Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry (E-Journal - Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity)
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Antioxidant Capacity Comparison of Ethanolic Extract of Soursop (Annona muricata Linn.) Leaves and Seeds as Cancer Prevention Candidate
Get PDFAnnona muricata Linn. (soursop) is one of tropical plants which have relatively complete chemical compounds. It has flavonoid, tannin, phytosterol, alkaloid, etc. The high antioxidant compound in soursop is believed as cancer prevention so the cancer threat in the world can be minimized. The antioxidant compound in soursop can be found not only in its fruit, but also in other parts like leaves, seeds, etc. Based on that potency, this study aimed to compare antioxidant capacity of soursop leaves and seeds, also to study about the utilization of soursop parts which is usually not used. This research began with maceration to extract leaves and seeds with 96% ethanol. Ethanolic extract of soursop leaves and seeds were then tested for antioxidant capacity with DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. The result showed that antioxidant capacity of soursop leaves and seeds are 85,66875% and 39,0166, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of leaves is higher than seeds due to seed’s extraction difficulty so its antioxidant compound could not be extracted optimally. However, either leaves or seeds extract in this study are potential as antioxidant resources because there are no significant differences between antioxidant capacity of both extract
Analysis of Bull Sperm DNA Abnormalities Due to Cadmium Accumulation
Get PDFSperm abnormalities can occur by various causes. Abnormality of sperm is usually characterized by abnormal sperm motility and viability. This was caused by the inability of mitochondria on ATP-ase in producing ATP and ecto-enzyme Cik role in keeping the movement so that movement of sperm motility declines. Research that leads to total abnormal sperm DNA analysis is still rare. The purpose of this research was to get the results of the molecular characteristic picture of the overall characteristics of DNA loci that have abnormalities in bull sperm and get a picture of differences in overall DNA loci of abnormal and normal sperm. This research was conducted in October-December 2016. With the results of Group I consists of D, E with a percent similarity of 92.308%, group II consists of C and Group I with a percentage similarity of 50.125%, group II consists of A and B with a percent similarity of 100%, group II and group III with a percentage similarity of 0%. Based on the above data it can be concluded that the treatment A and B is not suspected to cause DNA damage compared to treatment C, D and E
Checklist of Flowering Plants (Magnoliophyta) of Mount Nglanggeran, Gunungkidul: Confirmation and Update of Flora of Java and APG III
Get PDFThis study aimed to collect data on the species plants in Mount Nglanggeran, to confirm and update the existence of these plants from Flora of Java book by Backer & Bakhuizen, and to showing the visual data of plant species in Nglanggeran Mountain. This research used survey method through in-situ visit and specimen collection. Monitoring and visits were conducted based on prediction of flowering period and fruit-bearing season. Eighty plant families of flowering plants were found in the mount Nglanggeran. Based on the phylogenetic arrangement of flowering plants it was found that all the main groups (clades) of flowering plants were found at this location
Clustering of 18 Local Black Rice Base on Total Anthocyanin
Get PDFBlack rice has a high anthocyanin content in the pericarp layer, which provides a dark purple color. Anthocyanin serve as an antioxidant that control cholesterol level in the blood, prevent anemia, potentially improve the body's resistance to disease, improve damage to liver cells (hepatitis and chirrosis), prevent impaired kidney function, prevent cancer/tumors, slows down antiaging, and prevent atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Exploration results at AIAT Yogyakarta, Indonesia from 2011 to 2014 obtained 18 cultivar of local black rice Indonesia. The names of the rice are related to the color (black, red or purple) formed by anthocyanin deposits in the pericarp layer, seed coat or aleuron. The objective of the study was to classify several types of local black rice from explorations based on the total anthocyanin content. The study was conducted by clustering analyzing the total anthocyanin content of 18 local black rice cultivars in Indonesia. Cluster analysis of total anthocyanin content were done using SAS ver. 9.2. Clustering dendogram shows that there were 4 groups of black rice cultivars based on the total anthocyanin content. Group I consists of Melik black rice, Patalan black rice, Yunianto black rice, Muharjo black rice, Ngatijo black rice, short life of Tugiyo black rice, Andel hitam 1, Jlitheng, and Sragen black rice. Group II consists of Pari ireng, Magelang black hairy rice, Banjarnegara-Wonosobo black rice, and Banjarnegara black rice. Group III consists of NTT black rice, Magelang non hairy black rice, Sembada hitam, and longevity Tugiyo black rice. Group IV consist only one type of black rice namely Cempo ireng. The grouping result indicate the existence of duplicate names among the black rice namely Patalan with Yunianto black rice, and short life Tugiyo with Andel hitam 1 black rice
