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An analysis of the European aquaculture industry using the aquaculture performance indicators
No full textThe consumption of aquatic foods in Europe is high. This strong seafood demand is currently being met not only through domestic aquaculture but also through imports. In recent decades, aquaculture has gained significant importance as a domestic source of seafood, primarily due to the dwindling availability of wild fish stocks and the escalating demand for seafood. This study investigates the environmental, economic, and social sustainability of 14 European aquaculture industries in 12 countries representing about 69% of total European aquaculture production using the Aquaculture Performance Indicators (API). We find that the average scores in Europe are higher than global average scores in all dimensions. While this should be expected in the environmental dimension given that European countries are developed economies with comprehensive environmental and food regulation in place, it is somewhat surprising in the other dimensions as the sector have been growing slowly compared to the rest of the world. However, it is growing and this is a signal of viable companies. It is also important to note that there are significant differences between industry segments. As expected, shellfish has the best scores in the environmental dimension, but the most important result is that all the sectors investigated score high relative to the global averages
Polycation Engineering in Polymeric Metal Halides Enables Tunable and Multicolor Emission from Single Transition-Metals
No full textZero-dimensional metal halides have emerged as a versatile platform for the development of light-emitting materials, but achieving tunable or even multicolor emission from a material containing a single type of metal has proven highly challenging. Here, we leverage the "structural tolerance" of recently-developed polymeric metal halides to integrate two distinct coordination units of a single metal into a material, thereby achieving highly tunable optical properties in single-phase metal halides. By manipulating the steric hindrance of polycations, facilely adjustable green, red or bicolor emission can be realized in manganese bromides, which originates from controllable transformation from manganese-bromine tetrahedra into octahedra. This design principle is further extended to polymeric copper halides, wherein broad self-trapped exciton emissions derived from distinct copper-iodine polyhedrons allow the emission colors to be linearly tunable from blue to yellow, encompassing pure white light, by tailoring the composition, excitation wavelength, or temperature. This study opens avenues for facile and precise modulation of the optical properties of metal halides by exploiting the intrinsic coordinative diversity of metal elements.</p
Patterns and factors influencing antibiotic use among poultry farmers in Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam
No full textUnderstanding the patterns and drivers of antibiotic use in poultry production is essential for designing effective stewardship and farm management strategies. We analysed antibiotic use patterns, farm management practices, and factors influencing use among 398 semi-intensive poultry farms in Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam. Data on antibiotic use and mortality during the last production cycle, and biosecurity measures were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed descriptively and statistically. Antibiotic use was reported by 77 % of intensive farms, 70 % medium-scale farms and 33 % small-scale farms, with 76 %, 59 % and 54 % of these respectively, indicating use for therapeutic purposes. Doxycycline and Amoxicillin were the most used antibiotics on intensive and medium-scale farms, while tylosin and amoxicillin were common on small-scale farms. Biosecurity levels were low across all farm types, although intensive farms reported higher implementation. Farmers prioritised external biosecurity measures, particularly those related to infrastructure, biological vectors, and feed and water management. Mortality rates were low, averaging 1.5 % on intensive farms, 3 % on medium-scale farms, and 1.7 % on small-scale farms. In small-scale farms, antibiotic use was significantly associated with the presence of other poultry types (OR: 3.3), farmers' perception of antibiotic effectiveness (OR: 2.3), having a fence (OR=3.3) and high morbidity (OR=1.1). Storing feed on elevated floors reduced likelihood of use (OR=0.2). On medium-scale farms, high morbidity (OR=1.3) and storing feed in a separate room (OR=3.5) were linked to increased use. Among intensive farms, high morbidity was associated antibiotic use (OR=10.7). These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to strengthen biosecurity, enforce regulations, and promote responsible antibiotic use in Vietnam's poultry sector.</p
Crop diversity in the landscape boosts pollinators and yield of pollinator dependent crops across the world
No full textThere is a global concern about the decline of wild pollinators and the ecosystem services they provide. Although land-use change is a major threat to biodiversity, it is still poorly understood how land-use heterogeneity (or land-use structure) impacts pollinator communities and entomophilous crop production. Based on a literature review, we performed a meta-analysis to (1) assess how landscape structure, both composition and configuration, affects pollinator species richness and abundance, and (2) examine the impact of landscape structure on the production of key entomophilous crops. We extracted information on pollinator communities and crop production from 101 studies with a total of 920 site replicates distributed widely across the globe. To obtain landscape structure (total area of all crops, crop diversity, and landscape Shannon's Diversity Index) information, we sourced data from the database Map-SPAM as well as satellite images. We found that pollinator species richness increased with the number of crop species in the surrounding area. Pollinator abundance increased with the number of different crops but decreased with increasing agricultural area in the surrounding landscape. Crop production of several crops was associated with landscape heterogeneity. Notably, fruit set increased with an increasing number of crop species in neighbouring fields and decreased with increasing agricultural area, that is, when nature is substituted with agriculture in the surrounding landscape. We also found positive correlations between edge density of an area and pollinator species richness and entomophilous crop production suggesting that edge density can be used as a landscape structure indicator to assess pollinator diversity. The effects of landscape structure were more pronounced in crops with high pollinator dependence, showing stronger relationships with both pollinator diversity and crop production. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining landscape heterogeneity through crop diversity and natural habitats to support pollinators and their services, though unmeasured factors such as intensification or local management may also play a role.</p
