UGD Publishing System (Goce Delcev University - Stip / Университет „Гоце Делчев“, Щип)
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APOLOGY FORMULAS IN GERMAN LANGUAGE TEXTBOOKS
No full textAbstract: The study examines the frequency and variety of apology formulas in six German language textbooks (A1–B1) for primary and secondary education in North Macedonia. All occurrences of these formulas were excerpted to analyze their usage and development across grade levels. The results show an increase in variety and complexity of these formulas in higher grades, but with uneven distribution, indicating a need for more diverse and systematically organized teaching materials to enhance communicative skills.Keywords: communicative phraseology, apology formulas, textbooks, Germanlanguage, primary education, secondary educatio
FORMAL SEMANTICS AND THE MEANING IN LITERARY DISCOURSE: BETWEEN PRECISION AND INTERPRETATION
No full textThis paper explores the subtle boundaries between formal semantics and the meaning in literary discourse, raising the question of whether strict logical systems can capture the complexity of the literary text. Formal semantics strives to construct a language that eliminates the ambiguities of everyday expression in order to achieve precision and objectivity. However, literature is characterized by ambiguity, polysemy, and cultural conditioning, which make it an “open system” that can hardly be fully reduced to formal rules.The paper examines this contrast through the parallel between language as a formal system and literature as a space of interpretation. Special attention is given to the role of the reader, the context, and the process of interpretation in the creation of meaning.The aim of the paper is to show that, while formal semantics offers clear and precise frameworks for the analysis of language, literature demonstrates the depth and complexity of meaning, which is always dynamic and interpretative. In this way, the necessity of combining semantic and hermeneutic perspectives for a more comprehensive understanding of the literary text is emphasized.The paper is based on a combined method of theoretical analysis and critical interpretation: formal semantics is examined through logical and semantic perspectives, while literary texts are analyzed through hermeneutic and semiotic approaches in order to identify ambiguity, polysemy, and contextual meaning
THE ROLE OF SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE IN REVITALIZING URBAN AREAS: BALANCING PRESERVATION AND INNOVATION
No full textThis paper explores the urban renewal movement of the mid-20th century, focusing on the problematic approach of large-scale demolition and redevelopment in major urban centers. Driven by the belief that urban decay could be solved through the eradication of "blight," planners aimed to modernize cities by replacing mixed-use, pre-zoning neighborhoods with rationally planned, segregated urban zones. The study investigates urban renewal’s reliance on eminent domain and the consequences of displacing hundreds of thousands of residents and businesses. Using historical analysis, the paper examines the underlying thesis: urban renewal\u27s focus on physical infrastructure, rather than social cohesion, led to significant humanitarian and economic failures. Key arguments are drawn from case studies and critiques, including Jane Jacobs’ condemnation of urban renewal\u27s destructive impact on social capital and community networks. The analysis reveals that while planners envisioned modern cities free from "blight," the projects often failed to attract investment, worsened housing crises, and left cities with vacant lands and fragmented communities. The paper concludes that urban renewal’s neglect of social dimensions undermined its effectiveness, and that modern redevelopment efforts increasingly recognize the need to preserve and reintegrate the community fabric that earlier bulldozers destroyed. This shift towards a more human-centered urban planning approach is essential to avoid repeating past mistakes and to foster sustainable urban revitalization in the future
SOLUTION OF DIDO’S PROBLEM USING VARIATIONS
No full textIsoperimetric problems are an important class of variational problems. They represent problems in which the optimization is subject to one or more constraints. The term “isoperimetric problems” likely does not make you think of optimization with constraints. However, they have been given this name due to their origin, a problem from antiquity. Given a fixed perimeter, the problem asked to find the geometric figure that encloses the largest possible area. The answer is, perhaps intuitively, the circle. The techniques developed in this section show how to use calculus of variations to answer this and other similar questions. We begin by presenting a variant of this problem
