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Selenium supplementation in individuals with newly diagnosed Graves' hyperthyroidism:a double-blind, multi-centre RCT
No full textPURPOSE: We examined the effect of selenium vs placebo on remission rate and quality of life (QoL) in the Graves' selenium supplementation (GRASS) trial (ID: NCT01611896).METHODS: Double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multi-centre trial in individuals with newly diagnosed Graves' hyperthyroidism randomised to daily supplementation with 200 μg selenium or placebo tablets during 24-30 months, depending on the timing of antithyroid drug (ATD) withdrawal. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants with non-remission, defined as receiving ATD or remaining hyperthyroid (thyroid stimulating hormone <0.1 mIU/L) during the last 12 months of the intervention period or referral to ablative therapy (radioactive iodine or surgery). QoL was serially assessed by the thyroid-related patient-reported outcome ThyPRO and compared with previously collected norm data.RESULTS: Between Dec 7th 2012 and Dec 3rd 2018, 430 participants with Graves' hyperthyroidism were recruited. Non-remission was observed in 114 (53.3%) participants in the placebo group and 118 (54.6%) in the selenium group (OR = 1.0 (95% CI: 0.7-1.5); P = 0.98). There was no beneficial effect of selenium, as compared with placebo, on any ThyPRO scale. The participants' QoL at the end of the study was comparable to that of the general population sample. Thyrotropin receptor antibody levels were similar in the groups at the 18-month and end-of-study follow-up visits.CONCLUSION: In individuals with newly diagnosed Graves' hyperthyroidism, daily supplementation with selenium did not have any effects compared with placebo as add-on to standard antithyroid drugs. The GRASS trial findings do not support the use of selenium supplementation in Graves' hyperthyroidism.</p
Nutritional and lifestyle supportive care recommendations for management of obesity with GLP-1 - based therapies:An expert consensus statement using a modified Delphi approach
No full textBackgroundLiraglutide, semaglutide and tirzepatide have transformed the management of obesity. However, dose-related gastrointestinal effects, obesity-associated nutritional insufficiencies, and poor long-term adherence may limit their long-term health benefits. Despite a recent joint advisory summarizing nutritional and lifestyle supportive care priorities with these therapies, there is still a significant lack of direct evidence to guide clinical practice, making consensus-based recommendations necessary.MethodsThe consensus statement development was based on an initial scoping review that included searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Medline for relevant scientific publications from January 1, 2021 through June 30, 2025. An international multidisciplinary panel consisting of physicians, clinical researchers, and dietitians employed a modified Delphi process to develop clinical practice recommendations for nutritional and lifestyle strategies that may assist people on glucagon-like peptide 1 based therapies (GBT) in optimizing treatment experience and improving health outcomes.ResultsA total of 52 consensus statements were developed, outlining key considerations for the practical management of obesity and associated complications with GBTs, with a focus on nutritional factors in relation to obesity, body composition, physical activity, and the management of common gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and constipation. The consensus statements include practical strategies supporting the weight loss journey, from before starting a GBT, during the weight loss and weight maintenance phases, and in case of GBT discontinuation. The statements were primarily derived from indirect evidence, including from existing evidence and established guidelines for nutrition therapy in bariatric medicine and relevant clinical experience.ConclusionsThese expert consensus recommendations offer healthcare professionals practical guidance on nutritional and lifestyle interventions for patients undergoing GBT-related weight management, complementing current recommendations. Further direct evidence is urgently required to inform and enhance optimal clinical care.Background: Liraglutide, semaglutide and tirzepatide have transformed the management of obesity. However, dose-related gastrointestinal effects, obesity-associated nutritional insufficiencies, and poor long-term adherence may limit their long-term health benefits. Despite a recent joint advisory summarizing nutritional and lifestyle supportive care priorities with these therapies, there is still a significant lack of direct evidence to guide clinical practice, making consensus-based recommendations necessary. Methods: The consensus statement development was based on an initial scoping review that included searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Medline for relevant scientific publications from January 1, 2021 through June 30, 2025. An international multidisciplinary panel consisting of physicians, clinical researchers, and