FLACSO Ecuador (Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales): Portal de Revistas
Not a member yet
2331 research outputs found
Sort by
Saber falar: construção do capital militante nos movimentos populares na Argentina
Get PDFThis article analyzes the socialization and construction of social and political capital in popular movements in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires, Argentina. To analyze this case, we employ a theoretical framework which draws on the concepts of activist social capital and political socialization. These concepts serve to illuminate the native Argentinian concept of “talking the talk”, which is a key skill that contributes to the construction of one’s social capital as an activist. We argue that this know how is particularly important in determining one’s trajectory as an activist. However, understanding how to employ political discourse requires the adoption of a gender lens given that the mastery of “talking the talk” represents a greater challenge for female activists who have to overcome the impossibility of speaking. The reflections developed in this article problematize the everyday politics and practices of popular social movements given that the know-how of “talking the talk” contributes to the crystallization of the gendered social division of labor in social movements.El presente artículo analiza la socialización de habilidades militantes en movimientos populares emplazados en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (AMBA), Argentina. Para ello, se propone un abordaje teórico acerca de las nociones de capital militante y socialización política. Interesa detenerse en la categoría nativa saber hablar en tanto habilidad integrante del capital militante que es especialmente valorada en la construcción de trayectorias de militancia. Adicionalmente saber hablar requiere una aproximación basada en una perspectiva de género dado que la apropiación de esta habilidad representa un mayor desafío subjetivo para las mujeres militantes planteado en términos de la superación de una imposibilidad de hablar. Las reflexiones desarrolladas aportan horizontes de problematización y discusión sobre el devenir de la política cotidiana en movimientos populares, dado que la socialización de habilidades como saber hablar contribuye a la subjetivación política tanto como expresa la cristalización de una división social del trabajo contestatario.Este artigo analisa a socialização de habilidades militantes em movimentos populares localizados na Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (AMBA), Argentina. Para isso, se propõe uma abordagem teórica sobre as noções de capital militante e socialização política. É interessante deter-se na categoria nativa saber falar como uma habilidade integrante do capital militante que é especialmente valorizada na construção de trajetórias de militância. Além disso, saber falar requer uma aproximação baseada numa perspectiva de gênero, uma vez que a apropriação dessa habilidade representa um maior desafio subjetivo para as mulheres militantes colocado nos termos da superação da incapacidade de falar. As reflexões desenvolvidas contribuem a horizontes de problematização e discussão do futuro da política cotidiana nos movimentos populares, uma vez que a socialização de habilidades, como saber falar, contribui para a subjetivação política, tanto quanto expressa a cristalização de uma divisão social do trabalho contestatório
Los Estados fallidos: una visión desde la Geopolítica / Failed States: an insight from Geopolitics
Get PDFThis article revises the theoretical and empirical implications regarding the concept of failed state, examining its relationship with the postulates proposed by classic as well as critical geopolitics. From classical geopolitics traditional elements such as State, territory and resources are revised, and the way they converge in the configuration and valuation of a failed State. From critical geopolitics, the failure or death of a state is not a simple process, but elements such as identity and culture should be taken into account. In the same way, the discourse, being an essential element in critical geopolitics, plays a central role in the process of categorization of this type of State. In conclusion: a holistic analysis of the phenomenon of failed States could contribute to a better understanding of it.El artículo revisa las implicaciones teóricas y empíricas en torno al concepto de Estado fallido, examinando su relación con los postulados propuestos por la geopolítica, tanto clásica como crítica. A partir de la primera se revisan elementos tradicionales como Estado, territorio y recursos, y se analiza cómo estos convergen en la configuración y valoración de un Estado fallido. A partir de la segunda, se interpreta cómo la falla o muerte de un Estado no es un proceso simple, sino que se deben tener en cuenta elementos como la identidad y la cultura. De igual forma, se expone cómo el discurso, al ser un elemento esencial de la geopolítica crítica, cumple un rol central en el proceso de categorización de este tipo de Estados. Se concluye que un análisis holístico del fenómeno de los Estados fallidos podría contribuir a su mejor comprensión
Abstract