A martingale approach to noncommutative stochastic calculus
No full textWe present a new approach to noncommutative stochastic calculus that is, like the classical theory, based primarily on the martingale property. Using this approach, we introduce a general theory of stochastic integration and quadratic (co)variation for a certain class of noncommutative processes, analogous to semimartingales, that includes both the q-Brownian motions and classical matrix-valued Brownian motions. As applications, we obtain Burkholder–Davis–Gundy inequalities (with p ≥ 2 [jls-end-space/]) for continuous-time noncommutative martingales and a noncommutative Itô's formula for “adapted C2maps,” including trace ⁎-polynomial maps and operator functions associated to the noncommutative C2scalar functions R → C introduced by Nikitopoulos, as well as the more general multivariate tracial noncommutative C2functions introduced by Jekel, Li, and Shlyakhtenko.</p
Source-Free Domain Adaptation for Cross-Modality Cardiac Image Segmentation with Contrastive Class Relationship Consistency
No full textThis paper investigates source-free domain adaptation for cross-modality cardiac image segmentation. Source-free domain adaptation (SFDA) leverages a pretrained model from source domain knowledge and adapts it using target domain data to predict target image labels. While existing SFDA methods have demonstrated strong performance in various medical segmentation tasks, cross-modality cardiac segmentation remains challenging due to significant domain discrepancies between MRI and CT modalities, hindering effective knowledge transfer. Current SFDA approaches primarily focus on pseudo-label denoising through image-level and feature-level alignment, often overlooking class-level information derived from classifier outputs. This paper proposes a novel framework that constructs two class relationship matrices using predictions from a teacher-student model. These matrices are integrated into a contrastive learning framework through intra-view and inter-view pairs. The teacher-student architecture processes both original samples and their augmented counterparts, enforcing prediction consistency for robust adaptation. Simultaneously, our class-aware contrastive learning enhances discriminative capability for cardiac structures. Experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches by significant margins, particularly on the challenging CT → MR adaptation task.</p
Do probiotics enhance economic performance in prawn farming?
No full textPrawn farming faces significant challenges because of bacterial infections, inferior feed quality, and poor water quality, which reduce productivity and efficiency. Probiotics offer environmentally friendly solutions for enhancing productivity, efficiency, and sustainability. Consequently, this study examines whether the technical efficiency of prawn farmers differs between probiotic users and non-users. Data from 318 Bangladeshi farms were analyzed using meta-frontier Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to assess technical efficiency and Tobit regression to identify the factors influencing it. The results indicated that probiotic users were significantly more efficient, with an average technical efficiency score of 0.78, whereas non-users scored 0.64. Furthermore, the Tobit regression model showed that probiotics (applied to feed supplementation, disease control, and water/soil improvement) and socioeconomic factors (training and supplementary household income) significantly improved technical efficiency. These findings highlight probiotics as a sustainable alternative to other additives, such as antibiotics, to improve productivity and resilience in prawn farming
Structure-guided phage display discovery of antibodies for (S)Tn-glycans in protein context
No full textDeveloping high-affinity monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens such as Tn and STn on carrier proteins remains a major challenge in cancer therapy. These antigens, expressed as glycan-peptide epitopes (combotopes), require precise recognition for high specificity. Through structural studies, we found that VH domains of certain antibodies primarily recognize glycans, whereas VL domains bind peptide sequences. Using these insights, we developed a VH-focused and VL-diverse phage display library to discover mAbs with combotope-binding characteristics. Notably, structural analysis enabled us to convert Tn-specific mAbs into STn-specific mAbs through modification of VH complementarity-determining region 3, demonstrating the versatility of this approach. Our hypothesis was validated with glycoprotein targets MUC1 and CD43, yielding antibodies with high specificity and affinity. Furthermore, internalization studies using the parental antibody scaffold show efficient uptake by tumor cells, supporting its use in antibody-drug conjugates. This platform addresses the challenge of generating glycoform-specific antibodies for cancer therapy
Toward a Peircean-enriched Phenomenon-Based Classification - ontological foundations and semiotic mediations
No full textPurposePhenomenon-Based Classification (PBC) is an alternative to disciplinary taxonomies that structures information around real-world phenomena. It has been critiqued for lacking a robust ontological foundation and implicitly endorsing naïve essentialism. This paper proposes a Peircean perspective to provide a coherent philosophical framework that addresses these shortcomings.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on Charles Sanders Peirce’s categories of Firstness, Secondness and Thirdness as well as his semiotic and metaphysical doctrines. It explores how Peirce’s philosophy can enrich and reconcile two major methodologies relevant for PBC: facet analysis and domain analysis. The Integrative Levels Classification (ILC) system is examined as a concrete implementation of PBC and interpreted through a Peircean lens.FindingsThe paper concludes that a Peircean-inspired PBC can avoid the pitfalls of essentialism while preserving a commitment to realism and interdisciplinary coherence. The proposed triadic, realist and interpretive framework enriches and reconciles facet and domain analysis, strengthening the ontological foundations of PBC.Originality/valueThe paper provides a novel theoretical grounding for PBC, addressing a significant critique in the literature. It outlines the theoretical and methodological implications of this approach, demonstrating its value for designing more robust and coherent knowledge organization systems for interdisciplinary research and digital environments