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CRIMINAL LAW REACTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMES - INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND SERBIAN LEGISLATION
No full textIn the paper, the author deals with the analysis of the normative international legal and domestic criminal
legal framework for environmental protection. The importance of the criminal law protection of the
environment was highlighted, with the relevant international documents in this area that Serbia ratified. The
basic characteristics of the group of criminal acts whose object of protection is the environment, as
prescribed by the Criminal Code of Serbia from 2006, are listed. The author particularly emphasizes the
standards of protection, developed in practice by the European Court of Human Rights (hereinafter: the
Court) in terms of proving the commission of criminal acts of environmental crime, as well as the specifics
in terms of the burden of proof of these criminal acts. The author concludes that the aforementioned
standards from the practice of the Court should be used in the jurisprudence of domestic courts
MEANING AND APPLICATION OF MEDIATION IN LABOR DISPUTES ACCORDING TO MACEDONIAN LEGISLATION
No full textMediation is an alternative way of resolving disputes, in which the parties in the disputed relationship are
allowed to resolve it through negotiation, in a peaceful way, with the help of one or more licensed mediators,
to reach a mutually acceptable solution expressed in the form of a written agreement. The implementation
of mediation in the Republic of North Macedonia is necessary to comply with European legal standards and
fulfill the obligations assumed by signing international agreements. The introduction of mediation is
significant to overcome the following challenges: reducing the number of cases in the court, reducing the
costs of the procedure and the length of time, increasing the quality of resolved disputes, increasing the trust
of the court, involving the parties in the resolution process of the dispute and involvement of the judiciary
in modern changes in the law. The application of mediation in disputes in our country, especially in the field
of labor relations, has an extremely high level of success, with the majority of disputes ending with an
agreement, as a positive outcome of the procedure. From the previous experiences in our country, we
conclude that mediation in labor disputes restores broken relationships, improves the quality of dialogue in
the future, and prevents the occurrence of new conflicts between the subjects
STRATEGIC APPROACH TO GOVERNMENT TRANSPARENCY - WHAT DATA AND PROCEDURES DEFINE TRANSPARENCY
No full textTransparency as a principle has specific importance for achieving open government, which means that the public has access to - comprehensive, relevant and timely information about the activities of the executive branch; openness means that the government listens to citizens and the business world and takes their opinions into account when formulating and implementing public policies.
Governments can work better when they are transparent about their activities, procedures and data, when they encourage public participation and when they meet the demands of citizens. This, in turn, assumes that the government is willing to be held accountable for both successes and failures. Hence, the government is transparent when it proactively discloses information and data that help citizens make decisions about their own lives, to undertake business ventures, but also to understand how public authorities make decisions and how they spend public funds.
The transparent state provides information and data in such a way that the requester can easily (including through digital tools) find, access, understand, use and reuse it, and establishes clear procedures for accessing information that are not proactively detected.This research aims to give a more precise answer regarding what defines the transparency index, what access to information should be established and what published data defines governments as transparent on a global level, where does the Republic of North Macedonia stand in relation to these issues and what needs to be improved to have a transparent government
THE GENDER INEQUALITY AND THE POSSIBLE FISCAL RESPONSE: A GENDER TAXATION AND ITS POSSIBLE IMPACT ON POVERTY AND FEMALE EMPOWERMENT
No full textIn 1999 Amartya Sen underlined the importance of the role of women in the social life. Their active role has positive effect on their wellness, but it goes far beyond with important repercussions at different levels. He observes that if the way in which family income is used disproportionately benefits certain family members (usually males) and not others, the extent of deprivation of neglected members cannot be adequately expressed on the basis of this income. This is a real problem because gender inequality becomes a very important factor of family income allocation with consequences regard to the female sex that go far beyond the lack or possession of a low income such as malnutrition, higher mortality, lack of medical care, etc.
The same author, while admitting that the problem concerns mainly specific territories such as Asia, North Africa, etc., points out that it recurs, in different shapes, in Europe, too. As an example of inequality between the sexes he cites the Italian case, country in which the percentage of female undeclared work is among the highest compared to the legal work reported in national statistics.
It is precisely in Italy where authoritative economists, looking at the positive Swedish experience, have proposed a focused use of fiscal leverage through mechanism like a selected Detaxation of Female Labour (DFL). It was formalized in a bill presented during the sixteenth legislature (AS n. 2102/2010), but it was never approved. After fifteen years this propose is of pressing relevance in a moment in which gender inequality receives special attention due to the effect of pandemic and war events, and taxation may be a possible remedy and not a factor that distorts economic choices
PARENTAL RESPONSIBILITY AFTER DIVORCE: THE LAW OF KOSOVO IN A COMPARATIVE CONTEXT
No full textParental responsibility as a legal institution includes rights and obligations both parents have towards their children, including making decisions about their health, education, and overall welfare. This responsibility, inexorable among third parties, flows throughout the marriage or its annulment, after divorce, and during the factual relationship. The legal norms that regulate this institution are imperative, meaning that the subjects exercising parental rights cannot alter them by their own volition, transfer them to others, or inherit them, as they are of an "intuitu personae". This institution is of paramount importance because it safeguards the fundamental rights of children, always respecting the best interest of them and is valid until they reach the age of 18, and in exceptional cases even beyond this age.