This article revises the theoretical and empirical implications regarding the concept of failed state, examining its relationship with the postulates proposed by classic as well as critical geopolitics. From classical geopolitics traditional elements such as State, territory and resources are revised, and the way they converge in the configuration and valuation of a failed State. From critical geopolitics, the failure or death of a state is not a simple process, but elements such as identity and culture should be taken into account. In the same way, the discourse, being an essential element in critical geopolitics, plays a central role in the process of categorization of this type of State. In conclusion: a holistic analysis of the phenomenon of failed States could contribute to a better understanding of it
Transdisciplinariedad investigativa: una apuesta en construcción para las Relaciones Internacionales e inteligencia / Investigative transdisciplinarity: a bet in construction for International Relations and intelligence
Get PDFBetting on a transdisciplinary research strategy between International Relations (RI) and Intelligence Studies (EI) implies a triple commitment: epistemological rigor, theoretical-methodological relevance and a clear political-ethical responsibility, to develop adaptive analytical lines with a voice of its own before the local investigative needs of both fields. Thus, this article constitutes a critical reflection aimed at evaluating the methodological relevance of transdisciplinarity in construction, towards the production of new knowledge that allows to expanding the understanding of the objects of study of the international world and of intelligence in a glocal way. The findings show that a large part of the literature in RI and EI bases its production on orthodox methods, marginalizing transdisciplinary potentialities and implementing pragmatic views with little epistemological reflection of the method.Apostar por una estrategia investigativa transdisciplinaria entre las Relaciones Internacionales (RI), en su sub-campo de seguridad y los Estudios de Inteligencia (EI), implica un triple compromiso: rigurosidad epistemológica, pertinencia teórico-metodológica y una clara responsabilidad político-ética, para desarrollar líneas analíticas adaptables –y con voz propia– a las necesidades investigativas locales. Este artículo constituye una reflexión crítica orientada a evaluar la pertinencia metodológica trandisciplinaria en construcción, para la generación de conocimiento nuevo; de esta manera, ampliar la comprensión de objetos de estudio del mundo internacional y de inteligencia de manera glocal. Los hallazgos muestran que gran parte de la literatura en RI y EI, especialmente en el ámbito de la seguridad, basan su producción en métodos ortodoxos, que marginalizan las potencialidades transdisciplinarias e instrumentan miradas pragmáticas con escasa reflexión epistemológica del método.
Abstract
Betting on a transdisciplinary research strategy between International Relations (RI) and Intelligence Studies (EI) implies a triple commitment: epistemological rigor, theoretical-methodological relevance and a clear political-ethical responsibility, to develop adaptive analytical lines with a voice of its own before the local investigative needs of both fields. Thus, this article constitutes a critical reflection aimed at evaluating the methodological relevance of transdisciplinarity in construction, towards the production of new knowledge that allows to expanding the understanding of the objects of study of the international world and of intelligence in a glocal way. The findings show that a large part of the literature in RI and EI bases its production on orthodox methods, marginalizing transdisciplinary potentialities and implementing pragmatic views with little epistemological reflection of the method.
 
El acceso a espacios verdes en escuelas públicas y privadas en Curridabat, Costa Rica / The access to green spaces in public and private schools in Curridabat, Costa Rica
Get PDFThis article exposes the results of a study that sought to compare public and private schools in the Curridabat canton to determine if children have equal access to green spaces in their campuses and the effect it has on them to access these green spaces in their school. The research was carried out in two private and two public schools of the Curridabat canton, located in the province of San José, Costa Rica. It used a qualitative methodology based on observations of the school´s campuses, mapping and semi-structured interviews with school personnel and children between 7 and 12 years old. The results compare the external areas and green spaces of private and public schools and shows the importance it has for children to have access to these areas in schools.En el presente artículo se presentan los resultados de un estudio que buscaba comparar escuelas públicas y privadas del cantón de Curridabat para determinar si niños y niñas tienen acceso equitativo a espacios externos y áreas verdes en las instalaciones de ambos tipos de escuela, así como las repercusiones que tiene sobre estos el tener acceso a áreas verdes en las instituciones educativas. El estudio se llevó a cabo en dos escuelas privadas y dos públicas del cantón de Curridabat, el cual forma parte de la provincia de San José, Costa Rica. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa basada en observaciones, dibujos de mapas y entrevistas semi-estructuradas con niños entre los siete y doce años, así como entrevistas con docentes. Los resultados comparan las áreas externas y espacios verdes que tienen las dos escuelas privadas con las dos escuelas públicas y se visibiliza la importancia que tiene para los niños y niñas el tener acceso a áreas verdes en sus escuelas.
