Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry (E-Journal - Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity)
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Fiber Concentration on Fermentation of Cleome Gynandra L Based on Storage Time and Solvent Change
Get PDFCleome gynandra L (CGL) or Maman plant, is the basic ingredient of Malay food in Riau Province, Indonesia. The young leaves and stems of CGL are processed into fermented food (Joruk Maman). It contains crude fiber and is useful for lowering blood cholesterol levels. However, effective storage of this CGL has not been carried out. This study wants to see the effect of storage time and solvent change on the fiber content of Joruk Maman. An experimental study applied a completely randomized design (CRD) using 5 groups and 2 repetitions. This sample of CGL leaves was taken from one seller in the Rokan Hilir market of Riau Province. The primary outcome was a difference to the number of fibers in Joruk Maman without solvent change (p =0.001) and with solvent change (p = 0.001) based on the day group and there was no difference base on the temperature group. Secondary outcome was the difference in duration time to produce the highest fiber content at room temperature with the solvent change and not. The highest fiber content occurred at 5 days of storage at room temperature without solvent changing. Meanwhile, by changing the solvent, the fiber content would be optimal for 1-day of storage
Determination of Oil Quality and Antifungal Effect of Selected Citronella Accessions (Cymbopogon nardus, Cymbopogon winterianus) to Formulate an Anti-Dandruff Shampoo
Get PDFCitronella is an aromatic grass of the family Poaceae which can be classified into two categories Ceylon Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) and Java Citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus). The Citronella oil was extracted from five selected Ceylon Citronella (HP T1, HP T2 and HP T3) and Java Citronella (MP T1 and MP T2) accessions using steam distillation and hydrodistillation methods. Citronella oil quantity extracted by hydrodistillation with Xylene from Ceylon Citronella was higher (2.45-2.67 mL/100 g) than the Java Citronella (1.57-1.64 mL/100 g). The oil quantity of Ceylon Citronella (HP T1-5.52 %, HP T2- 1.40 %, HP T3- 1.05 %) and the quantity of Java Citronella (MP T1- 1.25%, MP T2- 1.79%) extracted by hydrodistillation showed a significant difference (P100 mL), dirt dispersion (no ink in foam), viscosity, low wetting time and solid content (HP T3-14.75±0.12%; MP T2-12.33±0.19%) in acceptable specification range. This study exhibits that Ceylon Citronella oil HP T1 has the highest oil quantity from all selected accessions. Hydrodistillation can be used to extract high oil quantity than the steam distillation method from both Java and Ceylon Citronella types. Compared to Ceylon Citronella oil, Java oil has significant potential industrial applications with high Geraniol content and with the highest antifungal activity against C. albicans. Also, the tested Citronella oil of all selected accessions of both Java and Ceylon types meet the organoleptic and physiochemical requirements specified by the ISO and SLS quality standards with excellent antifungal activity against C. albicans, which provides prospective to use Citronella oil as a natural, safe, and eco-friendly fungicide in future product formulations
Standardization of Golden Sea Cucumber (Stichopus hermanii) Extracts from Pelapis Island, Kayong Regency, West Kalimantan
Get PDFStichopus hermanii can be used as a medicinal material, a source of animal protein, and wound healing medicine products. Extracts as raw materials for products must go through a standardization process to ensure pharmaceutical reproducibility, a therapeutic quality, and to ensure a consistent and uniform final composition. The purpose of this research was to determine the test results of the standardization parameters of Stichopus hermanii extract from Pelapis Island, West Kalimantan as raw material for wound healing herbal medicinal preparations. Preparation of extracts using the maceration method with 96% ethanol. The extract was standardized with specific parameters, including organoleptic, water and ethanol soluble content, phytochemical screening, and protein content, and non-specific parameters, including drying shrinkage, water content, ash content, and acid insoluble ash content. The test results obtained were a water-soluble content of 61.89%, ethanol-soluble content of 41.81%, protein content of 7.62%, drying shrinkage of 38.81%, water content of 20.58%, ash content of 37.95%, and acid insoluble ash content of 2.07%
