University of Windsor, Ontario: Open Journal Systems
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Testing VOCALISE spoof detection capabilities based on CQT dilated ResNet model between authentic and synthetic voice samples by VocaliD
No full textWithin the past few decades, voice biometric technology has been integrated into almost every job field and personal technology device for its ease of use and security. As voice recognition technology continued to advance, spoof technology improved as well. To investigate spoofing incidents, ASV systems, such as VOCALISE, can be used to examine audio samples. VOCALISE features open-box architecture which further allows the user to tailor the system to specific situations by adapting the pre-trained models provided with VOCALISE or by training custom models. The output provided by the program is the probability of the sample being genuine speech represented by scores. This paper analyzed the ability of VOCALISE with a CQT dilated ResNet spoof-detector add-on to identify between two artificial samples synthesized by VocaliD and one authentic voice sample, all of which derived from one individual. Sound Cleaner II was used to remove any background noises in all audio samples prior to their submission to VOCALISE. It was determined that VOCALISE was successful in differentiating between all audio samples and providing an accurate probability of likelihood that a sample is a spoof. The two artificial samples received a low score of 0.002 and 0.004 which indicates there was a high probability that the audio characteristics of the known spoof samples from the trained network and the samples synthesized by VocaliD are similar. The authentic sample received a high score of 0.075 which shows that it is legitimate and carries a very low probability of having similar audio characteristics as the spoof samples from the trained network. The results support the intentions of VOCALISE to be used in forensic audio cases. Future research should consider examining other voice banking systems and incorporating more participants with different accents and pitch levels
Fingerprints found and lifted from Indoor Plants
No full textEvery person carries a unique form of identification such as fingerprints. Therefore, it can help aid in criminal investigations by accurately identifying the perpetrators involved, searching for the suspect, and aiding in finding a missing person (1). Fingerprints play quite an important role in forensic investigations. There are many investigations that last a long time depending on the crime and its complexity. In this research, time is a variable that was observed. As time passes, evidence generally can get contaminated or destroyed completely. When a crime is committed, investigators collect evidence that could potentially contain fingerprints. Indoor plants are quite commonly found in houses in North America. Fingerprints could be left on many surfaces, including plants. This is why, it is important to look at indoor plants when searching and collecting evidence. The method being used is by placing fingerprints on different leaves of the same plant and lifting them at different time intervals. The research that was conducted showed that a forensic investigator is able to wait at least a month to lift fingerprints off the leaves of a plant as well as off dead leaves. 
In Memoriam: Charles Arthur Willard 1945-2021
No full textOur beloved colleague, Charles Arthur Willard, has died at the age of 76. He will be remembered within the argumentation community not only as an influential theorist but also as one of the chief architects of an international and interdisciplinary field devoted to the study of argumentation
Effect of soil moisture on shoe impression detail and longevity
No full textShoe impressions are extremely important in forensic science. The substrate that the impression is placed on has many potential effects on the impression. In this paper the effects of soil moisture on shoe impression detail and longevity are analyzed. To do this shoe impressions are created in a standard topsoil with varying amounts of water and monitored over 48 hours. It was determined that shoeprint longevity decreases as soil moisture increases. For shoeprint detail it was determined that when water beyond 0.5L was added the detail began to drastically decrease. Overall, it is shown that as soil moisture increases detail longevity decreased, and initial detail began to decrease after more than 0.5L of water was added
La Priorité herméneutique de quelle question? Une clarification de la loi sur la parole pour actes interlocutoires
No full textAn axiom of philosophical hermeneutics is that questioning has hermeneutic priority. Yet there are many different kinds of questions. Which sort has priority in understanding complete thoughts and for bringing about a fusion of horizons? Speech act theory is one resource for specifying which kind. I first develop the broad notion of questioning in philosophical hermeneutics. Second, I examine aspects of question taxonomies in pedagogy as well as their shortcomings. Third, I turn to the Speech Act approach to questioning and provide a challenge to this theory for adequately addressing what kind takes hermeneutic priority. I propose the category of “suspensives” as the kind of interlocutionary act definitive for questions that have hermeneutic priority.Un axiome de l\u27herméneutique philosophique est que le questionnement a une priorité herméneutique. Pourtant, il existe de nombreux types de questions. Quelle sorte de question a la priorité pour comprendre des pensées complètes et pour apporter une fusion d\u27horizons ? La théorie des actes de discours est une ressource pour spécifier le type de question. Je développe d\u27abord la notion large de questionnement en herméneutique philosophique. Deuxièmement, j\u27examine les aspects des taxonomies de questions en pédagogie ainsi que leurs lacunes. Troisièmement, j’emploie l\u27approche des actes du discours pour questionner cette approche et je remets en question cette théorie pour traiter de manière adéquate le type de question qui prend une priorité herméneutique. Je propose la catégorie des « suspensifs » comme le type d\u27acte illocutoire définitif pour les questions qui ont une priorité herméneutique
Children, Schooling, and COVID-19 : What Education Can Learn From Existing Research
No full textThis paper offers a review of the research on children, schooling, and disasters in order to identify critical information for the field of education and the practice of educational research in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. What do we know about the experiences of children and their interactions with schools during and following a natural disaster like COVID-19? The review answers this question and both identifies areas of study that need further attention and explores critical methodological approaches for further educational research. Areas of the research reviewed include children’s experiences of disaster, the educational impacts of disaster, the role of schools and teachers in responding to disaster, and methodological considerations for further research. The authors conclude that educational research can play a critical role in recovery efforts for children, teachers, and schools
Maintaining Equitable and Inclusive Classroom Communities Online During the COVID-19 Pandemic
No full textThis paper explores the ways in which face-to-face classroom communities were disrupted and/or transformed by the move to online platforms and the effect of this disruption on equitable access to a quality education. Quality education is defined as engaged pedagogy, where students learn to interact with other students and engage with ideas in a way that promotes their ability to be part of a community while still feeling free to disagree with, critique, and take care of each other. To examine the extent to which such communities were created when schooling migrated online during the pandemic, this paper examines online schooling communities in terms of sense of belonging, trust, shared purpose, and quality of interactions. The analysis of the experiences of 11 teachers in Ontario, Canada, whose face-to-face classes were moved to online formats, establishes that equity was one of the first casualties of the change, with the most vulnerable students facing disproportionate academic, psychological, and social consequences