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‘What else isn’t true?’, or, Dennis Kelly’s Expressionism
No full textThis chapter reads two plays by Dennis Kelly which opened in London in 2013: The Ritual Slaughter of Gorge Mastromas (first performed in the UK at the Royal Court, 5 September 2013) and Kelly’s ‘version’ of Georg Kaiser’s 1912 Expressionist play From Morning to Midnight, (in a production at the National Theatre, first performed 19 November 2013). While not claiming that Kelly ‘is’ an Expressionist playwright, I read these plays and productions alongside and against each other, suggesting that together they offer a chance to examine the politics of Expressionism and its legacies in contemporary British theatre. In clarifying Kelly’s relation to Expressionist theatre, I focus on a Nietzschean questioning of what is called morality. Nietzsche can be seen as the linking intellectual shadow behind both Kaiser’s Expressionism and the moral universe of The Ritual Slaughter. Both plays invite audiences to think through the complex relations of morality, truth and dramatic form
Clinical trials reimagined:Integrating community engagement and artificial intelligence
No full textIn celebration of Clinical Trials Day, May 20, this collection of Voices highlights visionary perspectives on the evolving landscape of clinical research. It explores decentralized clinical trials, which bring research into participants' homes, enhancing diversity and convenience. It also emphasizes the imperative of community engagement to address health disparities and build trust. Finally, it showcases how generative AI promises to revolutionize drug discovery and clinical development through end-to-end automation and precision. Together, these insights underscore transformative shifts where innovation, inclusivity, and technology converge to accelerate the delivery of effective therapies for all.</p
Does the cost of borrowing increase for firms that are socially and environmentally irresponsible?
No full textThe research problemThis study aims to determine the financial repercussions for firms that engage in Irresponsible Environmental, Social, and Governance (IESG) practices. Specifically, it examines whether these practices influence the cost of debt through increased borrowing costs imposed by lending institutions.MotivationAmid growing scrutiny over corporate behaviour and its broader impacts, understanding how irresponsible practices affect corporate finance is crucial for stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and regulators. This research is driven by the need to explore beyond the often-studied beneficial impacts of positive ESG practices, focusing on the consequences of their negative counterparts.HypothesesThe current study makes three hypotheses as follows: First: ceteris paribus, there is a positive association between firms’ IESG practices and their cost of debt. Second, ceteris paribus, the anticipated positive impact of IESG practices on the cost of debt is more pronounced in countries with low levels of corruption. Finally, ceteris paribus, the anticipated positive impact of IESG practices on the cost of debt is more pronounced among firms in sinful industries.SampleThe analysis covers a broad international sample of 50,281 firm-year observations from non-financial listed firms across 44 countries, covering the years 2002 to 2022. This comprehensive dataset allows for generalised insights across various geographic and industrial contexts.Adopted methodologyMultivariate analysis is employed, based on pooled regression with standard errors clustered at the firm level to account for intra-firm correlations and potential heteroskedasticity. A two-stage instrumental variable approach is also employed to address potential endogeneity issues, providing a robust framework for examining the causal impact of IESG practices on the cost of debt.AnalysesThe analyses focus on evaluating the direct impact of IESG practices on borrowing costs, alongside assessing the moderating effects of the corruption perception index (CPI) and differentiating between industry types (sinful vs. non-sinful). Sensitivity tests are conducted to ensure the robustness of the findings against various model specifications and potential biases.Findings and ImplicationsThe findings indicate a universally significant positive relationship between IESG practices and the cost of debt, confirming that firms engaged in irresponsible practices face higher borrowing costs. This effect is particularly pronounced in countries with lower levels of corruption, emphasising the critical role of national governance in influencing corporate behaviour. Moreover, the analysis reveals no significant differences between sinful and non-sinful industries, suggesting uniform financial penalties for irresponsible practices across sectors. These results are robust across a range of sensitivity analyses, affirming the reliability of the conclusions. The study offers valuable insights for lending institutions, firms, and credit rating agencies about the financial implications of irresponsible corporate practices. It highlights the importance for policymakers and regulators to enforce comprehensive ESG guidelines that encourage substantive disclosures and responsible behaviours
Intraepithelial T cells move from gut to breast to shape lactation
No full textDuring late gestation, unconventional intraepithelial αβ T cells migrate from the gut to the mammary gland to remodel the tissue for lactation and enhance its mucosal barrier state
Interprofessional Co-Debriefing in Simulation—Role Modeling Collaboration:A Qualitative Study
