Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry (E-Journal - Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity)
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Identification of Medicinal Plants and Their Utilization by Community in Kendal Village, Kendal Sub-district
Get PDFTraditional medicine is a cultural heritage from ancestors deeply rooted in the nation's heritage; therefore, its use is still based on spoken and written experience from generation to generation. Even though most people have turned to modern medicine, some still use these medicinal plants as ingredients for medicine, food, and other processed consumption. This study aims to identify the types of medicinal plants found in Kendal village and how to use them, obtain them, and then transform them into effective medications. This study employs qualitative descriptive methodologies. Observation and interviews are employed to collect data. Based on the results of community interviews, it was determined that many Kendal village residents continue to use plants to treat various diseases. The plant parts utilized are rhizomes, leaves, and stems. This medicinal plant has various uses, ranging from direct consumption to boiling
Alkaloids Lead to Potential Inhibition of the Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase to Attenuate Tuberculosis; an in-silico Analysis
Get PDFTuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection that mostly affects the lungs. Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis infection, leading to granulomatous lesions in affected lung tissue. It is one of the most prevalent and deadly infectious diseases among the under developed countries. This study aims to investigate the possible inhibition of the acyl carrier protein reductase for preventing tuberculosis by well-known alkaloids, thereby reducing Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth in the lungs and thereby reducing the incidence of latent and active TB. About five natural alkaloids were subjected to the molecular docking analysis, which produced favorable findings in terms of best pose and binding energies of these compounds towards the active residues of mycobacterial ACP reductase, with values ranging from -10 kcal/mol to -9.1 kcal/mol. The molecular dynamics simulation produced similar encouraging results. All of the prospective alkaloid compounds were subjected to an in-silico toxicity investigation, which determined that every compound was safe and non-toxic. Further studies may be necessary for effective formulation development employing these compounds as part of the process of drug discovery and development. The findings from this study may be helpful in the development of the novel nanoformulations using natural products for pharmacotherapy of tuberculosis infection
Peptide Fractions from Pepsin-digested Moringa oleifera Seed Proteins Inhibit Hemoglobin Glycation and Carbohydrate-hydrolyzing Enzymes
Get PDFThe multidirectional abilities of peptide digests and fractions obtained from the hydrolysis of food-based proteins have been investigated in recent times. This study aims to evaluate the effects of pepsin-derived Moringa oleifera seed protein hydrolysates and fractions on hemoglobin glycation and the carbohydrases - ?-amylase and ?-glucosidase. Proteins were extracted from M. oleifera seeds and consequently digested using pepsin. The hydrolysates obtained were separated into fractions of <1 kD, 1-3 kD, and 3-5 kD ranges using size-exclusion chromatography and comparison with elution volumes of known standards. The activities of the hydrolysates and peptide fractions against both the non-enzymatic glycation of hemoglobin and the carbohydrases were determined in vitro. Results revealed that the hydrolysate and its peptide fractions demonstrated varying abilities against the glycation of hemoglobin, with the unfractionated hydrolysate showing better activities (78.230 ± 0.774 % at a maximum concentration of 1.0 mg/ml) than its peptide fractions. Also, the hydrolysates and fractions demonstrated higher inhibitory effects on a-amylase (with all fractions displaying above 50% inhibition at a final concentration of 1.0 mg/mL) than against a-glucosidase. Kinetic analysis of a selected fraction showed that it inhibited ?-amylase via a mixed mechanism (Ki = 0.029 mg/mL) but displayed an uncompetitive mode for ?-glucosidase inhibition (Ki = 0.333 mg/mL). Therefore, it is inferred that M. oleifera seed proteins encode potentially therapeutic peptide sequences that could be further processed to formulate potential antidiabetic agents
Phytochemical, Antioxidant Screening, Antinociceptive, and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Boswellia dalzielii Hutch (Burseraceae) Root Ethanol Extract Using Animal Model
