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Scope ambiguities and conditionals
No full textScope ambiguities in natural language have been much discussed by linguists and philosophers. There has been some psychological work on the scope ambiguities of negation, but we present the first experiments on modal scope ambiguities in conditionals, with special attention paid to the scope ambiguities of the probability operator. We also discuss the implications of our results for the assessment of the conditional probability hypothesis, according to which the probability of a conditional is the probability of its consequent given its antecedent.</p
Entrevista de Pauline Kleingeld aos Cadernos:Interview with Bruno Nadai, Cauê Polla, Monique Hulshof
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The Role of 'Denotatur' in Ockham's Theory of Supposition
No full textIn the scholarship on medieval logic and semantics of the last decades, Ockham's theory of supposition is probably the most extensively studied version of such theories; yet, it seems that we still do not fully understand all its intricacies. In this paper, I focus on a phrase that occurs countless times throughout Ockham's writings, but in particular in the sections dedicated to supposition in the Summa logicae: the phrase 'denotatur'. I claim that an adequate understanding of the role of the concept of denotatur within Ockham's supposition theory shall yield a deeper understanding of the theory as a whole. Here, I first examine a few uses of the term 'denotatur' and its variants by other authors. I then turn to Ockham: first I briefly mention some uses of the term in contexts other than his theory of supposition. Following that, I focus on his supposition theory, in particular on how 'denotatur' allows him to deal with two crucial puzzles, namely the supposition of empty terms and the supposition of terms in false affirmative propositions. The treatment of these two puzzles suggests that Ockham's theory of supposition must be understood as a theory chiefly intended for the generation of the meanings of propositions.</p