Abstract
This article exposes the results of a study that sought to compare public and private schools in the Curridabat canton to determine if children have equal access to green spaces in their campuses and the effect it has on them to access these green spaces in their school. The research was carried out in two private and two public schools of the Curridabat canton, located in the province of San José, Costa Rica. It used a qualitative methodology based on observations of the school´s campuses, mapping and semi-structured interviews with school personnel and children between 7 and 12 years old. The results compare the external areas and green spaces of private and public schools and shows the importance it has for children to have access to these areas in schools
Vulnerabilidad al cambio climático en Pedernales, Ecuador: retos desde el agua/ Vulnerability to climate change in Pedernales, Ecuador: challenges from the water
Get PDF
This article identifies the conditions of vulnerability and risk to climate change presented by the city of Pedernales (Ecuador) in relation to water. It characterizes these problems according to four axes: the state of water resources, the forms of occupation on riverbanks, the mechanisms of water circulation, and the sociocultural system of use of this resource. Then he describes how the adaptation approach based on an urban design sensitive to water can reduce the vulnerability generated by pollution of the banks of the main river in the city. From this, it is sought to discuss the challenges that for the local agenda would imply the integral recovery of banks and rivers through processes of ecological restoration and landscape improvement.Este artículo identifica las condiciones de vulnerabilidad y riesgo al cambio climático que presenta la ciudad de Pedernales (Ecuador) en relación con el agua. Caracteriza estas problemática en función de cuatro ejes: el estado de los recursos hídricos, las formas de ocupación sobre riberas, los mecanismos de circulación del agua y el sistema sociocultural de uso de este recurso. Luego describe cómo el enfoque de adaptación basado en un diseño urbano sensible al agua puede disminuir la vulnerabilidad que genera la contaminación de las riberas del principal río de la ciudad. A partir de esto se busca debatir los retos que para la agenda local implicaría la recuperación integral de riberas y ríos a través de procesos de restauración ecológica y mejoramiento paisajístico.
Abstract
This article identifies the conditions of vulnerability and risk to climate change presented by the city of Pedernales (Ecuador) in relation to water. It characterizes these problems according to four axes: the state of water resources, the forms of occupation on riverbanks, the mechanisms of water circulation, and the sociocultural system of use of this resource. Then he describes how the adaptation approach based on an urban design sensitive to water can reduce the vulnerability generated by pollution of the banks of the main river in the city. From this, it is sought to discuss the challenges that for the local agenda would imply the integral recovery of banks and rivers through processes of ecological restoration and landscape improvement
Fortalecer los colectivos campesinos en los Andes ecuatorianos. Análisis desde las provincias de Chimborazo y Cotopaxi
Get PDFFor thirty years, the rural territories of the Ecuadorian Andes have been affected by a process of agricultural “modernization”. While the productive specializations and the massive use of chemical pesticides had disastrous effects on the environment, the decline of collective practices and the disorganization of peasant groups reinforced the social and economic vulnerability of family farming. This article aims to illustrate this critical situation by basing on the results of fieldworks carried out in the provinces of Chimborazo and Cotopaxi. A specific analysis will show to what extent the generalization of the use of pesticides is a key factor of the vulnerability of the rural territories in the Ecuadorian highlands. Then, a discussion will be opened about the need to promote or strengthen the peasant collectives in order to bring out projects of sustainable territoriesDesde hace 30 años, los territorios rurales de los Andes ecuatorianos han sido afectados por un proceso de “modernización” agrícola. Mientras que las especializaciones productivas y el uso masivo de pesticidas químicos tuvieron efectos nefastos en el medioambiente, el declive de las prácticas colectivas y la desestructuración de los grupos campesinos reforzaron la vulnerabilidad social y económica de la agricultura familiar. En este artículo, se pretende ilustrar esta situación crítica a partir de los resultados de trabajos de campo llevados en las provincias de Chimborazo y de Cotopaxi. Un análisis específico permitirá mostrar en qué medida la generalización del uso de plaguicidas constituye un factor clave de la vulnerabilidad de los territorios rurales en la sierra ecuatoriana. Luego, se abrirá una discusión acerca de la necesidad de promover o de fortalecer los colectivos campesinos a fin de poner en marcha proyectos de territorios sostenibles.