Get PDFThis study investigated the biological activities and phytochemical screening of Boswellia dalzielii root ethanol extract. Standard procures were used to evaluate the phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity, antipyretic activity in baker’s yeast-induced pyrexia in mice, analgesic property (hotplate and acetic acid-induced in mice), acute anti–inflammation (carrageenan-induce in rats) and chronic arthritis (formalin–induced in rats) on Boswellia dalzielii root ethanol extract. The phytochemical results revealed the presence of phenol, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycoside, tannin, saponin. The extract had a significant reduction in the body temperature in graded doses and 100 mg/kg paracetamol at 60 minutes when compared with the control, but 400 mg/kg was more effective (p0.05). The plant extract (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) and Indomethacin (1 mg/kg) reduced paw volume across the doses from day 4 compared to the control (p<0.01). The Boswellia dalzielii root extract is a promising anti–inflammatory agent, it also possesses antipyretics, and analgesics effect validating the folklore claim
Bioactive Compound in Solanum torvum and Its Potential as Functional Food and Drink: A Review
Get PDFSolanum torvum is a fruit used as food and has medical properties. This study aims to provide an updated understanding of Solanum Torvum’s health benefits as a functional food through a study literature review. The research utilizes electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Nature, Clinical Key, and Springer) from July-October 2022. Solanum Torvum contains various bioactive components, vitamins, mineral, nutritions. It shows that Solanum torvum has potential sources as functional food. However, studies about solanum torvum consumption as a functional food and the clinical trial of its health benefits in humans are still limited. Further in vivo and in vitro studies are necessary to present the effect of solanum torvum consumption on health
Immunoprotective Effect of Cocos nucifera Oil on Sheep Red Blood Cell-Induced Immunocompromised Rats
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to investigate the immunoprotective effects of cold-pressed coconut oil in immunocompromised rat. Standard procedure was used to perform this research work with a modified method. The effect of immunomodulatory properties of coconut oil was evaluated after challenging the animals with 0.3 ml sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) intraperitoneally and further treated with graded doses (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 ml/kg i.p) of the oil extract for 21 days. The hematological, CD4, CD8 biochemical and histopathological analysis were evaluated. Result obtained from this study showed a significant increase in hematological indexes (WBC: 11.70; LYM: 9.9 GRAN: 8.0 and HGB: 15.57) across the treated groups, but majorly at lowest dose (0.25 ml/kg). More so a significant increase in CD4 and CD8 Count specifically at 0.25 ml/kg (7.763 and 7.830). Anti-oxidant property of the oil extract at 0.25 ml/kg had a significant reduction in malondialdehyde with an increased in antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPx) when compared with untreated control. The body weight of the animals in the treated groups showed a significant increase at 0.25 ml/kg of the oil extract when compared with the untreated control. Liver function test (ALT, AST and ALP) showed no significant increase in the treatment groups when compared with the controls. The histopathological result reveals a normal physiological structure of the heart, lungs, spleen, liver and kidney in lowest dose of the oil extract. In conclusion, this study validated the ethnomedicinal property of the plant
Effects of Ouabain in Ehrlich Tumor Development in vitro and in vivo
Get PDFOuabain (OUA) is a cardiotonic steroid with an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory role in different experimental models. Currently, the potential antineoplastic effect of OUA has been studied, however, research is needed to better understand OUA role during tumor development. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the OUA effects on Ehrlich tumor (ET) development in vitro and in vivo. To evaluate the cytotoxic effects of OUA on ET in vitro the cells were incubated with different concentrations of OUA during 24h and 48h and our results showed that only the [1000 ?M] decreased the number and viability of ET cells in the two analyzed times. To study the OUA effects on ET in vivo, Swiss mice were pretreated with 0.56 mg/kg of OUA intraperitoneally (i.p.) for three consecutive days. To develop ET in the solid form, one hour after the last day of pretreatment, ET cells were inoculated subcutaneously into the footpad and the animals were monitored for 13 days. To develop the ascitic form, ET cells were inoculated (i.p.) and the animals were monitored for 3 days. OUA was able to reduce the thickness and weight of the tumor paw, in addition to reduce the weight of the popliteal lymph node. In the ascitic tumor, OUA reduced the number of neutrophils and macrophages and increased the lymphocytes in the peritoneum. Thus, we demonstrated that OUA affects ET development both in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest a new perspective in the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and a possible anti-cancer role of ouabain and brings new concepts about the pathophysiological role of this substance