dietitians employed a modified Delphi process to develop clinical practice recommendations for nutritional and lifestyle strategies that may assist people on glucagon-like peptide 1 based therapies (GBT) in optimizing treatment experience and improving health outcomes. Results: A total of 52 consensus statements were developed, outlining key considerations for the practical management of obesity and associated complications with GBTs, with a focus on nutritional factors in relation to obesity, body composition, physical activity, and the management of common gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and constipation. The consensus statements include practical strategies supporting the weight loss journey, from before starting a GBT, during the weight loss and weight maintenance phases, and in case of GBT discontinuation. The statements were primarily derived from indirect evidence, including from existing evidence and established guidelines for nutrition therapy in bariatric medicine and relevant clinical experience. Conclusions: These expert consensus recommendations offer healthcare professionals practical guidance on nutritional and lifestyle interventions for patients undergoing GBT-related weight management, complementing current recommendations. Further direct evidence is urgently required to inform and enhance optimal clinical care.</p
Exploration of the relevance and comprehensibility of the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Sexual Health Questionnaire among Danish young adults aged 18-39:a national cross-sectional study
No full textBackgroundThe EORTC Sexual Health Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-SH22) assesses sexual health-related quality of life in adult cancer patients. However, it may not fully address age-dependent issues in young adults aged 18–39 at diagnosis. This study aimed to explore the questionnaire’s relevance and comprehensibility for young adults with cancer and identify topics needing elaboration or missing.Methodology: inthis cross-sectional study 60 young adults with cancer across treatment stages rated item relevance on a Likert scale and gave qualitative feedback through a “think-aloud” process and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative analyses examined item relevance using mean scores and predefined thresholds. Qualitative data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsTwenty-one of the 22 items were rated relevant. Participants suggested refining wording to improve comprehensibility. Interviews indicated a need to expand coverage of intimacy, communication with professionals, body changes and body image, and partnership. Missing topics included singlehood, cancer before sexual debut, contraception and fertility, and gender diversity.ConclusionsThe EORTC QLQ-SH22 is relevant for young adults with cancer but may be improved through clearer wording, elaboration of key topics, and inclusion of missing items. An international content validity study in this population is recommended to guide future development.BACKGROUND: The EORTC Sexual Health Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-SH22) assesses sexual health-related quality of life in adult cancer patients. However, it may not fully address age-dependent issues in young adults aged 18–39 at diagnosis. This study aimed to explore the questionnaire’s relevance and comprehensibility for young adults with cancer and identify topics needing elaboration or missing.METHODOLOGY: IN: this cross-sectional study 60 young adults with cancer across treatment stages rated item relevance on a Likert scale and gave qualitative feedback through a “think-aloud” process and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative analyses examined item relevance using mean scores and predefined thresholds. Qualitative data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.RESULTS: Twenty-one of the 22 items were rated relevant. Participants suggested refining wording to improve comprehensibility. Interviews indicated a need to expand coverage of intimacy, communication with professionals, body changes and body image, and partnership. Missing topics included singlehood, cancer before sexual debut, contraception and fertility, and gender diversity.CONCLUSIONS: The EORTC QLQ-SH22 is relevant for young adults with cancer but may be improved through clearer wording, elaboration of key topics, and inclusion of missing items. An international content validity study in this population is recommended to guide future development.SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41687-025-00988-w.</p
Hierarchical porosity and electrolyte compatibility in carbon-based supercapacitors:Structure-performance relationship
