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Diagnosing electron-neutrino lepton number crossings in core-collapse supernovae:A comparison of methods
No full textNoninvertible symmetry-enriched quantum critical point
No full textNoninvertible symmetry generalizes traditional group symmetries, advancing our understanding of quantum matter, especially one-dimensional gapped quantum systems. In critical lattice models, it is usually realized as emergent symmetries in the corresponding low-energy conformal field theories. In this Letter, we study critical lattice models with the noninvertible Rep(D8) symmetry in one dimension. This leads us to another class of quantum critical points (QCPs), noninvertible symmetry-enriched QCPs, as a generalization of known group symmetry-enriched QCPs. They are realized as phase transitions between one noninvertible symmetry-protected topological phase and another different one or spontaneous symmetry-breaking phase. We identify their low-energy properties and topological features through the Kennedy-Tasaki duality transformation. We argue that distinct noninvertible symmetry-enriched QCPs cannot be smoothly connected without a phase transition or a multicritical point
Inventorying Data:Circumvented Investment Conditions by Big Tech’s Supply Chain Capitalism
No full textThe capital success of multinational tech companies is usually understood to be a result of innovative business models that offer free user access to digital services in return for data. This article shows that besides platformization, the political, economic, and cultural embedding of multinational tech companies depends on the specific ways in which datacenters are established locally. Our ethnographic study of a hyperscale datacenter demonstrates that major local capital investment made it possible for Meta to establish itself as a data producing company in Denmark. Investment conditioned on local political trust in industrial integrity is a process that makes the datacenter a site where data can become a product and thus capital value in the Big Tech supply chain. We theorize this process as inventorying. Implications of the analysis are twofold: First, the concept of inventorying extends the understanding of how data become valuable beyond platformization as it highlights the social, cultural, and political context that continues to enable monopolization of the digital economy. Second, it shows how even a heavily regulated welfare state has few mechanisms to hold big tech companies accountable in terms of their promises of democratic, sustainable, and welfare-political engagements
Opmærksomhedspunkter ved udsætning af elg, bison og krondyr i naturnationalparker
No full textEn analyse af fritekst-svar fra en national spørgeskemaundersøgelse om naturnationalparker viser, at udsætning af større græssende dyr kræver et stort informationsarbejde, særligt om dyrenes plads i den danske natur og sikkerheden ved at færdes blandt dyrene.En analyse af fritekst-svar fra en national spørgeskemaundersøgelse om naturnationalparker viser, at udsætning af større græssende dyr kræver et stort informationsarbejde, særligt om dyrenes plads i den danske natur og sikkerheden ved at færdes blandt dyrene
"Have we ever heard about Ukrainians causing trouble?" How integration workers in Denmark make sense of the Special Act on Displaced Ukrainians
No full textRestrictive Danish asylum and integration policies were disrupted when, in March 2022, special acts on displaced Ukrainians were launched. Based on narrative interviews with 17 integration workers across four Danish municipalities, and a supplementary documentary assemblage, this article explores how implicated integration workers handled the softer approach to Ukrainians within broader affective economies of the Danish welfare state. It identifies three white ‘sensemakings’: one that counters differential treatment and racialises Ukrainians; another that acknowledges special treatment by reference to proximity, Europeanness and likeness as whiteness; and a third that evades issues of racism and invests in white innocence to focus on organising discriminatory practices. The analysis points to integration work’s ambiguous role in operating the welfare state’s practices of inequality and relational racialisation: malleable racialised denigration of refugeeness and white flexibility that expose some groups to state violence while welcoming and protecting others.Restrictive Danish asylum and integration policies were disrupted when, in March 2022, special acts on displaced Ukrainians were launched. Based on narrative interviews with 17 integration workers across four Danish municipalities, and a supplementary documentary assemblage, this article explores how implicated integration workers handled the softer approach to Ukrainians within broader affective economies of the Danish welfare state. It identifies three white ‘sensemakings’: one that counters differential treatment and racialises Ukrainians; another that acknowledges special treatment by reference to proximity, Europeanness and likeness as whiteness; and a third that evades issues of racism and invests in white innocence to focus on organising discriminatory practices. The analysis points to integration work’s ambiguous role in operating the welfare state’s practices of inequality and relational racialisation: malleable racialised denigration of refugeeness and white flexibility that expose some groups to state violence while welcoming and protecting others
Proglucagon-derived Peptides:Human Physiology and Therapeutic Potential
