Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry (E-Journal - Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity)
Not a member yet
516 research outputs found
Sort by
Stability Analysis of Mathematical Modeling of Interaction between Target Cells and COVID-19 Infected Cells
Get PDFThe stability analysis in this mathematical model was related to the infection of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). In this mathematical model there were two balance points, namely the point of balance free from Covid-19 and the one infected with Covid-19. The stability of the equilibrium point was influenced by all parameters, i.e. target cells die during each cycle, number of target cells at  = 0, target cells infected during each cycle based on virion unit density, effective surface area of the network, the ratio of the number of virus particles to the number of virions, infected cells die during each cycle, the number of virus particles produced by each infected cell during each cycle, and virus particles die during each cycle. In the simulation model, immunity is divided into high, medium and low immunity. For high, moderate and low immunity, respectively, the highest number of target cells is in high, medium and low immunity, whereas for the number of infected cells and the number of Covid-19, it is in the opposite sequence of the number of target cells
Antibacterial Screening of Bacterial Isolates Associated with Mangrove Soil from the Ngurah Rai Mangrove Forest Bali
Get PDFIn this study we reported cultivation of bacteria associated with mangrove soil from the Ngurah Rai Mangrove Forest, Bali. Mangrove soil samples were serially diluted using sterile artificial seawater, spread onto Starch Casein M agar and incubated at 28oC for 28 days. Cultivation of mangrove soil samples yielded 165 bacterial colonies with 68 isolates were selected and purified based on different morphology. Of these 68 isolates, 22 isolates displayed antibacterial activities ranging from weak to strong inhibition against at least one of four bacterial indicators namely Staphyloccocus aureus, Streptococus mutans, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae using perpendicular streak method. Overall, 19 out of 22 bacteria isolates displayed weak antibacterial potential and two isolates exhibited moderate antibacterial activity. The isolate SA4 was the only bacterium with strong antibacterial potential with measured clear distance ≥ 10 mm against the four bacterial isolates. Sequence analysis based on 16S rRNA gene fragment assigned the isolate SA4 as Bacillus subtilis strain BIL/BS-168. Overall, this study confirmed the untapped potential of antibacterial activities from bacteria associated with mangrove soil
Antibacterial Activity of Mangrove Root Extracts from Ngurah Rai Mangrove Forest, Denpasar-Bali
Get PDFThe increasing rate of antimicrobial resistance in the past decades has motivated the search for novel antibacterial compounds to overcome infectious diseases. Among diverse natural sources, mangrove ecosystems offer untapped sources of biological active compounds for future antibacterial medicine. This research was aimed to evaluate antibacterial activities of crude extracts of four dominant mangrove plants from the Ngurah Rai Mangrove Forest namely Rhizophora mucronata, Avicennia marina, Rhizophora apiculata, and Sonneratia alba. Roots of these four plants were extracted using methanol, chloroform, and n-hexane. These crude extracts were tested against two Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans) and two Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli dan Klebsiella pneumoniae) by disc difussion assay. We found that 3 mg/mL of N-hexane crude extracts from R. apiculata yielded the highest zone of inhibition of 8.64 mm against S. aureus. While, 3 mg/mL of chloroform crude extract of R. apiculata yielded the highest inhibition of 19.83 mm against S. mutans. Unfortunately, no zone of inhibition was observed when crude extracts were tested against Gram negative indicator strains. Our results indicate that the root crude extracts of R. apiculata yielded the highest zone of inhibition against Gram positive indicator strains compared to root crude extracts of R. mucronata, S. alba, and A. marina. Further research is required to determine the antibacterial activities of the mangrove crude extracts against other bacterial indicator strains to determine their spectrum of activities
Extraction, Phenolic Content and Hydrogen Peroxide Scavenging Capacity of Extracts from Some Honey Samples, Propolis and Bee Pollen
