Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry (E-Journal - Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity)
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Krokot (Portulaca oleracea L) As a Natural Sensitizer for TiO2 Dye-sensitized Solar Cells: The Effect of Temperature Extract
Get PDFThe solar cell is formed by a sandwich structure, in which two electrodes flank the primary electrolyte that is containing redox I-/based on PEG (Polyethylene Glycol). The working-electrode which is TiO2 layer on an ITO glass substrate is sensitized with krokot dye as the electron donor. The counter electrode is a layer of carbon. The fabrication cell is immersed with the krokot dye with 40°C, 50°C, 60°C extract temperature. The result of the UV-Vis shows that the absorption of wave-length from dye extract of krokot is located in the visible region with the absorbance peak in 420,5 nm and 665,5 nm which are the peak of chlorophyll. For the UV-Vis solid system, there are the highest band gap  in 50°C extract temperature that make the capability of absorption toward UV spectrum is large. Furthermore, in the functional group analysed by FT-IR, there are shiften-carbonil and hydroxyl group after they are sensitized. From the current and voltage test with I-V meter keithley 2400 is resulted that on the 50°C extract temperature produces the highest efficiency of reaches which is 2.63 x 10-3 %
The Antidepressant Effects of (Arcangelisia flava (l.) Merr) Water-Soluble Extract in Balb-C Mice Reviewed from Immobility Time by Forced
Get PDFThis study was conducted to examine / determine the antidepressant effects of (Arcangelisiaflava L.) on immobility time of the white male mice strain Balb-c by the forced swim test method. The method of research using laboratory animals such as 25 micewas divided into 5 groups. As a negative control group was only given distilled water ad libitum. Amitryptiline was used as the positive control group; the experiment group was a water-soluble extract of A.flava by  multiple doses. The results showed that the best antidepressant effects were312 mg/kgBW ; it had a minimum of immobility time compared with the other groups
Substitution and Haplotype Diversity Analysis on The Partial Sequence of The Mitochondrial DNA Cyt b of Indonesian Swamp Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
Get PDFThis research aims to investigate the substitution pattern of nucleotide base and haplotype diversity of Indonesian swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) based on the mitochondrial DNA cyt b partial gene sequence. 17 samples were chosen from 7 different regions with each uniquely represents Indonesian biogeography which comprise Aceh, Riau, Madiun, Blitar, Lombok, South Borneo and Tana Toraja. The result of cyt b gene sequence alignment showed the presence of transition and transversion substitutions and the absence of insertion and deletion. The amount of transitions was found to be higher than that of transversions and the amount of substitution in pyrimidine was also higher than that in purine. The highest amount of transitions happened in base TÃ C which is a silent substitution. The result of median joining network analysis showed that Indonesian haplotype Bubalus bubalis could be classified into 16 haplotypes which form different haplogroups unique to their geographical region. The result of median joining network analysis also indicated that the genetic relationships of swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Indonesia are highly influenced by their geographical locations
A Discovery and Characteristics Description of Telosma puberula (Asclepiadoideae) in Mount Gedang Atas and Mount Ijo, Baturagung Mountain Yogyakarta
Get PDFPopulation of Telosma puberula in community forest bushes was identified at S.07.48'.44.1"; E.110.31.15.8", 411m, Mount Gedang Atas and S 070 04 '04.1"; E 1100 30 '47.9 ", 415m, Mount Ijo. Telosma puberula was also found in Mount Parangan, Mount Mintorogo, Mount Nglanggeran, and Baturagung Mountains Yogyakarta. The identification was based on herbarium specimens collected by Horsfield in 1802 and 1859 from Java island, Indonesia (K000873052, K000873053). Information about Telosma puberula is very limited. This article describe photographs of morphological characters of the plant’s stems, leaves, flowers, and pollinia
Effect of Lunasia amara Blanco on Sperm Number, Sperm Motility, and Testicular Histology of Male Rats
Get PDFSanrego (Lunasia amara), has been used in the folk medicine to increase and/or to treat male fertility. However there is no scientific evidence to confirm the positive effect of the plant on an improvement of male fertility. The objective of this research was to study the effects of the plant (on adult Sprague-Dawley male rats) at the doses of 30 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg, and 90 mg/kg on the sperm count, motility, and testicular histology. Administration were given by force-feeding between 10.00 am and 12.00 pm daily for a period of 42 days followed by sperm quality analysis and testicular histology evaluation. The sperm analysis showed that the sanrego increased the sperm count and sperm motility. The testicular histology also revealed positive effect of the plant on spermatogenesis.  Overall the present study showed the sanrego is potential plant to increase male fertility