WEB-BASED EDUCATIONAL GAME FOR EARLY SCREENING AND SUPPORT DYSCALCULIA
No full textDyscalculia, a specific learning disorder affecting numerical and arithmetic processing, remains underdiagnosed due to the limited accessibility and engagement of traditional screening tools. This study presents the development and validation of a web-based educational game designed for the early screening and support of dyscalculia in children aged 9–12 years. Leveraging gamification and adaptive learning principles, the platform integrates psychometrically validated tasks within an interactive environment to assess core deficits in number sense, arithmetic fluency, and working memory. Experimental evaluation was conducted, with 16 participants (8 experimental, 8 control) undergoing pre- and post-test assessments using the standardized TEDI-MATH diagnostic tool. Results demonstrated statistically significant improvements in the experimental group (t(14) = 16.72, p < 0.001, Cohen\u27s d = 8.36), indicating the game\u27s effectiveness as both a screening instrument and intervention tool. These findings contribute to the growing body of research on digital learning technologies for special educational needs, offering a scalable solution that bridges the gap between early detection and interventio
RESPONDING TO MASS ATROCITIES: TRACING THE ORIGINS AND REFLECTINGON THE EVOLVING ROLES OF THE RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT ANDINTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT
No full textThe Responsibility to Protect (R2P) and the International Criminal Court (ICC) share a common moral foundation rooted in the post-WWII human rights agenda. They constitute the response of the international community to mass atrocities around the world. R2P, as a political and normative framework, seeks to ensure that states uphold their duty to protect populations from genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and ethnic cleaning, and the ICC as an independent judicial mechanism, aims to prosecute and try those individuals alleged to have committed mass atrocity crimes. This paper traces the historical foundations of both frameworks, shared objectives and conceptual complementarities that underpin their roles in atrocity prevention and response. It also explores the tensions that have emerged in their interaction, particularly in the face of political realities, issues of sovereignty and challenges of contested implementation. It further analyzes how the functions and relevance of R2P and ICC have evolved over time, how they have affected the response to more recent conflicts and how these developments have influenced their overall effectiveness. By situating R2P and the ICC within the broader architecture of atrocity prevention and accountability, the paper aims to offer a nuanced understanding of their interplay and propose pathways for enhancing their coherence and impact in the face of ongoing and future mass atrocities.
Keywords: Responsibility to Protect, International Criminal Court, Prevention, Accountability, Atrocity Crimes, Justice, Peac
ПРЕДНОСТИ И НЕДОСТАТОЦИ ПРИ УПОТРЕБА НА ЛАСЕР ВО РЕСТАВРАТИВНАТА СТОМАТОЛОГИЈА И ЕНДОДОНЦИЈА: UDC: [616.314.18:616.314-74]:621.375.826
No full textСтоматолошките ласери се модерни алатки со бројни предности и индикации во стоматологијата, од отстранување на кариозните лезии, превенција на кариес, третман на гингивитис и пародонтопатија па се до хируршки интервенции.
Цел на овој труд е да ја прикажеме клиничката примена, предностите, предизвиците , начинот на работа во реставративната стоматологија и ендодонција. Направивме литературно пребарување на литературата во последните 10 години со цел запазување на современоста и моменталната застапенот на истиот.
Принципот на ласерската препарација е тоа што емајлот и дентинот добро ги апсорбираат ласерските зраци како резултат на водата и OH јоните на хидроксиапатот. При апсорпција на енергијата доага до зголемување на темературата и притисиокот во забното ткиво и резултира со отстранување на кариозното ткиво со запазување на принципот на минимално инвазивна препарација.
Ласерите имаат голема улога при елиминирање на микроорганизмите од коренските канали. Неуспешниот ендодонтски третман најчесто е резутлат на присуството на микроорганизми во коренскиот канал или во дентинските тубули. Со цел да се намали ваквото присуство на микроорганизми, и да се избегне можен неуспешен третман, се препорачува и ласерско зрачење на коренскиот канал.
Ласерот е алатка со голема предност, бидејќи засекувањети на тврдите забни ткивае без болка и притисок со што нелагодноста на пациентот е сведена на минимум, со отсуство на дискомфорт, болка , вибрации, притисок.
