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iFixit With the Library: Partnering for Open Pedagogy in Technical Writing
Get PDFThis article describes how a technical writing instructor adopted an open textbook from the Dozuki repair company and an accompanying open pedagogy project through iFixit, for which students wrote openly-licensed repair articles. His work was supported and amplified by the Linn-Benton Community College’s Textbook Affordability Steering Committee and the library. Open pedagogy provides many opportunities for instructor-librarian collaboration. In this case, the library was able to provide information literacy support on intellectual property to the class and help the instructor promote the project across campus and beyond
Time to delivery of an automated external defibrillator (AED) using a drone to improve out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) mortality
Get PDFBackground:According to the American Heart Association (AHA), 2018 incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac events (OHCA) that is assessed by emergency medical services (EMS) is 140.7 people per 100 000 population. The time it takes for AED arrival on scene is heavily impacted by AED accessibility and EMS coverage, especially in rural areas. Traditionally, patients who require defibrillation only have 2methods of obtaining a shock, which are via a bystander or provided by EMS, both of which take time to obtain. Theoretically, if drones can deliver AEDs faster than traditional EMS response times to provide more timely shocks, then OHCA mortality could decrease significantly.
Methods:An exhaustive literature search using the following engine searches was conducted: MEDLINE-PubMed, TRIP-Turning Research Into Practice, Web Science, and CINAHL using the search terms drones,AED(s), and defibrillator(s). These searches were screened using eligibility criteria and were critically appraised and assessed for quality using GRADE guidelines.
Results: A systematic review was conducted and 3 observational studies were ultimately included. One study found using pre-existing EMS infrastructure in addition to establishment of new drone launch sites was the most efficient method, which provided 90.3% coverage within the 1-minute time frame. Another study assessed a region-specific network, which revealed that AED-equipped drones arrived before emergency responders in 94.6% of cases for the 3-minute response reduction goal. The other study found that drones in rural locations were predicted to arrive with an AED before EMS responders in 93% of OHCA cases, which saved an average of 19 minutes travel time.
Conclusion:Given the current evidence and future research to be done, integrating a drone network to deliver AEDs to increase accessibility to the public in different settings is a feasible addition to existing EMS infrastructure to help save lives. However, public acceptance and policy change would be required to implement a medical drone network to deliver AEDs. Future studies need to be conducted that control for many confounding factors in order to properly assess the efficacy of drone-delivered AEDs to OHCA mortality rate specifically.
Keywords: Drones, AED(s), defibrillator(s
Impact of At-Home Versus Clinic-Based Services on Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Treatment Rates
Get PDFBackground: Chlamydia and gonorrhea are the 2 most commonly reported sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States. Additionally, the number of reported cases is lower than the estimated total number of cases due to a variety of factors including: unawareness of infection, lack of symptoms, social stigma, and the fact that chlamydia and gonorrhea are still not routinely screened for in many clinical settings. Past studies suggest that individuals prefer at-home sampling and would even get tested more often if STI self-collection were available. Numerous studies investigating the effectiveness, screening uptake, and safety of at-home sampling have been performed. However, the question of treatment rates in relation to at-home sampling remains. Can the use of at-home STI screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea lead to increased rates of treatment compared to traditional STI screening methods in sexually active adults?
Methods: An extensive search was conducted using MEDLINE-PubMed, MEDLINE-Ovid, and TRIP with the keywords: ((home OR internet access* OR specimen handling OR self-sampling ) AND (screen* OR test*) AND (gonorrhea OR chlamydia) AND (treatment OR therapy)). The eligibility criterion was applied to the results and duplications were removed. References of selected studies were considered. Quality of included studies was assessed using GRADE.
Results: Two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. The first study recruited 2072 participants who were then randomly allocated to receive a text message with a link containing instructions to either complete at home screening (intervention) or clinic-based screening (control). The proportion of participants treated was 1.1% in the intervention group versus 0.7% in the control group. The second study conducted a population-based trial that included all people between ages 18-25. The intervention group, 10 000 individuals, received information on chlamydia and a mail-back urine sampling kit by post. The control group, 31 519 individuals, received nothing by mail and was not made aware of the study. The intervention led to 2.5 times more individuals receiving treatment.
Conclusion: At-home chlamydia and gonorrhea sampling may lead to increased rates of treatment
The Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on the Utilization of Cervical Cancer Screening
No full textAbstract
Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are prevalent for many women, and have been proven to lead to an increase in chronic diseases including cancer. While the mechanism behind this is not completely understood, the literature suggests that it may be partially due to decreased utilization of cancer screening. Due to the widespread nature of cervical cancer, this literature review seeks to investigate the relationship between ACEs and cervical cancer screening.
