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Measures of left atrial function and risk of incident atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
No full textBACKGROUND: Measures of left atrial (LA) function have demonstrated prognostic value in relation to incident atrial fibrillation.AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between measures of LA function and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation (AF) in outpatients with HFrEF.METHODS: Subjects were retrospectively included from a HF clinic and followed using the Danish National Patient Registry. Measures included LA emptying fraction (LAEF), peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS), and peak atrial contractile strain (PACS). Prognostic value was assessed with Cox proportional hazards regressions. Effect modification by sex, valve disease, and LA enlargement was assessed using interaction terms.RESULTS: The final study population consisted of 452 subjects (mean age 65.5±11.8 years, male sex 70.1%) free from AF at baseline. During a median follow-up of 9.4 years [IQR: 5.2, 12.7], 118 (26.1%) developed AF. These subjects exhibited higher LAVi, while LAEF, PALS, and PACS were all significantly lower. All three measures of LA function were significantly associated with incident AF in univariable and adjusted Cox regression analysis (Adjusted analysis: LAEF: HR 1.03 per 1% decrease, 95% CI 1.02-1.04, p=0.009, PALS: HR 1.06 per 1% decrease, 95% CI 1.04-1.09, p=0.037, PACS: HR 1.07 per 1% decrease, 95% CI 1.03-1.10, p=0.021). The prognostic value of LAEF was modified by sex and valve disease (p for interaction=0.007 and 0.041, respectively), while the value of PACS was modified by valve disease (p for interaction=0.011).CONCLUSION: Impaired PALS, LAEF, and PACS were all associated with an increased risk of incident AF in outpatients with HFrEF.</p
Solar-blind ultraviolet β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> phototransistor for logic and secure optical communication applications
No full textThis work presents the fabrication of a high-performance solar-blind phototransistor based on a β-Ga2O3 thin film with a ring-shaped gate electrode, featuring a high-κ Al2O3 gate dielectric layer. Under 255 nm ultraviolet (UV) illumination, the device exhibits a high specific detectivity (D*) of 5.26 × 1014 Jones, a photo-to-dark current ratio of 7.11 × 105, a responsivity (R) of 4.01 A/W, and a UV-to-visible rejection ratio of 6 × 102. In addition, by using the gate voltage and solar-blind UV light as inputs and adjusting the source-drain voltage, switchable Not OR and Not AND (NAND) logic functions are achieved, with the source-drain current as the output. Based on the NAND logic operation, the gate voltage serves as a key to encrypt input signals, enabling secure optical communication. These results provide an appropriate approach for implementing secure optical communication based on Ga2O3 phototransistors.</p
Increased use of caesarean sections in pedigree dogs - A study based on data from the Danish Kennel Club 2013-2022
No full textDystocia is a common problem in dogs. It is often resolved by emergency caesarean section, which is an invasive procedure that poses a risk to the dam and her puppies, and can cause postoperative discomfort. The risk of death to both puppies and dams can be decreased by elective caesarean section in bitches with a high risk of dystocia. However, if elective caesarean sections lead to the continual breeding of bitches unable to give birth vaginally, the prevalence of dystocia is likely to increase. The aim of this study was to follow the prevalence of caesarean section in pedigree dogs registered in the Danish Kennel Club from 2013 to 2022 (n = 35,121 litters). Specifically, the prevalence was examined for the total population of pedigree dogs (12.7 %-15.5 %), for brachycephalic breeds (37.6 %-40.1 %), and for five selected individual breeds. We observed an increase in the prevalence of caesarean sections from 2013 to 2020, while the prevalence was more stable during the period 2020-2022. Major differences in prevalence were observed between breeds and specifically between brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic breeds, with higher levels in the former. Recently imposed legal limits on the number of caesarean sections performed on each bitch in combination with breeding guidelines that account for breed and reproductive history may serve to lower the use of caesarean sections.</p
Untangling surgical gesture analysis — are we even speaking the same language? a systematic review
