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A Meta-Analysis of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Weight-Related Health Outcomes in Adulthood
No full textThree out of every five youth experience one or more traumatic events during childhood, also known as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). ACEs are associated with a number of negative health outcomes, including higher odds of disability, risky health behaviors, and morbidity in adulthood even after controlling for related demographic information (Campbell, Walker, & Egede, 2016). To date, meta-analytic research on ACEs has not provided a focused and comprehensive evaluation of weight-related outcomes (i.e., obesity, disordered eating, Type II diabetes, and physical inactivity). The present meta-analysis seeks to fill gaps in the literature and build upon prior research by conducting an exhaustive literature search, focusing on numerous weight-related outcomes, including a larger data pool via less stringent inclusion criteria, including updated research, and including all types of ACEs as predictors. In those reporting at least four ACEs, an increased risk for overweight/obesity, Type II diabetes, and physical inactivity compared to no ACE exposure was found. Results resolved discordant findings in the literature by including updated research and using more comprehensive search methods to better understand the effects of ACEs on adult weight-related health outcomes
Efficacy and acceptability of self-collected versus provider-collected HPV samples among the transmasculine population
Get PDFBackground: The vast majority of cervical cancers are caused by high-risk strains of human papillomavirus (HPV). Conventional screening by Papanicolaou (Pap) smear can effectively prevent the development of cervical cancer, but transmasculine (TM) individuals (those assigned female at birth, but who do not identify as female) utilize screening less frequently than their cisgender counterparts. Self-collected HPV samples may be viewed as more acceptable by TM patients and may be an equally effective screening method, which could ultimately increase cervical cancer screening uptake in this underserved population.
Methods: An exhaustive search of the literature using MEDLINE-PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science with the terms transmasculine, screening, self, and HPV. The resulting studies were appraised and assessed for quality using GRADE.
Results: Three studies met eligibility criteria and were included in this review. One observational study surveyed 91 transmasculine subjects and found that over 50% preferred self-collection methods for cervical cancer screening. An additional observational study collected information from 62 TM participants and found that a clear majority preferred self-collected frontal swabs, or at least provider-collected frontal swabs, over traditional Pap testing. The final article described a mixed methods study, including both an observational and RCT portion. The authors found that most of the participants expressed similar preferences to those in the previous two studies. They also found substantial concordance between self-collected vaginal swabs and provider-collected cervical swabs, which is the current gold standard.
Conclusion: Self-collected vaginal HPV samples are seen as highly acceptable among TM patients, show substantial concordance with Pap testing, and appear to be an efficacious alternative. This is especially true in patients who refuse conventional screening or are not utilizing preventative care. Offering self-collection as a primary HPV screening method would likely increase cervical cancer screening uptake among the TM population.
Keywords: Transmasculine, screening, self-collected, HPV, cervical cancer, perceptions, acceptability, efficacy, concordanc
Equestrians’ Attitudes Towards Helmet Use
No full textThe researcher examined attitudes towards helmet use among horseback riders drawing theoretical information from an established model. The study included 110 participants who self-identified as horseback riders. The original hypotheses regarding helmet wearers versus non-helmet wearers were unable to be tested due to the small number of participants identifying as non-helmet wearers. Instead, the researcher examined whether attitudes towards helmet use while horseback riding were related to education level, direct or indirect experience with concussions, and whether helmets are required in their chosen competitions. Statistically significant findings were found in all three groups on at least one attitude subscale. Implications of the findings and limitations are discussed
Tungkol Sa Puso: A Qualitative Study on The Experiences of Filipino Americans’ Cardiovascular Treatment
No full textFilipinos are the third largest Asian subgroup in the U.S. (U.S. Census Bureau, 2019). Heart disease is the leading cause of death for Filipino Americans (Abesamis, Fruh, Hall, Lemley, Zlomke, 2016; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2003). The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of Filipino Americans’ experiences with their treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and whether Filipino culture is incorporated into their treatment. A phenomenological research study design and community-engaged research methodology was utilized. Seven Filipino Americans were interviewed from the greater Seattle area. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and data was evaluated with conventional content-analysis. Based on the 7 interviews, the primary investigator identified 8 themes: (a) endorsed risk factors/comorbid health diagnoses, (b) treatment, (c) physician, (d) Filipino diet, (e) family support, (f) family and Filipino friends also diagnosed with a heart disease, (g) religion, and (h) emotions and stress management. Results from this study may help medical providers better treat Filipino American patients, increase cultural competence, and include clinical psychologists/behavioral health in treatment of CVD
Digital Repositories and Data Harvests
No full textToday it’s hard to imagine life without a smartphone, but broadcast television, travel to the moon, MARC records, personal computers, email, the Internet, online library catalogs, cell phones, video on demand, virtual reality, and digital archive collections all came about in one human generation.