Get PDFHoney and propolis is natural food, produced by honey bees (Apis mellifera) and largely used by the local population for its medicinal properties. Our work aims to extract and evaluate the hydrogen peroxide scavenging capacity of different phenolic extracts from some bee products. Phenolic compounds from honey samples, propolis, and bee pollen were extracted by methanol and subjected to radical scavenging activity towards hydrogen peroxide. The results showed the highest values for the total phenolic and total flavonoïd contents in propolis and bee pollen, and a great hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) inhibition (IC50: 0.205 - 2.210 µg/mL) with honey extracts, while sample “multiflower†is the better antioxidant, more than ascorbic acid used as control. The less scavenging activity was observed with the extract from bee pollen (IC50: 39.383 µg/mL). To combat the harmful effects of free radicals, especially reactive oxygen species including hydrogen peroxide, it is important to use phenolic extracts instead of using honey as it is, and extracts from the honey of different types are excellent antioxidants compared to other bee products
The Effect of Balimo (Zanthoxylum nitidum) Immersion Water On The Hematological Profile of White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) That Given Liquor (Ciu)
Get PDFConsumption of liquor such as Ciu in excessive doses can cause a decrease in hematological status. Balimo stem is an alternative treatment to improve hematological status due to excessive alcohol consumption because it contains alkaloids, flavonoids, and other secondary metabolic compounds, that have functions as antioxidant effects. This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of Balimo immersion water on the hematological status of mice with the observed variables, namely the erythrocytes count, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit value, and total count of leukocytes in rats that had been given Ciu. The study used 20 Rattus norvegicus male rats which were divided into 4 groups. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The results showed no significant differences (p <0.05) on the Balimo immersion water treatment, but if it was seen from the difference in the mean data of each variable, it could still be seen the difference from each treatment. In this study, it can be concluded that Balimo immersion water was able to improve the hematological status of rats that had been given Ciu liquor with a 0,2 mL dose
Ethnobotanical Study of Edible Plant Communities on the Slopes of Mount Merapi and Merbabu, Indonesia
Get PDFEthnobotany is a study of the interaction between local people and their natural environment, especially regarding the use of plants as food and medicinal ingredients. Edible plants are a daily basic need whose existence is a necessity for the people on the slopes of Mount Merapi and Merbabu. How to use plants is transferred from generation to generation to form a culture. The research was carried out in March-May 2020 with the aim of digging local knowledge about plants used as food, including staple food, vegetables and medicines by studying the species diversity, including the benefits of plant parts, habit, how to use, process and how to obtain these species. The data were collected by using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods with in-depth interviews through 40 respondents who were selected by purposive sampling. The results showed that the communities on the slopes of Mount Merapi and Merbabu used 74 plant species from 37 families as food sources. The favorite family is Fabaceae, followed by Zingiberaceae and Solanaceae. The most widely used habitus of plants were herbs (36.49%), followed by bush (28.38%), shrubs (18.92%) and trees (16.22%). Plant parts that are widely used are leaves (29.73%), fruit (17.57%), tubers (10.81%), seeds (9.46%), roots, rhizomes and flowers (6.76%), shoots (5.40%), stems (2.70%) and water, skin and heartwood (1.35%). The most common ways to use it are eaten raw as vegetables (29.73%), boiled (16.22%) and drink (12.16%). How to obtain it are through own cultivation (72.97%), and buying at the market (21.62%). The highest use values were Adas (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) (0.25), chili pepper (Capsicum annum L.) (0.20), turmeric (Curcuma dosmetica loir) and water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) (0.17). The highest importance values were rice (Oryza sativa L.) (5.23%), and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) (4.57%)
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. (red Hibiscus) Tea, Can It Be Used as A Home-Remedy to Control Diabetes and Hypercholesterolemia?