A New ent-kaurene Diterpenoid Isolated from Leaves of Espeletia semiglobulata Cuatrec. and its Potential Antimicrobial Activity
Get PDFThe fraction of the neutral extraction of the leaves of Espeletia semiglobulata Cuatrec. was subjected to chromatographic separation, it yielded four ent-kaurene type diterpenoids: three known [ent-kaur-16-en-19-al (I), ent-kaur-18-nor-16-en-4-ol (III), ent-kaur-16-en-19-ol (IV)] and a new one elucidated as ent-kaur-3-acetoxy-15-ene (II), based on the physicochemical and spectroscopic data of FTIR, GC-MS, and 1D and 2D NMR. These compounds were subjected to antimicrobial bioassay studies. This new ent-kaurene showed a significant inhibition potential against the growth of gram negative bacterial strains [Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922): 8 mm, Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 23357): 10 mm, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853): 8 mm], it also showed inhibition against the growth of fungal strain (Candida krusei: 8 mm), at a 2 mg/mL concentration. The compounds (I), (III) and (IV) failed to show any significant results in the antimicrobial screening against five bacterial strains [Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 23357), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) y Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853)] and one fungal strain [Candida krusei (ATCC 6558)]. These results reveal a remarkable natural structure-activity relationship of the ent-kaurene core regarding the C-3 position (A ring of perhydrophenanthrene unit), whose oxygenation or addition of a hydrogen bond acceptor or donor group, improves the antimicrobial activity
Cover, Editorial Board, Guidance for Authors, & Table of Contents | Vol. 12 No. 1 April 2023
No full textIn silico Study on Structural Inhibition of Bacterial DNA Gyrase by Major Secondary Metabolites Found in Grape Seed Extract
Get PDFIn the early 20th century, during the era of investigating and identifying essential “vitaminsâ€, scientific research focused on grape seed extracts and their bioactive components, particularly polyphenols. Extensive studies have demonstrated that grape seed extract, rich in proanthocyanidins, offers protection against a wide spectrum of diseases, encompassing inflammation, cardiac ailments, peptic ulcers, hypertension, diabetes, cancer, and microbial infections. To explore potential secondary metabolites within grape seed extract that could serve as structural inhibitors of bacterial DNA Gyrase, molecular docking studies were performed. The docking results revealed that two phytochemicals, namely (-)-catechin and Procyanidin-B2, exhibited the highest potency in inhibiting DNA gyrase subunit B. Subsequent in silico physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameter predictions were conducted using specialized web servers for the examined phytochemicals. Notably, (-)-catechin displayed superior inhibitory and ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) characteristics, suggesting its potential for utilization in synthesizing novel antibacterial compounds
Ethnobotanical Survey of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Used in Traditional Medicine and Agri-Food in The Fez-Meknes Region
Get PDFIn order to identify the medicinal plants used in agri-food and traditional medicine by the population of Fez-Meknes region (Morocco), a floristic and ethnobotanical study was carried out in 4 provinces of this region (Fez, Meknes, Azrou, Taza). Questionnaire forms were used to survey the usual users of the plants and herbalists and to collect as much information as possible on the therapeutic and dietary use of aromatic and medicinal plants in the region. For plants used for food, our survey identified 29 species divided into 26 genera and 16 families, including herbaceous plants (70%), trees (16.60%), shrubs (10%) and bushes (3.30%). The study of the medicinal flora used in traditional medicine also allowed the inventory 81 species belonging to 47 families. Leaves are the most commonly used part and the majority of remedies were prepared in the form of infusion (47%) and decoction (26%). Among all the diseases treated, digestive diseases are the most cited (25%), followed by dermatological diseases (21%). The present study allowed us to evaluate some traditional practices used by the Fez-Meknes region population. In this context, it is essential to carry out similar investigations in other regions of the kingdom, in order to safeguard this precious natural heritage by means of a monograph that is as complete as possible and to validate the remedies and preparations identified using rigorous scientific protocols