Throughout that generation of disruptive and innovative technologies, librarians have served the public good by providing the conceptual skills to organize and describe information and provide or facilitate access to it. Moreover, libraries, through cooperatives and information sharing agreements, have made possible the construction of massive data systems that serve our nation’s needs with respect to heritage content, contemporary awareness and future planning.
And that’s the foundation of this special issue of the OLA Quarterly on digital repositories and data harvests. In this issue, experts from Oregon’s libraries, Larry Landis (OSU), Mark Dahl and Zachariah Selley (Lewis & Clark), Sarah Seymore (UO), Becca Evans (SOU), Julia Simic (UO) and Ryan Wick (OSU), Beth Dehn (Oregon Heritage Commission), and Ross Fuqua and Arlene Weible (Oregon State Library) describe their work to develop important collections that have been or will be harvested and shared broadly with users throughout the world. These aren’t siloed collections that live solely in a local database or on one institution’s server. These are world-class collections, shared globally to enrich human existence
Surveying Oregon’s Digital Heritage Collections
Get PDFIn 2018, the Oregon Heritage Commission conducted a survey of heritage organizations across the state to capture data regarding digitization efforts. The goal of the survey was to collect a baseline of information on the types of digital collections in Oregon, existing digital infrastructure, and a level of interest in collaborative options. Data gathered was shared with our partners, including the Orbis Cascade Alliance, to aid their work in considering how to create an on-ramp for smaller collections to enter into the Digital Public Library of America. This work followed the 2013 Environmental Scan of Digital Collections conducted by the State Library of Oregon and the outcomes of the 2015 Northwest Digital Summit, which identified overall gaps in support for digital collections at heritage organizations in Oregon and Washington. Unlike previous statewide assessments, the 2018 survey strove to capture data from heritage organizations of all types and sizes, both with and without digital collections, so that the Oregon Heritage Commission and our partners can determine strategies, tools, and trainings to best assist organizations at all stages of the digitization process
Can Contractualism and Consequentialism be used together in a two-stage model?
Get PDFContractualism and consequentialism, two of the most prominent theories in contemporary morality, are often perceived to be in opposition to each other. This essay will propose a novel two-stage system for moral decision-making which combines the two. I will explain how this model retains the strengths of contractualism and consequentialism, whilst resolving many of the problems with the theories as they stand alone
The Effect of Renal Denervation on Exercise Tolerance in Patients with Heart Failure
Get PDFBackground: Heart Failure is a growing clinical syndrome that results in major impacts on patients and the medical system. Previously, therapy has improved symptoms while leaving the patient disabled in the later stages. Renal denervation (RDN) is a procedure that is being researched for its effect on improving the condition of heart failure along with its symptoms and increasing exercise tolerance in patients.
Methods: Exhaustive search of available medical literature using MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and Google Scholar using the keywords renal denervation, heart failure and exercise tolerance. The studies that fit the eligibility criteria were appraised with the GRADE system for quality.
Results: Three studies were considered after the exclusion criteria were applied. The first study assessing RDN for patients with heart failure was terminated early due to low recruitment. Another study by the same group showed that RDN was a promising treatment needing more research and clinical evidence. The most recent study, an RCT, found that RDN safely improved cardiac function and exercise tolerance in patients with heart failure.
Conclusion: RDN does improve exercise tolerance in patients with heart failure. More clinical evidence is needed to place this treatment in common practice but RDN should be considered when reviewing options for patients with heart failure