The aim of this paper is to help parents develop an understanding of parental responsibilityafter divorce,which faces many challenges that can affect the well-being of children and the relationship of parents,while always prioritising the best interests of the child. The most challenging questions that ex-spouses ask themselves are who will our children live with? What happens if we cannot agree on where the children will live and how often will I see our children? Effective communication between parents is crucial but can be challenging, especially after a divorce. Divorce can be difficult and causes trauma to the ex-spouse in terms of the division of parental responsibility, and challenges often arise as to who the common child will live with
COMPARISON OF WEBSITES OF DESTINATION MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONS: A STUDY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF WEBSITE USERS – TOURISTS
No full textThe region has natural and cultural potential for the development of tourism. Tourism destinations are created in the most attractive places of the region, with the most significant potential. Practice shows that destinations in which destination management operates are develop faster and have a higher quality, more comprehensive offer for visitors. Websites are one of the means available to the destination management for presenting the destination\u27s offer. The task of websites is to attract the attention of visitors so that they get to know the offer of products and activities, which should motivate them to visit the destination. The main topic of the study was to find out the opinions of visitors to the website of the destination managed by Territorial Tourism Organizations in the Prešov Self-governing Region. The results of the study show that visitors rate the websites of regional tourism organizations in the Prešov self-governing region at a very good level. A difference was found in the respondents\u27 opinions on the selected website criterias and which website motivates them the most to visit the destination. The theoretical significance of the study consists in the use of knowledge for students of the tourism study program. The practical significance of the study is in the fulfillment of the assignment from Territorial Tourism Organizations in Prešov Self-governing Region
THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF TOURISM IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF PEJA: THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF TOURISM IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF PEJA
No full textThe aim of this summary is to cover the essence and importance of the topic "The role and importance of tourism in the economic development of the municipality of Peja". The study focuses on the analysis of the impact of tourism in the municipality of Peja as a destination rich in natural and cultural potential. Through a detailed analysis, we have identified the main roles of tourism in local economic development, which include the contribution to the creation of new jobs, increased income for local communities and a positive effect on local infrastructure. The history of tourism in the Peja region and the identification of cultural and natural manifestations, as well as attractions, are integral parts of this analysis. The aim of the study is to assess the existing problems and opportunities faced by the municipality of Peja in order to build a strong and developed tourism sector. This brief also highlights the need for collaboration with the private sector and international organizations to harness the full potential of the field. Finally, this study aims to provide a clear and in-depth view of the positive impact of tourism on the local economy of the municipality of Peja and to argue the importance of sustainable development of this sector for the well-being and long-term improvement of the local community
NEOBANKS ROLE IN SUPPORTING FINANCIAL INCLUSION
No full text Financial inclusion has a significant impact on economic growth and development and improves the living standards of individuals in emerging economies. However, today, there are still individuals and businesses in developing and low-income economies that are unbanked or underserved with limited access to basic banking services. It must be noted that during the last two decades, many instruments, tools, and programs have been developed to support financial inclusion, which yielded positive results. However, the challenges and barriers remain to be further addressed and resolved to increase financial inclusion. The challenges originate on the supply side as well as the demand for financial services.
Neobanks, as technologically advanced financial institutions, are valuable instruments in overcoming key barriers to financial inclusion. The manner in which neobanks’ operations are structured enables them to easily adapt their products and serve even the smallest groups or segments with similar needs. Affordable financial services are also provided by neobanks as a result of their higher operational efficiency compared to traditional banks
CHALLENGES IN MANAGING EMPLOYEES WITH DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS
No full textInclusive management of diversity in the work environment is essential to organizational success and productivity in today\u27s globalized world. With employees who differ in terms of culture, generation, gender and socio-economic background, organizations face unique challenges as well as opportunities. The inclusion of all team members, regardless of their characteristics, not only improves team dynamics, but also increases innovation and employee engagement. Research shows that inclusive cultures have a significantly higher rate of employee satisfaction, which in turn leads to increased loyalty and a better reputation for the organization.
The role of inclusive leadership is crucial in creating a work environment where diversity is valued. Leaders with cultural intelligence and empathy contribute to the development of trust and cooperation in teams, which supports organizational growth and productivity. By using cultural competence training and introducing inclusive policies, companies create conditions in which employees can express their potential and feel valued.
In conclusion, inclusive management not only helps to overcome differences, but also lays the foundation for long-term success and positive organizational developmen
ANALYTICAL ESTIMATION OF OPTIMAL PV PANEL TILT BASED ON CLEAR-SKY IRRADIANCE MODEL
No full textPV panel tilt and sun tracking are crucial aspect for PV conversion efficiency. We propose an analytical methodology for estimation of optimal PV panel tilt based on calculation of the sun position and application of a clear-sky solar irradiance model. Our model outputs three angles referencing a geolocation and the moment of interest: the incidence angle θ, the sun altitude α and the sun azimuth z. The irradiance model estimates the solar irradiation at a geolocation that can be used for PV conversion estimation based on specified tilt β. The moment PV power is used for calculation of the daily energy production, and the optimal β is identified in the tilt range of 0° to 90°. Seasonal division of the year is performed, and optimal seasonal tilt is estimated based on the maximal produced seasonal energy tested with every corresponding β. The methodology is tested on four typical seasonal models - 12 months, 4 three-month quarters, 2 half-year seasons and single optimal annual fixed β. Preliminary simulations produce promising results consistent with the practical engineering implementations