Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry (E-Journal - Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity)
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Antimicrobial Potential of Selected Phytochemicals from Hygrophila schulli; Computational Insights
Get PDFThe escalating global concern over antibiotic resistance has led to an intensified exploration of alternative therapeutic strategies, including the utilization of plant-derived secondary metabolites. In this in-silico study, we investigated the structural inhibition of bacterial DNA Topoisomerase IV complex by major secondary metabolites extracted from the medicinal plant Hygrophila schulli. The plant is renowned for its rich phytochemical composition, possessing bioactive compounds with diverse pharmacological properties. Using computational approaches, we conducted molecular docking simulations to explore the binding affinities and interactions between the identified secondary metabolites from Hygrophila schulli and the target bacterial DNA Topoisomerase IV complex. Our results unveil promising interactions, suggesting a potential inhibitory effect on the targeted protein. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations were employed to examine the dynamic behavior of the ligand-protein complexes, providing insights into the stability and conformational changes over time. This in-silico exploration contributes valuable information to the understanding of the molecular interactions between plant-derived secondary metabolites and Bacterial DNA Topoisomerase IV, laying the groundwork for future experimental validations. The findings from this study may pave the way for the development of novel antimicrobial agents derived from natural sources, offering a sustainable and effective approach in the ongoing battle against antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections
Potential of Methane (CH4), Nitrogen (N2), and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) from Eco-Enzyme with the Addition of Cow Feces Starter
Get PDFEco-enzyme solutions are generally used in the manufacture of disinfectants, floor cleaners, liquid fertilizers, preservatives and others. In this study, eco-enzyme was used as the main ingredient in the manufacture of biogas fermentation with the addition of cow feces as an additional starter in the fermentation. The aim of this study was to determine the content of CH4, CO2, N2, pH, temperature, and pressure in eco-enzyme fermentation with the addition of cow feces starter. Â his research is a quantitative research with the type of experimental research as well as direct observation data collection techniques and data analysis techniques using descriptive statistical analysis. The results showed that the treatment that produced the highest methane (CH4) gas was the P5 treatment with a concentration of 2.889%. 6,1. The highest volume pressure value was produced in the P5 treatment which was 70 ml. Nitrogen gas (N2) and carbon dioxide gas (CO2), the concentration of nitrogen gas (N2) from reactor P0 - P4 is in the range of 95.875-99.669 % and the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) from reactor P0 - P4 is in the range of 0.237 - 4.125 %
Evaluation and Antibacterial Activity Test of Peel-off Mask Preparation from Combination of Pegagan Leaves (Centella asiatica (L) Urb.) and Charcoal Powder
Get PDFPegagan leaf (Centella asiatica (L) Urb.) is a plant that contains flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, and saponins that function as antibacterials. Pegagan leaf is combined with activated charcoal powder, which has the job of absorbing facial oil, so that it is formulated in the form of a peel off mask to produce a synergistic effect. This study aims to formulate, evaluate, and test the antibacterial effectiveness of the peel-off mask preparation of pegagan leaf extract at concentrations of 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%. This study uses an experimental method by testing the parameters of the physical evaluation requirements and testing antibacterial activity with the disc method on the peel off mask preparation. The results were evaluated for 28 days, and the results of the organoleptic test were stable, homogeneity stable, pH (5.6–6.2), dry time (16–25 minutes), dispersion (6.1-6.4 cm), and irritation (2 respondents). The effectiveness test against the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes has inhibitory power of 12.3 mm in the strong category. So, it can be concluded that the peel off mask produced has stable physical characteristics and can be used as an antibacterial mask
Identification of Fingerprint Pattern and Lip Print Pattern in Females of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus as a Biomarker