Nephroprotective Activities of Ethanol Root Extract and Fractions of Hippocratea africana Against Doxorubicin-Induced Kidney Toxicity
Get PDFHippocratea africana root used locally in the treatment of poisoning was investigated to confirm its antidotal potential in rats. The root extract (200-600 mg/kg) and fractions; dichloromethane (DCM) and aqueous, 400 mg/kg) were evaluated for nephroprotective activity against doxorubicin-induced kidney injury in rats. Kidney function parameters, kidney oxidative stress markers and kidney histology were used to assess the kidney protective effect of the extract. The root extract and fractions (200-600 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.05-0.01) reduced the levels of creatinine, urea and electrolytes that were elevated by doxorubicin. Also, the MDA level elevated by doxorubicin was reduced by the extract and fractions co-administration, while the levels of GSH, GST, SOD, GPx, and CAT that were decreased by doxorubicin were significantly (p<0.01) elevated by the root extract/fractions. Histology of the kidney sections of extract/fractions -treated animals showed reductions in the pathological features compared to the organotoxic-treated animals. The chemical pathological changes were consistent with histopathological observations suggesting marked nephroprotective potential. The anti-toxic effect of this plant may in part be mediated through the chemical constituents of the plant. The plant, Hippocratea africana possesses anti-toxicant properties which can be exploited in the treatment of doxorubicin related toxicities
Phytochemical and Antioxidant Activity of Blumea balsamifera and Cordyline fruticosa Based on Ethnopharmacology Knowledge of Muara Tae Tribe, East Kalimantan
Get PDFPlant use as traditional medicine is still widely practiced in Indonesia. Muara Tae tribe people, West Kutai regency are one of the regions that still rely on Blumea balsamifera and Cordyline fruticosa plants as traditional medicine. This study aims to determine the potential of Blumea balsamifera and Cordyline fruticosa leaves as medicinal plants with phytochemicals and antioxidants. Phytochemical analysis was tested using Harborne and Kokate methods. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging assay with slight modification. The results of the phytochemical analysis showed that the extracts of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol from the leaves of Blumea balsamifera and Cordyline fruticosa contained alkaloids, tannins, and triterpenoids. Antioxidant activity of Blumea balsamifera leaves extract showed that the n-hexane extract display an ability to inhibit DPPH free radical by 50% at 100 ppm concentration, while ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts display an ability by 77% and 81% at 50 ppm concentration. IC50 value of ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of Blumea balsamifera leaves sequentially were 23.68 µg/mL and 17.59 µg/mL. Antioxidant activity of Cordyline fruticosa leaves extract showed that the n-hexane and ethyl acetate extract display an ability to inhibit DPPH free radical by 45% and 56% at 100 ppm concentration, while ethanol extracts display an ability by 76% at 50 ppm concentration. IC50 value of ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of Cordyline fruticosa leaves sequentially were 73.72 µg/mL and 20.17 µg/mL. Based on the results, Blumea balsamifera and Cordyline fruticosa leaves extracts had the potential to develop as natural antioxidants
Antidiarrhoeal Activities of Lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) Extract in Experimentally-Induced Diarrhoea Model
Get PDFThis study investigated the effects of Lime on Diarrhoea in Wistar rats. A total of 60 Wistar rats were procured and randomly divided into 3 groups of 20 animals each for each of the three t-test models. The twenty healthy Wistar rats for each diarrhoea model were fasted for 6 hours prior to the experiment but allowed free access to water. The twenty animals were randomly divided into 5 groups of 4 animals each for each experiment. Established antidiarrhea models were followed. The test groups received various doses (97.65mg/kg, 195.3mg/kg, and 390.6mg/kg) of Citrus aurantiifolia juice extract; whereas positive controls received Loperamide (2.5mg/kg) and negative controls received distilled water (1ml/kg). The administration was done once daily for 15 days, and the faeces of each animal was collected on the 5th, 10th and 15th day. The result of this study showed that medium and high dose Citrus aurantiifolia has an anti-diarrhoeal effect on castor oil-induced diarrhoea over repeated administration for a minimum of 15 days as it prolonged the onset of diarrhoea, decreased the frequency of defecation and gastrointestinal transit time in Wistar rats. This study shows that Citrus aurantiifolia demonstrates significant anti-diarrhoeal activity and can be used as an anti-diarrhoea agent