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ANALYSIS OF CRIMES AGAINST THE ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN HEALTH, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE CRIME - ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
No full textThe starting goal of this paper is an analysis of crimes against the environment and human health, which is a separate chapter of the Criminal Code, but special emphasis is placed on the crime of Environmental Pollution from Article 218 of the Criminal Code, as one of the most common crimes committed on the territory of RNM. The first part of the paper shows the necessity and urgency of increasing the criminal-legal protection of the environment and nature, as well as the legislation that covers these crimes, especially the above-mentioned crime - its elements, i.e. its very definition, and in the second part the paper includes an analysis of the most common crimes, compared by gender, age, conviction, etc. Data are drawn from the State Statistics Office, which are available by year, as well as from court decisions, the number of guilty perpetrators, compared to those who have not been found guilty for the period of the last few years, that is, from 2017 - 2023, according to the available statistical data, and the most common crimes committed on the territory of RNM in this time period are included
CHARGING STATIONS CONNECTED TO STREET LIGHT POWER SYSTEM
No full textThe paper deals with the types of hydrogen production, methods for its storage and transport and possibilities of end use of hydrogen. The basics of hydrogen economy are briefly describing and then the SWOT analysis of hydrogen economy is performed. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of hydrogen economy are summarized in the SWOT analysis. Based on that analysis, the biggest problems, and threats with possibil-ities of solving those problems are summarized. SWOT analysis considers aspect of hy-drogen economy e.g. from energy demands, financial difficulty, safety, and awareness about hydrogen. Conclusions involve suggestion how to avoid above-mentioned aware-ness, and how could rise hydrogen utilization
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN BIFACIAL AND MONOFACIAL SOLAR PANELS USING PV*SOL SOFTWARE
No full textTraditional solar panels commonly used in today’s solar power projects are monofacial i.e., with solar cells only on one side of the panels. Recently, many solar panel producers have improved their panel designs by introducing so-called bifacial solar panels which feature solar cells on both sides of the solar panel. Producers claim that the bifacial solar panels, regarding energy generation, typically overperforms the traditional monofacial solar panels by about 5.5%, with additional investment cost between 10% and 25%, which strongly depends on the producer and the size of the project.In this paper, the authors made a simulation and comparative analysis between bifacial and monofacial solar panels using PV*SOL simulation software. The simulation was done on a solar power project with an installed capacity of 1 MW using exact solar insolation values for the exact geographical location. Typical bifacial and monofacial half-cell solar panels available at the local market were used for the analysis. For enhancing the analysis, two common placements of the panels were utilized, ground placement, and rooftop placement parallel with the roof at the same inclination (pitch) and orientation (azimuth). Obtained results using PV*SOL simulation software for both panels and both placements are presented with accompanying discussion. For ground placement, bifacial solar panels resulted in increased energy generation of approximately 2.5%, while for rooftop placements the amount of the increased energy generation was negligible. Ground-placed bifacial solar panels have increased energy generation all year around, while rooftop bifacial solar panels provide larger energy generation only during summer months, from June to August. For the rest of the year the energy generation difference, although in favor of bifacial over monofacial solar panels, was still negligibl
ENERGY MIX OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC
No full textThis paper deals with the energy mix of the Slovak Republic with a focus on renewable energy sources and their development in recent years. The share of renewable energy sources in electricity production in Slovakia rose from 310 GWh in 2011 to 2 380 GWh in 2021. This number does not include hydro energy, which has had a very good position in Slovakia for many years and its installed capacity is almost unchanged, in 2021 it was 2 546 MW, and electricity production was at about 4 600 GWh. The energy sector in Slovakia, as well as in other European countries, must reflect worldwide changes and challenges. It needs to consider problems in many fields, such as technical, economic, ecological, legislative, social, and political. The current situation in the Slovak energy system is described with a focus on energy dependence and the usage of renewables. Some energy statistics are shown in this paper. Finally, possible scenarios and plans for the reduction of energy dependence are discussed
ТУРИСТИЧКИ ПАРАЛЕЛИ: КРУШЕВО-БЕРОВО
No full textТрудот е оригинален во кој се истражуваат туристички паралели или споредби меѓу два слични но и различни македонски градови. Изнесени се најважните туристички паралели на два мали града Крушево и Берово, кои децении практикуваат туризам. Иако градови се наоѓаат на спротивни страни од државата, сепак имаат сличности кои ги поврзува, но и уникатни специфики. Во анализите изнесени се повеќе карактеристики својствени за нивниот туризам. Прво се анализираат главните туристички мотивски фактори. Посебно се задржуваме на атрактивните мотиви: природно - географски (релјеф - планини, клима, хидрографија, вегетација и др.) и антропогено - географски (историја, етнографија, традиција, архитектура, културно наследство, цркви, манастири, музеи, манифестации и др.), со кои располагаат градовите и истоимените општини. Потоа се анализираат рецептивните мотивски вредности (сместувачки капацитети - хотели, вили, апартмани, одморалишта, спа ресорт, угостителски објекти - ресторани, кафеани, пицерии и други објекти), па комуникативните мотивски вредности (сообраќајна комуникација - патна мрежа и другите комуникативни мотиви, ски центар и атракции - палаглајдерство). Втор сегмент во анализата се туристичките движења од подолг временски период (туристи, ноќевања и нивното учество на регионално и национално ново). На крајот завршуваме со заклучни согледувања и препораки. Во трудот се користи обемна литература и други извори
НОВИ ТРЕНДОВИ И ПРИМЕНА НА ИНОВАЦИИ ПОРАДИ УНАПРЕДУВАЊЕ НА КВАЛИТЕТОТ ВО РЕСТОРАНСКАТА УСЛУГА
No full textПроблеми кои ќе се истражуваат во овој труд се новите трендови и нивната примена на иновации се со цел да се унапреди квалитетот на ресторанската услуга. Еден од трендовите е зголемувањето на автоматизацијата на работниот процес, што во пракса се состои од безжични уреди за полесно примање на налози, водење евиденција за нарачки, наплата и слично. Придобивките од зголемувањето на автоматизацијата се помалку грешки при примање и издавање налози, увид во фреквенцијата на нарачување одредени оброци, увид во можноста или неможноста за издавање на одредени оброци или пијалаци, побрза наплата, можност за резервација за следниот пат, автоматско наплата попусти и многу повеќе. Присуството на информатичка технологија не мора да биде исклучиво видливо за гостите. Овие технологии најдоа примена и во просторите што ги користи исклучиво персоналот (кујна, магацини и сл.) и од голема важност е можноста за поврзување на неколку различни уреди преку компјутери. Овој вид технолошка иновација овозможува надзор над текот на работењето и контрола на исправноста на уредот, што овозможува навремено реагирање и отстранување на сите неправилности. Употребувањето на новите трендови со помош на информатичка технологија може да се искористат за истражување на пазарот, така што класичното теренско истражување се заменува со други методи. Kоментарите на потрошувачите, кои се достапни на веб-страницата, даваат можност да ја следат конкуренцијата, да ги следат нивните иновации, промоции и други релевантни активности што можат да влијаат на унапредување на квалитетот на ресторанската услуга. 