No full textBackground: Surgeons’ technical performance directly influences postoperative outcomes after surgery. Therefore, it is essential to develop the best methods for surgical quality. One method is surgical gesture analysis which can be used with AI models. Our objective was to conduct a systematic review to assess the current evidence for the use of surgical gesture use in minimally invasive surgery, including how surgical gestures have been defined and applied in the existing literature. Methods: A systematic literature review was performed on September 2nd, 2024, by searching four electronic databases. We identified studies examining minimally invasive surgical procedures assessed with any form of surgical gestures. The modified Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist was used for quality assessment and the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) criteria were used for assessment of risk of bias. The protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) prior to the systematic literature review (CRD42024487587). Results: A total of 75 studies were included. The objectives of the studies were assigned to three categories: engineering (n = 59), educational (n = 24), and clinical (n = 4) use of surgical gestures. Surgical gestures were used to assess the experience levels of the surgeons and to provide feedback. Only four studies examined whether surgical gestures could predict patient outcomes but found it was better than traditional clinical features. One-fourth of the studies failed to report on the methods of data collection, data source, and study subjects used. Conclusion: Surgical gesture analysis has the potential to be used for competency and quality assessment. However, the current literature lacks consensus on the terminology, study reporting methodology, and data granularity needed to develop solid AI models. This can delay the development and use of surgical gestures. Although using surgical gestures to predict patient outcomes is promising, the field is still in its early stages, and multi-disciplinary collaboration is essential for future research.</p
Dimensions of Inequality:Impacts on Growth, Governance, and Human Development
No full textInequality matters-and yet, despite an explosion of research and debate, it remains one of the most contested issues of our time. Is it rising or falling? Why do expert analyses often clash? And how can non-specialists make sense of the evidence? Too often, discussions focus narrowly on wealthy Western countries, overlooking also urgent realities in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.This book tackles those gaps, combining expert synthesis of the scholarly literature with new findings from @EQUAL, a major research consortium project spanning institutions in the Global North and South. Through vivid examples-particularly from Colombia, Ethiopia, Mozambique, South Africa, and Vietnam-it examines how inequality is measured, understood, and acted upon across diverse contexts.Rejecting one-size-fits-all solutions, it advocates nuanced, practical, and transformative approaches rooted in context, values, and evidence. Making complex research accessible, this open-access book equips readers with essential knowledge and tools to confront inequality worldwide
From Workflow to Flow of Work:Extending BPM Research with CSCW Agendas
No full textThis paper explores the differences and similarities between Business Process Management (BPM) and Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) research. The differences are embedded in the epistemological differences on office automation, workflow systems, and participant perspectives. The commonalities unfold in the interests and dedication to work practices, and thus, the paper suggests Flow of Work as an overall approach in how the fields can enrich each other in pursuing joint research agendas.</p
A Journey into Posthuman Feminism:through More-Than-(Hu)man Perspectives
No full textThe paper discusses the performative storytelling The Journey by Swedish-Samí artist Carola Grahn in terms of posthuman feminis
Pubertal timing and tempo and anxiety symptoms, disorders and treatments in Danish adolescents:A population-based follow-up study
No full textObjectiveEarlier pubertal timing has been associated with anxiety disorders in girls. Research in boys, and for pubertal tempo in both sexes, are sparse. We aimed to investigate associations between pubertal timing, tempo and anxiety outcomes in 13,208 adolescents from the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC).MethodsInformation on self-reported Tanner stages, age at menarche, first ejaculation, and voice break was collected half-yearly throughout puberty. Timing and tempo were modeled continuously and categorically (earlier/faster, average, later/slower). We investigated any anxiety disorder diagnosis from the Danish National Patient Register and self-reported social anxiety disorder (SAD) symptoms from the 18-year DNBC follow-up. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression.ResultsIn girls, earlier timing and faster tempo tended to be associated with a higher risk of any anxiety disorder diagnosis and self-reported SAD symptoms, whereas later timing and slower tempo appeared to be associated with a lower risk of self-reported SAD symptoms compared to average. Earlier timing of pubic hair development was associated with an OR of 1.49 (95 % CI: 1.05;2.11) for self-reported SAD symptoms, whereas later timing of breast development was associated with an OR of 0.69 (95 % CI: 0.38;1.23) for any anxiety disorder diagnosis compared to average. In boys, findings were inconsistent, with wide CIs crossing the null.ConclusionsIf earlier and faster puberty increases the risks of an anxiety disorder diagnosis and SAD symptoms, targeted interventions are warranted for girls with early/fast puberty and sub-clinical anxiety. Findings for boys need further exploration