Abstract
For thirty years, the rural territories of the Ecuadorian Andes have been affected by a process of agricultural “modernization”. While the productive specializations and the massive use of chemical pesticides had disastrous effects on the environment, the decline of collective practices and the disorganization of peasant groups reinforced the social and economic vulnerability of family farming. This article aims to illustrate this critical situation by basing on the results of fieldworks carried out in the provinces of Chimborazo and Cotopaxi. A specific analysis will show to what extent the generalization of the use of pesticides is a key factor of the vulnerability of the rural territories in the Ecuadorian highlands. Then, a discussion will be opened about the need to promote or strengthen the peasant collectives in order to bring out projects of sustainable territories
Construção da memória coletiva frente à comercialização de terras da cordilheira. A experiência de Campo Los Andes (Mendoza, Argentina): From wasted space to collective memory space (Mendoza- Argentina)
Get PDF
In a context of capital expansion towards the Andes Mountains, the decree 225/17 ordered the sale of properties considered idle or unused. Among them was a land that since 1901 has been administered by the National Army, called Campo Los Andes. It is located in the Valle de Uco (Central-West Argentina), epicenter of the tourism-winegrowing development of high range wines. To stop this sale, its civil dwellers together with very diverse social actors –among them, members of citizen assemblies, political parties, peasant and environmental organizations and different professionals– carried out collective actions in defense of this territory and of the national sovereignty. Through observations in forums and road cuts, gathering of journalistic notes and legal documents, we describe the diversity of social actors that were articulated during the months following the publication of the decree. Likewise, we analyze how in this process, the socialization of experiences and socio-environmental and cultural knowledge about Campo Los Andes led to the reconstruction of a collective social memory, which counteracted the hegemonic proposals of development oriented to the financial market and extractivism, in this case, viticulture and elite tourism.En un contexto de expansión del capital hacia la Cordillera de Los Andes, el decreto nacional 225/17 dispuso la venta de inmuebles considerados ociosos o desaprovechados. Entre ellos, un terreno que desde 1901 ha sido administrado por el Ejército Nacional, denominado Campo Los Andes. Este se sitúa en el Valle de Uco (centro-oeste argentino), epicentro del desarrollo turístico-vitivinícola de vinos de alta gama. Para enfrentar la venta, sus moradores civiles junto a muy diversos actores sociales –entre ellos, integrantes de asambleas ciudadanas, partidos políticos, organizaciones campesinas y ambientalistas y distintos profesionales– llevaron a cabo una serie de acciones colectivas en defensa de dicho territorio y sus diversas materialidades ambientales e históricas. Por medio de observaciones en foros y cortes de ruta, de la consulta de notas periodísticas y documentos legales, describimos la diversidad de actores sociales que se articularon a lo largo de los meses posteriores a la publicación del decreto. Asimismo, analizamos cómo en este proceso la socialización de experiencias y del conocimiento socio-ambiental y cultural sobre Campo Los Andes propició la reconstrucción de una memoria social colectiva, la cual contrarrestó las propuestas hegemónicas de desarrollo orientadas al mercado financiero y al extractivismo, en este caso, el vitivinícola y el turismo de elite.