Chemical Profile and in-silico Docking Studies on Bioactives from Essential Oil of Cymbopogan pendulus Targeting Penicillin Binding Proteins (PBPs) in Bacteria
Get PDFAntibiotic resistance in bacteria is the major concern worldwide. PBP (Penicillin binding proteins) have been cited as an appropriate target for therapeutic drug design. In the present study molecular docking followed by wet lab validation was designed to estimate the effect of potent bioactive molecules from Cymbopogan pendulus essential oil against PBP5 protein. GC-FID (gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection) based composition profile, and in-silico docking study was conducted by using CB-dock 2 analysis followed by 2D and 3D interactions. GC-FID revealed Limonene, Neral, Geranial, Linalool, Myrcene as major and minor compounds in Cymbopogan pendulus essential oil. The docking score indicated effective binding of ligands to PBP5. Interactions results indicated that, PBP5/ligand complexes form hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions. Wet lab study validated the anti-bacterial potential of oil against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, essential oil from Cymbopogan pendulus essential oil may represent potential herbal treatment to mitigate bacterial infections
Assessment of Sensorimotor Behaviour in Konzo-Induced Rats Using the Irvine, Beattie Bresnahan Forelimb Scale
Get PDFKonzo is a neurological disorder of selective upper motor neurons. It is an irreversible paralytic disease associated with prolonged consumption of Cassava. It contains cyanogenic glycosides metabolized to hydrogen cyanide, which has been shown by studies to affect the motor neurons of the central nervous system. The Irvine, Beattie Bresnahan (IBB) scale is a recently developed forelimb scale for the assessment of fine control of the forelimb and digits after cervical spinal cord injury such as Konzo. 20 Adult male Wistar rats were assigned to 4 experimental groups (i) control n=5, (ii) konzo-induced group n=5, (iii) induced + Complan n=5 (iv) Induced + Bambara Nut (Okpa). The bitter cassava foods were taken by oral ingestion for a period of 4 weeks. The assessment of the forelimb and digits were done using the Irvine, Beattie Bresnahan (IBB) with specific parameters such as Predominant Elbow Joint movement, Contact Volar Support, and Grasping method. The body weight of the animals was also recorded every week. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA. The result obtained showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) between the body weight of the animals induced with Konzo and rehabilitated with Complan milk and Bambara nut when compared to the unrehabilitated Konzo-induced group. There were differences in the results of the parameters being tested for the Irvine, Beattie Bresnahan (IBB) scaling. The IBB scale confirmed that there was a high level of cyanide content in the cassava which affected the behavioral attributes of the induced group and it also confirmed that the induced group can be ameliorated with the use of Complan and Bambara Nut (Okpa) which was shown in the parameters being tested such as Predominant Elbow Joint movement, Contact Volar Support, and Grasping method. It was concluded that insufficiently processed bitter cassava is toxic and has neurotoxicity effects on the Spinal Cord especially on the upper motor neurons and IBB scale is capable of measuring gradual improvements in motor forelimb functions in this model and may be a new and effective assessment tool for peripheral nerve injury
The Anticancer Properties of Guava Leaves (Psidium guajava L.) and Turmeric Rhizome (Curcuma longa L.) Against Breast Cancer: A Literature Study
Get PDFBreast cancer, one of the most deadly diseases occurring in women, is caused by factors. In the healing process, the sufferer needs treatment, such as radiation techniques, surgery, and chemotherapy. But, these techniques have avoidable weaknesses that damage healthy cells. To date, natural sources can be utilized in medicine field. Guava (Psidium guajava L.) and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) are two common plants obtaining compounds that inhibit the growth of cancer cells based on phytochemical properties. This study was written to review the potential both of plants as anticancer agents. Through the literature, guava leaf extract consists of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids that inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. Besides, turmeric also has tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, sterols, and curcumin. The presence of curcumin reduces histamine production which induce inflammation and decrease toxin. Because of curcumin, breast cancer cells have dehydration before apoptosis