WOMEN’S STRUGGLE FOR EXİSTENCE İN WOMEN’S MONASTERİES İN MEDİEVAL EUROPE
No full textMonasteries were multifunctional structures in medieval Europe, serving multiple functions. The term "monastery," meaning alone, garnered considerable attention due to its diverse roles. During that era, parents often entrusted their children to monasteries for education. The predominance of men in monasteries exerted significant pressure, particularly on the few women\u27s monasteries. This pressure caused women to create a new system and even create a new order for themselves However, when we evaluate the monasteries in general, we come across two different windows as monastic life from the eyes of men and women. At this point, women\u27s monasticism or women\u27s monasteries begin to draw attention and we encounter a system that is different from the eyes of women. Women\u27s monasteries could be seen as pivotal in the nascent women\u27s movements of the time. Women entered monasteries not solely for education but also to explore their inner worlds or seek refuge from the outside world. This created a system where monastic life was largely dominated by men, reinforcing beliefs that women could not achieve independently. This study aims to clarify the perspective of women\u27s monasticism during the Middle Ages and their role within monasteries.
Keywords: Medieval; Monastery; Europe; Women; Women\u27s Monasteries
CHATGPT USAGE: A LINGUIST’S PERSPECTIVE
No full textThe article discusses a popular computer program that simulates human conversation: ChatGPT. Chatbots with integrated natural language processing (NLP) can appear to understand questions and respond in a manner that seems knowledgeable. Developed similarly to computer-assisted translation tools, the developers moved from rule-based architecture to AI-supported tools using NLP and machine learning (ML) to power seemingly more intelligent conversations (e.g. Apple’s Siri, Google Assistant, Samsung’s Bixby and Amazon’s Alexa). ChatGPT, according to the common wisdom, stands out from other virtual assistants and has the potential to improve the way we interact with technology. Based on several queries conducted with ChatGPT to test its usefulness, we give an analysis of the results, which is followed by a discussion of the pros and cons of its use, with an emphasis on its usage in the educational context, in which students and teachers should be aware of the possibilities and limitations of LLMs.
Keywords: AI; ChatGPT; DeepL; LLM; machine learning; machine translation; SDL Trados
OVERVIEW OF THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM IN NORTH MACEDONIA
No full textThe financial sector in N. Macedonia is composed of deposit and non-deposit financial institutions. The banking sector is dominant in the financial system, while the participation of the other institutions is relatively lower. Although the total assets of the deposit institutions were 86.4% in 2022, these institutions faced declining trend in their assets throughout the past several years. In 2022 the total assets of the non-deposit institutions were 20.8%, however, with an increasing trend in the past several years. The obligatory pension funds have contributed mostly to the total growth of the assets of the non-deposit financial institutions. Therefore, considering the current dominant role of the banks and the upcoming importance of the non-deposit financial institutions, the aim of this paper is to deeply analyze the structure оf the total assets of separate deposit and non-deposit financial institutions in the financial sector of N. Macedonia
GHG EMISSIONS FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN NORTH MACEDONIA
No full textEmissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) from municipal solid waste (MSW) in North Macedonia are a serious issue for the environment and major efforts are needed to mitigate climate change. In order to determine the current situation with the GHG emissions in North Macedonia, several calculations were made and results and proposals for reduction of GHG emissions, related with waste, are presented in this paper.
Municipal solid waste (MSW) management, primarily through landfilling, is a major contributor to GHG emissions in North Macedonia. The anaerobic decomposition of organic waste in landfills generates methane (CH4), a strong greenhouse gas with a high global warming potential, even 25 times more than carbon dioxide (CO2). Furthermore, open waste burning and inadequate waste management techniques lead to the release of CO2, nitrous oxide (N2O) and other pollutants.
Despite efforts to mitigate GHG emissions from waste, challenges persist due to inadequate waste management infrastructure, limited waste reduction and recycling initiatives, and failure to implement regulatory frameworks. These challenges exacerbate the environmental impacts of waste management and hinder progress towards sustainable development goals.
To tackle GHG emissions from waste in North Macedonia, a comprehensive approach is required that includes legislative interventions, technological advances, and public engagement techniques. Improving waste management infrastructure, promoting waste reduction and recycling, investing in waste-derived renewable energy, and enhancing regulatory enforcement are among the key recommendations