Abstract
In a context of capital expansion towards the Andes Mountains, the decree 225/17 ordered the sale of properties considered idle or unused. Among them was a land that since 1901 has been administered by the National Army, called Campo Los Andes. It is located in the Valle de Uco (Central-West Argentina), epicenter of the tourism-winegrowing development of high range wines. To stop this sale, its civil dwellers together with very diverse social actors –among them, members of citizen assemblies, political parties, peasant and environmental organizations and different professionals– carried out collective actions in defense of this territory and of the national sovereignty. Through observations in forums and road cuts, gathering of journalistic notes and legal documents, we describe the diversity of social actors that were articulated during the months following the publication of the decree. Likewise, we analyze how in this process, the socialization of experiences and socio-environmental and cultural knowledge about Campo Los Andes led to the reconstruction of a collective social memory, which counteracted the hegemonic proposals of development oriented to the financial market and extractivism, in this case, viticulture and elite tourism.Em um contexto de expansão de capital em direção a Cordilheira dos Andes, o decreto nacional 225/17 ordenou a venda de propriedades consideradas ociosas ou não utilizadas. Entre eles, uma terra que desde 1901 foi administrada pelo Exército Nacional, nomeada Campo Los Andes. Este esta localizado no Vale de Uco (centro-oeste da Argentina), epicentro do desenvolvimento turístico e vitivinícola de vinhos alta qualidade. Para enfrentar essa venda, seus moradores civis, conjuntamente com atores sociais muito diversos, entre eles membros de assembleias de cidadãos, partidos políticos, organizações camponesas e ambientais, além dediferentes profissionais, realizaram uma série de ações coletivas em defesa do dito território e de suas diversas materialidades ambientais e históricas. Através deobservações feitas em foruns e bloqueios de estradas, de relevamento de notas jornalísticas e documentos legais, nos descrevemos a diversidade de atores sociais que foram articulados durante os meses posteriores à publicação do decreto. Da mesma forma, analisamos como nesse processo, a socialização de experiências e conhecimentos socioambientais e culturais sobre o Campo Los Andes levou à reconstrução de uma memória social coletiva que contrariava com as propostas hegemônicas de desenvolvimento orientadas para o mercado financeiro e extrativista, neste caso, o indústria do vinho e turismo de elite
O território como um campo de transformações sócio-produtivas. A posição dos agentes
Get PDF
The expansion of capitalism at the end of the last century has led to profound changes in social structures and in the relations of production in agriculture. In the north of Córdoba, Argentina, where this case study was carried out, the expansion of the agricultural frontier with centrality in soy allowed the inclusion of new productive agents and the exclusion of others. Thus, different forms of occupation and modalities of appropriation and putting into production of the land coexisted. Likewise, the selection of suitable places for capital to display its reproduction strategies generated the fragmentation of the geographical space. This article aims to identify the producers that shape the agrarian social structure, and understand how these agents, defined by the volume and structure of capital they possess, generate the productive field and the relations of force that characterize it. The methodological strategy combines the analysis of secondary and primary data from in-depth interviews with producers, technical referents and institutional agents in the region.La expansión del capitalismo, a fines del siglo pasado, ha provocado profundas transformaciones en las estructuras sociales y en las relaciones de producción en el agro. En el norte de Córdoba, Argentina, lugar donde se realizó este estudio de caso, la ampliación de la frontera agraria con centralidad en la soja propició la inclusión de nuevos agentes productivos y la exclusión de otros. Así, coexistían diferentes formas de ocupación y modalidades de apropiación y puesta en producción de la tierra. Asimismo, la selección de lugares aptos para que el capital desplegara sus estrategias de reproducción generó la fragmentación del espacio geográfico. Este artículo se propone identificar a los productores que configuran la estructura social agraria y comprender cómo estos agentes –definidos por el volumen y la estructura de capital que poseen– generan el campo productivo y las relaciones de fuerza que lo caracterizan. La estrategia metodológica combina el análisis de datos secundarios y primarios provenientes de entrevistas en profundidad realizadas a productores, referentes técnicos y agentes institucionales de la región.