Get PDFAccording to traditional medicine, Hibiscus is used to treat hypertension, heart diseases and many other ailments. Commercially available Hibiscus tea is prepared with H. sabdariffa and is expensive. H. rosasinensis is the common variety which is abundant in tropical home-gardens, however the scientific data are lacking on the effects. The present review focuses on the available scientific data on the effects of H. rosasinensis on controlling diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. The endeavour was to identify whether H. rosasinensis flower petals as a ‘tea’ is effective for diabetic and hypercholesterolemic patients. Medical databases such as MEDLINE, BMC, BMJ, research gate, Mendelay literature search database, Google scholar and the general engine Google were searched from November 2018 to April 2019. Search was carried out using keywords such as “Hibiscus rosasinensisâ€, “antidiabetic effectsâ€, “antihyperlipidemic effectsâ€, “toxic effectsâ€, “anti-inflammatory effectsâ€, “phytochemicals in Hibiscus†etc. Data were critically analyzed to assess whether the effective doses of the research studies on a par with the doses present in H. rosasinensis teas. We found thirty-nine journal articles fulfilled the criteria. The data were categorized and extracted on uses of H. rosasinensis, anti-diabetic effects, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-hypercholesterolemic effects and its phytochemicals. The review revealed that the dose of H. rosasinensis petals present in a home-made Hibiscus tea is theoretically sufficient to elicit anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects. Home-made Hibiscus tea is effective in controlling diabetes and hypercholesterolemia without causing acute toxicity
Cover, Editorial Board, Guidance for Authors, & Table of Contents | Vol. 10 No. 2 October 2021
No full textA Physical Chemistry Study of Black Powder Materials by Solution Combustion Synthesis Method
Get PDFA study on the synthesis of black powder (La2NiO4) material using the solution combustion synthesis method at a variation of synthesis temperature of 60, 70, and 80°C was carried out. It produces a mass of black powder of 2 grams by four times of synthesis process. Then, material characterization was performed on the black powder samples obtained by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to determine the phases formed, Scanning Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) to determine the morphology and analyze the composition elemental on the microscale and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) to determine chemical bonds. From the whole black powder sample, XRD analysis showed the phases of Dilantanum Nickel Tetraoxide (La2NiO4), Nickel Oxide (NiO), Lanthanum Oxide (La2O3), and Lanthanum Oxide Ht x-form (La2O3 Ht (x-form)). In addition, it was seen from the visible compositions of the phases that the NiO phase looks more dominant and the variation of the synthesis temperature shows that the La2O3 phase was increasing. This was supported by the EDS analysis, which showed that the EDS spectrum contains elements La, Ni, and O where the element O indicates that oxidation occurs in the elements Ni and La. On the other hand, the SEM analysis results confirm that the black powder sample contains the elements La and Ni, based on the high and low electron images contained in the morphology of the black powder sample. In addition, it was also known that the particles in the black powder sample were micron size and had porous morphology. This occurs due to rapid thermal decomposition events and excessive gas development. In addition, FTIR analysis showed that the O-H bond had been reduced and there are still C-O and C-H bonds indicating the presence of organic elements possessed by glycine
Production and Optimization of Pectinase from Pectinolytic Fungi Cultivated on Mango peels and Pectin Subjected to Submerged Fermentation
Get PDFPectinases are the group of enzymes that degrade pectin. This study was conducted with the aim of isolation of efficient pectinase producing pectinolytic fungi from the decomposing mango peels using extracted mango peels pectin as a growth substrate under submerged fermentation, determining optimum pectinase production conditions with regards to some physicochemical parameters. The organisms were screened for the production of pectinase using Pectin agar media, and the two active pectinolytic fungi (P1 and P2) were isolated. pectinase production media was later used for the Lab scale production of pectinase by inoculating p1 and p2 and incubating for 7 days. The enzyme was extracted after seven days of fermentation and every day tested for their pectinolytic activity. P2 showed relatively higher pectinolytic activity and was therefore used for further studies. P2 was inoculated into a broth containing mango pectin under submerged fermentation. Results indicate that a pectin yield of mango peel 17.75%. Different parameters optimization processes were investigated on submerged fermentation namely pH, incubation period, temperature and substrate concentration optima were found 6, 4 days, 35oC and 1.5% respectively. The result suggests that mango peels have high pectin content and can be used for the value-added synthesis of pectinase