No full textSupercapacitors are pivotal for high-power energy storage, yet their energy density is governed by the complex interplay between electrode porosity and electrolyte properties. This study reveals how hierarchical porosity dictates the electrochemical performance of carbon-based electrodes-activated carbon from coconut shell (ACMag), commercial activated carbon (ACNag), and reduced graphene oxide (rGOag)-in aqueous (KOH) and deep eutectic solvent (ChClEG) electrolytes. We demonstrate that ACNag, with its hierarchical slit-shaped pores, delivers superior and stable performance (34F/g, 15.6 Omega cm2 in ChClEG). Conversely, ACMag's "ink-bottle" pores cause ion-trapping and higher resistance, while rGOag exhibits extreme electrolyte dependence, excelling in KOH (68 F/g) but failing in viscous ChClEG (8 F/g) due to inadequate porosity. By integrating electrochemical, structural (BET, SEM), and chemical (TG-FTIR-MS) analyses, we establish that optimal capacitance arises from a synergy of electric double-layer formation and surface-mediated pseudocapacitance. Quasi-elastic neutron scattering further shows efficient charge storage occurs via rapid ion diffusion or localized, surface-confined processes. Our findings prove that tailoring hierarchical slit-pores is paramount for balancing ion confinement and accessibility, providing a critical design principle for advanced supercapacitors in renewable energy and high-power applications
Effect of milk pH during heating on gelation and textural properties of heat and acid-induced milk gels
No full textThe aggregation of whey proteins and their interaction with casein micelles during milk heat treatment is influenced by the pH of milk during heating. These interactions are expected to influnce the textural properties of acid and heat-induced gels, even though all gels are formed at pH of 5.2. In this study, the influence of pre-heating milk at pH between 6.1 and 6.9 on composition, structure and texture of acid and heat–induced gels was studied. Gels produced from milk at higher pH (6.7 and 6.9) retained more moisture, had lower calcium content, and yielded higher recovery, while gels produced from milk at lower pH (6.1 and 6.35) exhibited significantly higher Young's modulus and hardness. Conversely, gels at pH 6.9 were more springy, brittle, and cohesive despite their lower firmness. Gel network formation was mainly governed by electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bridges and calcium bridges. As pH increased, enhanced electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding were accompanied by notable secondary structural transitions marked by decreases in α-helix and β-sheet content, increases in β-turns, and stable random coil levels—resulting in weaker protein networks. Minor pH adjustments prior to heating can profoundly affect protein aggregation, network assembly, and textural properties.</p
The influence of phytase on the solubility of storage proteins in rapeseed press cake
No full textRapeseed ( Brassica napus subsp. napus ) protein is gaining attention as a sustainable alternative protein source to animal derived proteins. Its utilization as a food ingredient for human consumption is hindered by the presence of phytic acid, or inositol hexaphosphate, an anti-nutritional factor that binds minerals and reduces protein solubility. This study investigates the effect of enzymatic hydrolysis of phytic acid, using phytase (12 U/mL) and phosphatase (0.44 U/mL), on the solubility of the two primary rapeseed storage proteins, cruciferin and napin. Rapeseed press cake was extracted in water (1:20 w / v ) and incubated with enzymes for 60 min at 40 °C, followed by pH adjustment across a pH range of 4–9. Reversed-phase HPLC analysis confirmed that phytase treatment significantly ( p ≤ 0.05) improved cruciferin solubility at pH 4 by up to 600 % by disrupting protein-phytate complexes, while napin solubility showed a minor, non-significant increase ( p > 0.05). Additionally, ICP-OES analysis of minerals (Ca, K, Na, Mg, P and S) showed that phytase hydrolysis significantly increased soluble phosphorus, enhancing its bioavailability. These findings suggest that phytase treatment enhances the functional properties of rapeseed protein, improving its dispersion and solubility, and positioning it as a promising candidate for use in plant-based food formulations.</p
Mepolizumab treatment is associated with physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness irrespective of endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps:a randomised controlled trial
No full textBackground: Cardiorespiratory fitness is a strong predictor of life expectancy and all-cause mortality. Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) often experience reduced physical activity levels due to nasal obstruction and high disease burden Objective: To evaluate whether mepolizumab, with or without sinus surgery, is associated with changes in habitual physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness. Methods: In this randomized trial (NCT05598814), 58 adults with severe CRSwNP were randomized (1:1) to receive either sinus surgery with mepolizumab (FESS) or mepolizumab alone (nonFESS). Inclusion criteria included CRS symptoms, nasal polyp score (NPS) ≥4, SNOT-22 score > 35, signs of type 2 inflammation, and prior functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Patients received 100 mg of mepolizumab every four weeks for six months. No exercise was prescribed, though participants were aware activity was being tracked. Physical activity (step count), fitness score (VO2max/kg), and disease burden were assessed at baseline and follow-up. Results: The FESS (n = 29) and nonFESS (n = 29) groups had a mean age of 52 (14) years, with 74% male participants. Both groups demonstrated significant increases in VO2max (FESS: +1.95 ml/min/kg, +6%, p < 0.001; nonFESS: +1.50 ml/min/kg, +5%, p < 0.001) and daily step count (FESS: +1117 steps, p < 0.001; nonFESS: +1087 steps, p = 0.001). SNOT-22 scores decreased significantly in both groups, with greater improvement in the FESS group (−42 vs. −32 points, p = 0.040). Conclusion: Mepolizumab was associated with improvement in physical activity, fitness, and quality of life. FESS provided additional quality-of-life benefits but did not further enhance fitness outcomes.</p