Methods: An exhaustive literature search of MEDLINE-PubMed, Web of Science, Public Health Database, and PyschINFO was performed. The keywords used in the search include: adverse childhood experiences, childhood trauma, cervical cancer screening, Pap test, Papanicolaou test, and cancer screening. Each of the selected studies were evaluated via the GRADE system.
Results: Out of the 46 articles that were found in the literature search, only 4 met inclusion criteria for this literature review. Two of the studies were cross sectional surveys, 1 was a prospective cohort study, and the other was a case-control study. Childhood physical and sexual abuse were most commonly found to be correlated with a decrease in correct utilization of cervical cancer testing. Domestic violence in the home was found in 1 study to be correlated with a higher likelihood of ever obtaining a Pap smear, but there was not a statistically significant relationship with correct utilization of the screening test.
Conclusion: Decreased utilization of cervical cancer screening is associated with a history of childhood physical and sexual abuse, as well as several other ACEs that were identified by researchers. It is important for providers to not only continue researching this relationship, but to also develop interventions to help identify patients with a history of ACEs that have not obtained cancer screening.
Keywords: Adverse childhood experiences, childhood trauma, childhood physical abuse, childhood sexual abuse, Pap smear, Pap test, Papanicolaou tes
Who\u27s to Blame?: Chivalric Projection and the Gender of Guilt
No full textTo what extent did chivalry promote a power difference between the sexes? In romantic works of medieval English literature, knights are commonly seen to project their values onto a female counterpart, which consequently leads them to pin their narrative successes or failures onto that person. This article examines “Le Roman de Tristan” and “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight” under the framework Stephen Ahern presents in “Listening to Guinevere”. The chivalric Tristan idolizes his beloved Ysolt to the point of delusion, causing him to condemn her when she fails to meet his unrealistic expectations, and thus to illustrate the temperamental nature of the relationship between knight and lady. “Sir Gawain” complicates the issue, as Gawain lacks the expected devotion to a lady. Using Amy S. Kaufman and Michelle Sweeney’s models of the configuration of power as lenses, I analyze Lady Bertilack’s manipulation of Sir Gawain’s chivalric values, and his resulting display of frustration towards himself, as a critique of gendered morals. By comparing these knights and their respective treatments of failure, I argue that the chivalric code’s inconstant values ultimately encourage its followers to see any female-encoded morals, whether external or internal, as the cause of knightly failure
Providing Assessment Feedback in the Form of Individualized Therapeutic Fables in a Residential Treatment Setting for Adolescents
No full textTherapeutic models of assessment are increasingly being used with children and adolescents. Within these models, feedback is often presented to children, and sometimes to adolescents, in the form of individualized therapeutic fables. The fables are intended to metaphorically capture the experience of the child as reflected in the test results. However, there is limited research on the effects of using therapeutic fables or their mechanism of action, especially with adolescents. In this study, a qualitative case study design was used to examine the use of therapeutic fables within the context of therapeutic assessments conducted at a residential treatment facility for adolescents. Five individual interviews and one group interview were conducted with a total of nine participants. Data were analyzed to create a detailed description of the fable creation process and fable uses, and an impact analysis was used to identify impacts of fable use on various stakeholders. Three broad categories of fable impact were identified: (a) impact on understanding of self, others, and environment; (b) relational impacts; and (c) experiential impacts. Limitations and risks related to the use of therapeutic fables were also identified. The specific effects varied between groups, with effects described for clients, families, treatment teams, the psychology department, other agency subsystems, and the agency as a whole. The unique process of fable development and use at the study site was found to provide varied benefits to clients, families, agency employees, and the agency as a whole, though specific effects varied greatly from fable to fable. It is anticipated that the fable development process used at the study site may serve as a useful model for assessment psychologists who wish to integrate therapeutic fable use into clinical practice
DPLA in the Pacific Northwest: The Orbis Cascade Alliance Case
No full textThe Orbis Cascade Alliance’s journey to becoming a Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) Service Hub illustrates some important challenges and opportunities in the world of digital cultural heritage work. Released in 2013, DPLA brings together cultural heritage content on a national digital platform. Since 2014 the Alliance has moved towards DPLA membership as part of a broader strategy to aggregate its members’ digital cultural heritage collections and make them more discoverable. Competing strategies for making content discoverable, limited financial resources, and differences in missions between institutions have been obstacles as the Alliance has worked towards aggregated collections and DPLA membership. The DPLA has experienced recent growing pains as evidenced by a staff downsizing in November 2018 and the closing of a major Service Hub shortly thereafter. Though the Alliance membership has made extensive progress in metadata standardization and aggregation in preparation for a DPLA ingest, as of June 2019, Alliance DPLA activity is on hold until a new Program Manager for Unique and Local Content comes on board