Larvicidal Activity of The Mixture of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) and Aqueous Extract of Sapindus rarak DC Against Larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to evaluate the larvicidal activity of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) against the Culex quinque fasciatus in larval stage. The CNSL was diluted in water by addition of aqueous extract of Sapindus rarak DC to increase its solubility. Larvae were exposed to varying concentrations of that mixture. The larvae mortality was observed after 24 h exposure. LC50 and LC90 value by extrapolation were 20,52 ppm and 55,41 ppm respectively. CNSL were specified by characterizing its physico-chemical properties and anacardic acid as marker compound by High Performance Chromatography (HPLC). The results were the mixture of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) and Aquous extract of Sapindus rarak DC had larvicidal activity against Cx. Quinque-fasciatus and further investigations were needed to identify the fatty acid derivative as active compound of CNSL which responsible for larvicidal activity
The Effect of Water-Soluble Stem Extract “Kayu Kuning“ (Arcangelisia flava L.Merr) On The Growth Inhibition of Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Trichophyton mentagrophytes IN VITRO
Get PDF“Kayu kuning†(Arcangelisia flava L.Merr) was used when someone has a skin problem caused by Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Scientific based medicine on this traditional knowledge was necessary be done. Stem powderwas extracted by distilled water.The extract was then evaporated. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the active substance e.g., Berberin chloride by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) The antifungal activity againts Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophyteswere tested by using agar diffusion and microdilution methods. The absorbance from microdilution were analized by One way ANOVA. The conclusion showed that the extract contained 1.55±0.12% w/walkaloid calculated as Berberine chloride. The inhibition zone for Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes were 16.65±4.52 and 6.55±0.05 mm respectively. The MIC vallue for both fungi was 10 mg/mL.The MBC value for Candida albicans was 40 mg/mL and for Trichophyton mentagrophytes was 50 mg/mL. From the analysis with one-way ANOVA, shows that there are significant differences between the positive control group and the test solution with the negative control group with p=0.020 for Candida albicans and p=0.028 for Trichophyton mentagrophytes (p0.050
Ecopharmacognosy: Exploring The Chemical And Biological Potential Of Nature For Human Health
Get PDF“Why didn’t they develop natural product drugs in a sustainable manner at the beginning of this century?â€Â In 2035, when about 10.0 billion will inhabit Earth, will this be our legacy as the world contemplates the costs and availability of synthetic and gene-based products for primary health care? Acknowledging the recent history of the relationship between humankind and the Earth, it is essential that the health care issues being left for our descendants be considered in terms of resources. For most people in the world, there are two vast health care “gapsâ€, access to quality drugs and the development of drugs for major global and local diseases. Consequently for all of these people, plants, in their various forms, remain a primary source of health care. In the developed countries, natural products derived from plants assume a relatively minor role in health care, as prescription and over-the-counter products, even with the widespread use of phytotherapeutical preparations. Significantly, pharmaceutical companies have retrenched substantially in their disease areas of focus. These research areas do not include the prevalent diseases of the middle- and lower-income countries, and important diseases of the developed world, such as drug resistance. What then is the vision for natural product research to maintain the choices of drug discovery and pharmaceutical development for future generations? In this discussion some facets of how natural products must be involved globally, in a sustainable manner, for improving health care will be examined within the framework of the new term “ecopharmacognosyâ€, which invokes sustainability as the basis for research on biologically active natural products. Access to the biome, the acquisition, analysis and dissemination of plant knowledge, natural product structure diversification, biotechnology development, strategies for natural product drug discovery, and aspects of multitarget therapy and synergy research will be discussed. Options for the future will be presented which may be significant as countries decide how to develop approaches to relieve their own disease burden, and the needs of their population for improved access to medicinal agents
Larvicidal Effect of Vinca Fruit Extract (Vinca rosea) Against Aedes aegypti Larvae and Secondary Metabolites Profile by Thin Layer Chromatography
Get PDFBackground: Vinca rosea is known contain alkaloids, it was usually used to treat various diseases. Alkaloids from Vinca leaves are also already known have larvicidal activity. Based on this toxicological activity, the fruit of Vinca rosea was selected to investigation its larvicidal activity against the 3rd instar larvae of the mosquito vector of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) Aedes aegypti. Five concentrations of Vinca fruit extract were tested against the 3rd instar Aedes aegypti larvae. The different larval mortality percentages were recorded after 24 hours. Lethal concentration (LC50 anf LC90) of Vinca fruit extract were calculated using Probit analysis. Phytochemical compounds of ethanolic extract also investigated using Thin layer Chromatography (TLC). LC50 and LC90 values of fruit extract were 2.987 mg/ml and 32.861 mg/ml. Alkaloids were detected in extract