Ultra-processed foods and CKD:a review of evidence, limitations, and future directions
No full textPurpose of review To critically examine the emerging evidence linking ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption to chronic kidney disease (CKD), with a particular focus on prevention strategies, biological mechanisms, and implications for dietary guidelines and public health policy.Recent findings Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses consistently report a positive association between high UPF consumption and CKD risk. Mechanistic insights suggest roles for food additives, altered nutrient bioavailability, and inflammatory pathways, while omics-based studies offer preliminary biomarker candidates. The KDIGO 2024 guidelines now emphasize dietary interventions, including reduced UPF consumption, as a core component of CKD management.Summary The findings support limiting UPF consumption as part of CKD prevention strategies. Nonetheless, the evidence base is largely derived from overlapping observational studies, with limited original research published in the considered timeframe. Moreover, the scarcity of recent original studies, methodological inconsistencies in UPF classification and CKD outcome definitions, highlight the urgent need for further research and standardization of approaches. Integrating precision nutrition and validated biomarkers into nephrology could enhance individualized dietary recommendations and public health interventions.PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To critically examine the emerging evidence linking ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption to chronic kidney disease (CKD), with a particular focus on prevention strategies, biological mechanisms, and implications for dietary guidelines and public health policy. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses consistently report a positive association between high UPF consumption and CKD risk. Mechanistic insights suggest roles for food additives, altered nutrient bioavailability, and inflammatory pathways, while omics-based studies offer preliminary biomarker candidates. The KDIGO 2024 guidelines now emphasize dietary interventions, including reduced UPF consumption, as a core component of CKD management. SUMMARY: The findings support limiting UPF consumption as part of CKD prevention strategies. Nonetheless, the evidence base is largely derived from overlapping observational studies, with limited original research published in the considered timeframe. Moreover, the scarcity of recent original studies, methodological inconsistencies in UPF classification and CKD outcome definitions, highlight the urgent need for further research and standardization of approaches. Integrating precision nutrition and validated biomarkers into nephrology could enhance individualized dietary recommendations and public health interventions.</p
Diffuse gamma-ray and neutrino emission from the Milky Way and the local knee in the cosmic ray spectrum
No full textThe LHAASO observatory has recently measured details of the cosmic-ray (CR) spectrum in the knee region (1-10 PeV) with unprecedented precision, including its average CR mass composition and the spectrum of the proton component. We use these precision measurements, combined with direct measurements of CRs by space-based detectors, to derive predictions for the spectrum of diffuse 7-ray and neutrino emission from the interstellar medium under the assumption that the CR spectrum is universal throughout the Milky Way. We compare these predictions with the Fermi-LAT and LHAASO measurements of the diffuse 7-ray flux from inner and outer Galactic plane regions and with estimates of the neutrino flux based on the IceCube data for the same Galactic plane regions. We notice that the model predictions exceed LHAASO 7-ray measurements at energies above 100 TeV. This excess can be interpreted within a CR knee model assuming a "local PeV CR bubble." Within this model, we infer the extension of the local PeV CR bubble of 1.1 + 0.2 kpc in the direction of the inner Galaxy and of 0.5 + 0.3 kpc toward the outer Galaxy
Zoonotic nematode larvae in Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) from Greenlandic waters: Occurrence, fillet distribution and association with mushy halibut syndrome.
No full textNematode larvae in fillets detected, identified to species level and their distribution described