No full textProglucagon-derived peptides represent a class of peptide hormones derived from the proglucagon precursor. These peptides, including glucagon, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) and oxyntomodulin, exert diverse effects on several aspects of human physiology, ranging from glucose, lipid and protein metabolism to appetite regulation, nutrient absorption and gastrointestinal motility. Their actions are mediated by distinct G protein-coupled receptors, influencing endocrine, neuroendocrine, and metabolic processes, and over recent decades, the proglucagon-derived peptides have emerged as central players in the management of metabolic and gastrointestinal diseases. Glucagon has long been recognized for its role in treating hypoglycemia, while GLP-1 receptor agonists have revolutionized the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity due to their glucose-lowering, appetite-suppressing, and cardiovascular protective effects. GLP-2 analogues offer targeted therapy for short bowel syndrome, addressing critical needs in this nutrient malabsorptive condition. This clinical review provides an exploration of the human physiology of the proglucagon-derived peptides, their involvement in pathophysiology, and their therapeutic applications. We discuss advancements in mono- and multi-receptor agonists from a clinical perspective that leverage combined actions and explore future perspectives, including novel indications.</p
Circulating fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP-4) concentrations and mortality in individuals with colorectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study
No full textHuman fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP-4), a protein elevated in obesity that promotes colon cancer cell invasiveness and metastasis, may be associated with higher mortality in individuals with colorectal cancer (CRC) and may serve as a mediator of the obesity–mortality association in these individuals. We used a causal diagram to inform covariate selection and applied Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for CRC-specific, non-CRC-specific, and all-cause mortality by FABP-4 levels measured in baseline blood samples from 1371 incident CRC cases from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. Competing risk analyses were adapted for CRC and non-CRC deaths. Mediation analyses were conducted to estimate total effects (TEs), direct effects (DEs), and mediation proportions (MPs) by FABP-4 of pre-diagnostic body mass index (BMI) on mortality. In the fully adjusted model including BMI, higher circulating FABP-4 concentrations were associated with higher CRC mortality (HRQ4vsQ1 = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.11–2.00) and all-cause mortality (HRQ4vsQ1 = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.15–1.93), but not statistically associated with non-CRC mortality (HRQ4vsQ1 = 1.51; 95% CI: 0.82–2.76). The TE and DE per 5 kg/m2 of BMI on all-cause mortality were 1.21; 95% CI: 1.10–1.34, and 1.13; 95% CI: 1.02–1.26, respectively, with a MP of 34.5% (p =.002) by FABP-4. For CRC-specific and non-CRC-specific mortality, MPs by FABP-4 were 33.7% (p =.03) and 36.1% (p =.02), respectively. In conclusion, higher concentrations of FABP-4 were associated with higher CRC-specific and all-cause mortality in individuals with CRC. FABP-4 was a significant partial mediator of the adiposity-mortality relationship in individuals with CRC.</p
Thyroid Volume Measurement With AI-Assisted Freehand 3D Ultrasound Compared to 2D Ultrasound — A Clinical Trial
No full textBackground: Accurate thyroid volume assessment is critical in thyroid disease diagnostics, yet conventional high-resolution 2D ultrasound has limitations. Freehand 3D ultrasound with AI-assisted segmentation presents a potential advancement, but its clinical accuracy requires validation. Method: This prospective clinical trial included 14 patients scheduled for total thyroidectomy. Preoperative thyroid volume was measured using both 2D ultrasound (ellipsoid method) and freehand 3D ultrasound with AI segmentation. Postoperative thyroid volume, determined via the water displacement method, served as the reference standard. Results: The median postoperative thyroid volume was 14.8 mL (IQR 8.8–20.2). The median volume difference was 1.7 mL (IQR 1.2–3.3) for 3D ultrasound and 3.6 mL (IQR 2.3–6.6) for 2D ultrasound (p = 0.02). The inter-operator reliability coefficient for 3D ultrasound was 0.986 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: These findings suggest that freehand 3D ultrasound with AI-assisted segmentation provides superior accuracy and reproducibility compared to 2D ultrasound and may enhance clinical thyroid volume assessment. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05510609.</p
MRI lesion distribution criteria for MS, NMOSD and MOGAD differentiation:a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackground Multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) can share similar features, posing diagnostic challenges. In this study, we identified sets of conventional MRI lesion distribution criteria proposed for disease differentiation and investigated their clinical utility. Methods We searched five electronic databases for English-written and peer-reviewed diagnostic accuracy studies that included brain MRI at least. Hierarchical and univariate random-effects logistic regression models were employed for diagnostic accuracy meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was explored with subgroup analyses. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADEpro tool. Results Three sets of criteria (’Matthews’,’Cacciaguerra’,’MS lesion checklist’) were investigated in 11 studies (2008 patients; MS, n=1037; NMOSD, n=842; MOGAD, n=129), with low applicability concerns. Overall pooled sensitivity and specificity of the Matthews brain MRI criteria (MS vs seropositive-NMOSD differentiation) were 0.92 (0.86 to 0.96) and 0.85 (0.79 to 0.90), respectively, with higher diagnostic values in non-Caucasian populations and during follow-up. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of the Cacciaguerra brain-spinal cord criteria (seropositive-NMOSD vs MS differentiation) were 0.96 (0.76 to 0.99) and 0.83 (0.71 to 0.90), respectively. The MS lesion checklist (MS vs NMOSD/ MOGAD differentiation) had lower diagnostic accuracy measures (sensitivity, specificity: 0.74, 0.79, respectively). The Matthews criteria provided the strongest moderate certainty evidence and also showed high pooled diagnostic accuracy for MS versus seronegative-NMOSD (sensitivity: 0.93 (0.84 to 0.97)); specificity: 0.90 (0.80 to 0.95)) and for MS versus MOGAD differentiation (sensitivity: 0.86 (0.81 to 0.90); specificity: 0.87 (0.76 to 0.93)). Conclusions Lesion distribution criteria can accurately discriminate between MS, NMOSD and MOGAD. Further optimised validation studies, and revisions or extensions may support sustained implementation.</p