Клучни зборови:кариес, ендодотски третман, ласе
ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE OF ENDODONTIC EQUIPMENT WITH GASTRIC PACEMAKER: UDC: [616.314.18-72:537.868]:616.33-76
No full textElectromagnetic interference (EMI) from endodontic equipment could potentially affect a gastric pacemaker. This article is an overview of the interaction risks, potential consequences, and precautions of the electromagnetic interference of those devices. It is all about interaction that certain electronic dental devices may interfere with the pacemaker’s function, but the level of risk depends on the type of equipment and how close it\u27s used to the pacemaker. The gastric pacemaker operates using small electrical impulses to stimulate stomach muscles. If an endodontic device induces unintended electrical currents in the body, these could be picked up by the pacemaker’s leads, potentially disrupting its normal function. Electromagnetic interference between a gastric pacemaker (also called a gastric electrical stimulator, GES) and endodontic equipment is a potential concern, especially in dental procedures involving electronic endodontic devices. On the other hand, endodontic devices are used in root canal therapy include apex locators, electric motors for rotary files, electrosurgery units, and ultrasonic devices and they generate electrical or electromagnetic fields. In summury, the patients with a gastric pacemaker can be managed safely in the dental setting with input from the gastroenterology team and the manufacturing team. De- and re-activation is relatively simple and ensures that the risk to both device and patient is reduced as far as is reasonably practicable. Also, there is a need to keep electrical devices (especially ultrasonic and electrosurgical tools) at least 15–30 cm (6–12 inches) away from the implanted pacemaker site of use modern apex locators and rotary motors with minimal electromagnetic emission, to minimize electromagnetic interference between those two devices
BRIDGING TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND AVIATION: ENABLING SCALABLE BVLOS DRONE OPERATIONS THROUGH AIRSPACE DIGITIZATION: UDC: 629.7.014.9:[654.9:004.72.031.43]
No full textThe integration between aviation and telecommunication systems is essential for enabling safe and scalable beyond visual line of sight (BVLoS) drone operations. To make BVLOS drone operations scalable, real-time access to dynamic airspace connectivity and dynamic population density data is critical for ensuring operational safety, regulatory compliance, and efficiency. Mobile network operators (MNOs) are uniquely positioned to deliver this data, allowing aviation systems to make informed decisions based on the existing ground risk, as well as extrapolated and real-time network conditions such as throughput, latency, and other key radio network coverage indicators. This paper provides an introduction to the services that mobile network operators (MNOs) are delivering to support the drone ecosystem, with a particular focus on the reliability of information about airspace connectivity.
In Germany, the MNO Vodafone has released a commercially available solution that, uses pre-processed historical radio network data to provide extrapolated insights for the airspace connectivity and population density. In the Netherlands, MNO KPN offering similar capabilities, is collaborating with the Dutch Air Traffic Control to establish a digital drone corridor between hospitals. In Spain, the MNO Telefonica is not only delivering radio network intelligence but is also aiming to become a drone operator itself. In Switzerland, the MNO Swisscom has announced a deployment of 300 "drone-in-a-box" systems, making it the largest drone operator in Europe. In the United Kingdom, MNO BT is not only investing in capabilities to digitise the airspace and deliver dynamic population density data but is also taking a step further by investing in an Unmanned Traffic Management (UTM) system.
These examples demonstrate how MNOs, by leveraging their existing infrastructure and driving airspace digitization, are becoming a critical link in the chain of BVLoS drone operations for the lower airspace. Recognising this role, they are increasingly positioning themselves not just as data providers, but as future aviation system providers. Despite advancements, challenges remain. Regulatory frameworks must evolve to incorporate real-time network intelligence, and standardisation is needed to ensure unified interoperability between telecom and aviation systems. Addressing these gaps will unlock a new era of automated, scalable, and safe BVLOS drone operations. This work aims to contribute to the academic and professional discourse around the convergence of telecommunications and aviation, providing real-world insights into how telecom operators are becoming key enablers of airspace digitization through dynamic connectivity (and population intelligence). The conclusion is clear: to achieve automated and digital airspace management and enable the safe scaling of BVLOS drone operations, mobile network operators must move beyond sim card’s provision - becoming an embedded part of aviation systems by bridging telecom infrastructure with the airspace ecosystem. As this white paper will demonstrate, that transformation is already underway