Abstract
The expansion of capitalism at the end of the last century has led to profound changes in social structures and in the relations of production in agriculture. In the north of Córdoba, Argentina, where this case study was carried out, the expansion of the agricultural frontier with centrality in soy allowed the inclusion of new productive agents and the exclusion of others. Thus, different forms of occupation and modalities of appropriation and putting into production of the land coexisted. Likewise, the selection of suitable places for capital to display its reproduction strategies generated the fragmentation of the geographical space. This article aims to identify the producers that shape the agrarian social structure, and understand how these agents, defined by the volume and structure of capital they possess, generate the productive field and the relations of force that characterize it. The methodological strategy combines the analysis of secondary and primary data from in-depth interviews with producers, technical referents and institutional agents in the region.A expansão do capitalismo no final do século passado levou a mudanças profundas nas estruturas sociais e nas relações de produção na agricultura. No norte de Córdoba, Argentina, onde este estudo de caso foi realizado, a expansão da fronteira agrícola com centralidade na soja levou à inclusão de novos agentes produtivos e a exclusão de outros, coexistindo diferentes formas de ocupação e modalidades de apropriação e colocar em produção da terra. Da mesma forma, a seleção de lugares adequados para o capital exibir suas estratégias de reprodução gerou a fragmentação do espaço geográfico. O trabalho tem como objetivo identificar os produtores que compõem a estrutura social agrária, e entender como esses agentes -definidos pelo volume e estrutura do capital que possuem- geram o campo produtivo e as relações de poder que o caracterizam. A estratégia metodológica combina a análise de dados secundários e primários de entrevistas em profundidade com produtores, referentes técnicos e agentes institucionais da região
Procesos comunicacionales en la gobernanza de un área natural protegida del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito/ Communication processes in the governance of a Protected Natural Area of the Metropolitan District of Quito
Get PDF
Is there a possibility that the governance problems of natural protected areas will be resolved through the strengthening of networks of social interaction and communication? In the dialogue generated by environmental governance in Ecuador, formal and informal communication mechanisms allow opportunities for conflict management, the strengthening of networks of social interaction, the exchange of knowledge among different actors, as well as to agree on common objectives. Under the interactive governance approach, this article analyzes the communication networks of the Mashpi-Guaycuyacu-Sahuangal Conservation and Sustainable Use Area, recently created in the Metropolitan District of Quito. The study shows that the heterogeneous environmental rationalities among the interest groups in the area do not yet find their gear, due to gaps in communication processes, which weaken the participation processes, its legitimacy and effectiveness.
¿Existe la posibilidad de que los problemas de gobernanza de las áreas naturales protegidas se resuelvan a través del fortalecimiento de las redes de interacción social y comunicación? En el diálogo que genera la gobernanza ambiental en Ecuador, los mecanismos formales e informales de comunicación posibilitan manejar conflictos, fortalecer redes de interacción social, intercambiar conocimientos entre distintos actores, así como concertar objetivos comunes. Es con esta consideración que, bajo el enfoque de la gobernanza interactiva, este artículo analiza cómo funcionan las redes de comunicación del Área de Conservación y Uso Sustentable Mashpi-Guaycuyacu-Sahuangal, recientemente conformada en el Distrito Metropolitano de Quito. El estudio revela que las racionalidades ambientales heterogéneas que permean los grupos de interés en la zona no encuentran aún su engranaje, al existir vacíos en los procesos de comunicación, lo cual hace que la participación pierda legitimidad y eficacia.
Abstract
Is there a possibility that the governance problems of natural protected areas will be resolved through the strengthening of networks of social interaction and communication? In the dialogue generated by environmental governance in Ecuador, formal and informal communication mechanisms allow opportunities for conflict management, the strengthening of networks of social interaction, the exchange of knowledge among different actors, as well as to agree on common objectives. Under the interactive governance approach, this article analyzes the communication networks of the Mashpi-Guaycuyacu-Sahuangal Conservation and Sustainable Use Area, recently created in the Metropolitan District of Quito. The study shows that the heterogeneous environmental rationalities among the interest groups in the area do not yet find their gear, due to gaps in communication processes, which weaken the participation processes, its legitimacy and effectiveness.