Get PDFDiabetes mellitus (D.M.) is a chronic metabolic disorder that has increased worldwide. Fingerprints and lip prints are noninvasive procedures that are genetically used in criminal cases and to determine genetic disorders such as Diabetes mellitus type 2. Dermatoglyphics is the epidermal ridge configuration, the ridged skin on our fingertips, palms, and toes. There are three types (Whorl, et al.). Cheiloscopy, derived from the Greek word (cheilos), which means lip, is the study of crinkles and grooves that are perceptible on our lips and unique. We conducted our research with 90 females, 45 were with (DMT2), and 45 were normal females over 30 years old. The samples were collected in different Kurdistan regions (Erbil City, Qaladza Town, Koya Town, and Koya University). We collected all 10 (ten) fingerprint patterns and divided them into Whorl, loop, and arch using an ink pad. Also, lip samples were collected by using lipstick on A4 paper. According to our research, the predominant fingerprints and lip prints in females with type 2 diabetes were loops for both hands (right (31.1%) and left (28.4%)), and for lips, the print was intersected grooves (28.9%). The predominant fingerprint and lip print for normal females were also loops in both hands (right (28%) and left (25%)), and the lip print was complete vertical grooves (42.2%). The study showed no association between fingerprint pattern and diabetes mellitus type 2 and cannot be used as a biomarker for it. However, there is a clear association between lip print pattern and diabetes mellitus type 2, and it can be used as a specific biomarker
Comparative Effects of Ripe and Unripe Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) on Spermatozoa and Gonadosomatic Index in Matured Male Wistar Rats
Get PDFTo ascertain the comparative effects of ripe and unripe Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) on spermatozoa and gonadosomatic index evaluation in matured male Wistar rats; exploring the idea that both ripe and unripe Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) might or might not positively affect semen quality, crucial for male fertility. Twenty-eight (28) sexually mature male Wister rats, aged 9–10 weeks and weighing between 211.50g and 217.00g, were divided equally into seven groups (1 to 7); with Group 1 serving as the control and Groups 2 to 7 receiving 25%, 50%, and 75% concentrations of ripe lime juice (RLJ) and unripe lime juice (ULJ) respectively. The findings indicated that ULJ had a higher concentration (0.1mg/ml) compared to ripe lime RLJ at 0.08mg/ml, although both had approximately the same LD50 value of 1581.138mg/kg. RLJ, at different concentrations, adversely impacted the reproductive performance of rats, leading to decreased progressive motility, livability, sperm count, testicular size, and sexual drive. However, ULJ did not exhibit these effects. A 75% concentration of RLJ showed anti-prostatic activity, causing a reduction in prostate size, which was more pronounced than that of the same ULJ concentration. Importantly, both RLJ and ULJ did not have a significant impact on the sizes of the liver, spleen, heart, kidneys, and lungs, with these visceral organs maintaining normal sizes comparable to the control group (statistically, p>0.05).The findings suggest that RLJ or ULJ consumption, particularly at the highest concentration, may lead to alterations in reproductive performance, hence such consumption should be discouraged
Developing Virtual Herbarium of Sunan Kalijaga Islamic State University as a Plant Taxonomy Complementary Lab Work Material
Get PDFThis research combines the fields of biology, photography, graphic design, and informatics. This study aims to develop a virtual herbarium museum through website media. The research was done to improve the accessibility and sharing of data (free access) herbarium. Website development was performed using the SDLC (Systems Development Life Cycle) which consists of 5 (five) steps, namely planning a strategic website development plan, determining the scope of development, analyzing the required needs, designing and implementing website creation and testing. Based on the results of system testing and implementation, it can be concluded that the virtual herbarium museum has been successfully built as a plant taxonomy complementary lab work material
In-Ovo Antiviral Activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa against Newcastle Disease Virus
Get PDFNewcastle disease is a highly contagious viral infection affecting poultry and wild birds. The causative agent is Avian paramyxovirus 1 (APMV-1), causing significant economic losses despite vaccination efforts due to its high mortality rate. Hibiscus sabdariffa was identified at Modibbo Adama University Yola, and laboratory assays were performed at the National Veterinary Research Institute Vom. The study explores the antiviral effects of extracts from H. sabdariffa calyx against a virulent strain of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) using embryonated chicken eggs (ECE). Standard methods were employed for cytotoxicity assay, embryo infective dose 50 (EID50) determination, and therapeutic antiviral assays. Methanol was used for extraction and phytochemical analysis, revealing various bioactive compounds like cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, and phenols. Toxicity assay showed cytotoxicity at concentrations over 25 mg/ml, but therapeutic antiviral assays demonstrated virus replication inhibition at concentrations as low as 5 mg/ml. These findings suggest the potential of H. sabdariffa calyx extracts as safe and effective treatments for NDV, with promising therapeutic antiviral properties. Further pharmaceutical research is recommended to explore their use in developing novel Newcastle Disease treatments
The New Technology for In Vitro Culture with Induction of Nanobubbles (NBsN2 and NBsO2) in Cattleya sp.
