrategias de manejo del fuego más sensibles, contextualizadas y sostenibles, ancladas en el diálogo entre la ciencia, la política y la sabiduría de los pueblos. Su contenido demuestra lo arraigado que está el fuego en las vidas de las comunidades de la Meseta Comiteca Tojolabal y lo mucho que nos ofrecen los conocimientos culturales para un manejo adecuado del fuego en la región
Seasonality of the North Pacific Oligotrophic Gyre area in the past two decades and a modelling perspective for the 21st century
No full textAs the largest oligotrophic ocean globally, the North Pacific oligotrophic ocean gyre (NPOG) exhibits pronounced variability on seasonal, decadal, and centennial time scales. Notably, changes in the seasonality of the NPOG are thought to have larger effects on marine ecosystems than changes in its annual mean state. However, the interannual variability of NPOG seasonality and its response to climate processes remain unclear. Here, we investigate the amplitude of the seasonal cycle in NPOG area and its linkage with climate variability and change. Our results show that the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) modulated the seasonal maximum of NPOG area in boreal summer, and thus the amplitude of the seasonal cycle during 1998–2021. This is primarily due to ENSO-induced changes in nutrient transport via equatorial upwelling and thermal stratification, as well as changes in the chlorophyll-to-carbon ratio in phytoplankton cells (photoacclimation). Future projections based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) modelling results and an Elman neural network indicate a significant decrease in the seasonal amplitude of NPOG area by 2100, attributed to the growing seasonal minimum of NPOG area in winter along the anthropogenic increase in atmospheric CO2. The findings highlight the importance of considering seasonal differences in future research on the interannual variability of oligotrophic gyres and underscore the need for models to distinguish between the effects of climate variability and change