Effect of Addition of Soursop Leaf Extract to Ganyong (Canna edulis Ker.) Starch Edible Film and its application in Red Grape Storage Time
Get PDFThis study aimed to determine the effect of addition of Soursop leaf extract to edible film and its effect on the storage time of red grapes. This research had three main steps, soursop leaf extraction, edible film making, and application on red grapes storage time. Soursop leaves extract variation used in this research are 0.5; 1; and 1.5% (w/w total) and the best result was used to coat the red grapes. The results showed that the optimum composition was obtained on the edible film with the addition of 0.5% (w/w total) soursop leaf extract. The composition increased film thickness from 0.03 to 0.08 mm, decreased film’s tensile strength from 11.89 to 8.42 MPa, decreased elongation from 12.71 to 11.03%, decreased the Young Modulus from 0.935 to 0.764 MPa, and decreased the vapor transmission rate from 7.45 to 6.55 g/m2.hour. The 50% shrinkage of weight and 50% texture damage are used as parameters to measure the Red grapes storage time. Based on weight shrinkage, red grapes storage time change from 24 days to 29 days by using an edible film coating without addition of extract, an extend to 32 days while using an edible film coating with addition of soursop leaf extract. Based on texture damage, red grapes storage time increased from 13 to 41 days if using an edible film coating without addition of extract, and increased to 40 days using an edible film coating with the addition of soursop leaf extract
Checklist of Macroalgae in Waisai Coast, Raja Ampat
Get PDFMacroalgae are very abundant organisms in Indonesian coastal zone. They comprise 8.6% of the total marine organisms.The aim of the research was to identify macroalgae in Waisai Coast Raja Ampat. The results showed that 38 macroalgae were found in Waisai Coast Raja Ampat but only 29 species of macroalgae can be identified. Macroalgae found in Waisai Coast Raja Ampat are green algae, red algae and brown algae. Green algae found and identified are Caulerpa macra (Weber-van Bosse) Draisma & Prud’homme, Caulerpa racemosa var. macrophysa (Sonder wx Kutzing) W.R.Taylor,  Caulerpa sertularoides (S. Gmelin) Howe f. brevipes (J. Agardh Svedilus), Caulerpa cupressoides (Vahl) C. Agardh, Halimeda discoidea Decaisne, Halimeda Opuntia (Linnaeus) J.V. Lamoroux, Halimeda tuna (J. Ellis & Solander) J.V. Lamoroux, Halimeda cylindraceae Decaisne, Halimeda macroloba Decaisne, Avrainvillea erecta (Berkeley) A. Gepp & E.S. Gepp, Codium geppiorum O.C.Schmidt, Boergesenia forbesii (Hardvey) Feldmann, Valonia ventricosa J. Agardh, Dictyosphaeria cavernosa (Forsskål) Børgesen, Chaetomorpha spiralisOkamura, Anadyomene wrightii Harvey ex. J. E. Gray, Neomeris annulata Dickie. Red algae species found and successfully identified areAcanthophora spicifera (M. Vahl) Børgesen, Laurencia papilosa (C. Agardh) Greville, Gracilaria salicornia (C. Agardh) E.Y. Dawson, Amphiora fragilissima (Linnaeus) J.V. Lamoroux, Hypnea pannosa J. Agardh. Brown algae species found and identified are Hormophysa cuneiformis (J.F. Gmelin) P.C. Silva, Sargassum aquifolium (Turner) C. Agardh, Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh, Turbinaria ornata (Turner) J. Agardh, Padina australis Hauck, Canistrocarpus cervicornis (Kutzing) De Paula & De Clerck Hydroclathrus clatratus (C. Agardh ) M. Howe. The only species found in Indonesia is Sargassum aquifolium
Local Stability Analysis of a Mathematical Model of the Interaction of Two Populations of Differential Equations (Host-Parasitoid)
Get PDFMathematical model has many benefits in life, especially the development of science and application to other fields. The mathematical model seeks to represent real-life problems formulated mathematically to get the right solution. This research is the application of mathematical models in the field of biology that examines the interaction of the two populations that host populations and parasitoid populations. This study differs from previous studies that examine the interaction of two more species that prey and predators where predators kill prey quickly. In this study the parasitoid population slowly killing the host population by living aboard and take food from the host population it occupies. In this study of differential equations are used to construct a mathematical model was particularly focused on the stability of the local mathematical model of interaction of two differential equations that host and parasitoid populations. Stability discussed in this study are stable equilibrium points are obtained from the characteristic equation systems of differential equations host and parasitoid interactions. Type the stability of the equilibrium point is determined on the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix. Analysis of stability is obtained by determining the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix around equilibrium points. Having obtained the stable equilibrium points are then given in the form of charts and portraits simulation phase to determine the behavior of the system in the future