Get PDFThe growth and development of orchids take a relatively long time, while the demand for high-quality orchids continues to increase significantly. Tissue culture is a technique of isolating plant parts in organs, tissues, and cells and then culturing these plants on artificial media in a sterile environment. Tissue culture techniques can reproduce plants in a relatively short time, with the same properties and quality, so efforts to optimize tissue culture with technology are the right solution, one of which is using nanogenerator technology that produces Nanobubbles (NBs). NBs are one of the nanotechnologies that are ?100 nm in size with induced gas needed by plants. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of growth and development from the induction of NBsN2 and NBsO2 in Cattleya sp. planlet in vitro culture. This research method uses in vitro culture with a Randomized Group Design. The results of the MsO treatment showed higher weight than other treatments, with a total plant weight value of 0.3550 g and a total plant height value of 1.3983 cm. Murashige-Skoog + NBsNitrogen (MsN) treatment showed higher root length than other treatments with a total value of 1.2367 cm. In the treatment of Ms, MsO, OJ and NJ, a live percentage of 83-100% was observed. The statistical test results indicate that NBs positively affect Cattleya sp. plantlets. This effect includes increasing plant weight, height, and root length and promoting new shoots growth. Additionally, nitrogen supplements play a role in colour changes, indicating the plant's health and photosynthetic efficiency. In the treatment with Induction O2, the initial colour changes from Strong Yellow Green (141 D) to Strong Yellowish Green (141 C), while in the treatment with Induction NBsN2, the initial colour changes from Strong Yellow Green (141 D) to Deep Yellow Green (141 B)
Physicochemical Characteristics of Jelly Candy Cinnamon Powder Koerintji Variation of Red Seaweed Carrageenan Concentration
Get PDFJelly candy is a product that has the characteristics of being chewy and varied in texture. Carrageenan, an alternative natural raw material as a gelling agent in jelly candy, is one of the producers of red seaweed carrageenan because it has a very complex composition. Cinnamon contains about 91.88-94.19% cinnamaldehyde as an antioxidant compound. The study aimed to determine the value of the antioxidant activity obtained and the correlation between the cinnamon powder jelly candy Koerintji variety and the addition of red seaweed carrageenan with different concentration variations. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design with two factors. Carrageenan concentrations consist of 3.5% and 5%. The results showed that the concentration of red seaweed carrageenan significantly affected the antioxidant activity value and characteristics of cinnamon jelly candy. The best treatment was obtained at a concentration of 1.5% cinnamon and 5% red seaweed carrageenan with chemical characteristics water content 11.49%, antioxidant activity 50.26%, pH value 4.82%, physical characteristics colour (brightness) 40.72%, texture hardness 2.3%, adhesiveness 3.1%, elasticity 2.76%, colour preference 4.66%, aroma preference, 4.32%, flavour preference 4.66%, elasticity texture preference 4.56%, taste 4.80%, and overall 4.04%
Antibacterial Activity of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) Peel Tea against Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from a Water Depot
Get PDFMost orange peels are not utilized and become useless waste that is thrown away. Orange peels contain many nutrients and compounds, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and essential oils, which are secondary metabolites that act as antibacterial agents. This study intends to investigate the antibacterial activity of sweet orange peel tea against isolated Enterobacteriaceae from a random water depot sample around Universitas Prima Indonesia. This experiment used disc diffusion for antibacterial assay. Meanwhile, the sweet orange peel was brewed using two different methods, including infusion and decoction, in two different masses (3 grams and 5 grams). These sweet orange peel tea formulations were compared to standard (chloramphenicol) and control (distilled water). Enterobacteriaceae was isolated and identified from a random water depot sample around Universitas Prima Indonesia, which included colony identification in EMB agar and MacConkey agar, gram staining, and biochemical test. This study showed that a random water depot sample contaminated by Enterobacteriaceae had properties similar to Citrobacter sp. Sweet orange tea formulation inhibited this isolated Enterobacteriaceae growth (P-Value: 0.010). Antibacterial activity was observed in 3-gram infusion, 5-gram infusion, and 5-gram decoction. However, the antibacterial activity was not better than the standard (chloramphenicol). Overall, it can be concluded that the sweet orange peel tea as infusion or decoction has weak antibacterial activity against Enterobacteriaceae bacteria isolated from water depots, which had some properties similar to Citrobacter sp