No full textIntroduction: Effective debriefing is a key element of simulation-based learning, providing an opportunity to facilitate critical reflection and promote constructive conversations, with generalization of the learning experience to real-life health care and collaborative practice. Co-debriefing, meaning a debrief involving more than 1 simulation facilitator, has potential benefits as well as challenges. Interprofessional co-debriefing, where 2 or more members of different professional groups debrief together, has not yet been fully explored in the literature. Methods: A qualitative approach was used to explore the benefits and challenges of interprofessional co-debriefing from a simulation faculty perspective. Individual semistructured interviews were recorded and transcribed, with data analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Ten interviews were conducted with health care professionals in Christchurch, New Zealand, who co-debrief simulation with faculty from other professions. Three major themes were identified: 1. Developing Debriefers—simulation faculty require opportunities to develop interprofessional co-debriefing skills; 2. Teaming and Collaboration —bringing co-debriefing teams together, role modeling interprofessional collaboration; 3. Logistics and Sustainability—top-down institutional/bottom-up champion support is required to overcome logistical barriers of bringing together multiple professional groups. The reported benefits and challenges of interprofessional co-debriefing were linked to these themes. Conclusions: This interprofessional group of simulation debriefers identified a number of benefits to interprofessional co-debriefing, along with several challenges. Debriefers require support to develop as role models of interprofessional collaboration. Peer mentoring and faculty development opportunities, along with consideration of the logistics that make this model of debriefing sustainable are needed for this nascent field of simulation-based education practice to evolve and mature.</p
Role of artificial intelligence in data-centric additive manufacturing processes for biomedical applications
No full textThe role of additive manufacturing (AM) for healthcare applications is growing, particularly in the aspiration to meet subject-specific requirements. This article reviews the application of artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance pre-, during-, and post-AM processes to meet a wider range of subject-specific requirements of healthcare interventions. This article introduces common AM processes and AI tools, such as supervised learning, unsupervised learning, deep learning, and reinforcement learning. The role of AI in pre-processing is described in the core dimensions like structural design and image reconstruction, material design and formulations, and processing parameters. The role of AI in a printing process is described based on hardware specifications, printing configurations, and core operational parameters such as temperature. Likewise, the post-processing describes the role of AI for surface finishing, dimensional accuracy, curing processes, and a relationship between AM processes and bioactivity. The later sections provide detailed scientometric studies, thematic evaluation of the subject topic, and also reflect on AI ethics in AM for biomedical applications. This review article perceives AI as a robust and powerful tool for AM of biomedical products. From tissue engineering (TE) to prosthesis, lab-on-chip to organs-on-a-chip, and additive biofabrication for range of products; AI holds a high potential to screen desired process-property-performance relationships for resource-efficient pre- to post-AM cycle to develop high-quality healthcare products with enhanced subject-specific compliance specification
Alienation and/or Anomie in Pharmacists:A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis of the International Literature
No full textBackgroundFlourishing and belonging are key concepts for the wellbeing of staff and the success of a profession. Alienation and anomie are distinct types of psycho-social ills which inhibit flourishing and belonging. A better understanding of these may offer hope in preventing many negative work endpoints, including burnout and intention to leave.ObjectivesTo systematically review and narratively synthesise alienation and/or anomie in pharmacists across the globe, reviewing all types of methodological designs, published in peer-reviewed journals.MethodsWe identified published peer-reviewed research through searching eight electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science – Core Collection, Scopus, and Google Scholar) and extensive hand/citation searching. Two independent reviewers identified and critiqued eligible studies, extracted data, and synthesised the findings. The synthesis evaluated the focuses, causes, associated factors, and/or consequences of alienation and/or anomie and aligned these to six deductive themes from alienation theory: care; values; meaning; recognition; autonomy; and shared responsibility.ResultsSearches identified 886 papers, with 47 included in the final results. From the synthesis, ten key causes of alienation and/or anomie were identified; 1) Changing Professional Identity, 2) Reimbursement Models & Corporatisation, 3) Focus on Medicines Rather than People, 4) Misunderstanding & Deprofessionalisation, 5) Environments & Culture, 6) Suboptimal Societal Mandate, 7) Roles Misaligned with Aspirations, 8) Systematic Underutilisation, 9) Lack of Professional Agency, and 10) Value Conflict. From the evidence, there was high confidence that inhibitions of care, values, recognition, and/or autonomy (four of the six deductive themes) were associated with alienation and/or anomie.ConclusionAlienation and/or anomie are present across many countries and regions. This paper helps us understand the aetiology of this complex psycho-social syndrome, a necessary first step in creating an inclusive profession where all pharmacists can flourish. Future research needs to trial new interventions targeted at correcting this professional malady
Dental Age Assessment:An Indian Perspective
No full textForensic applications of age estimation in India involve assessing both living as well as deceased individuals. Age estimation is a common tool utilized in both civil and criminal investigations. The human age is a measure, typically stated in years, of the period lived since birth, so the indubitable registration of the date of birth is critical to estimate an individual’s chronological age. Scientific techniques assess age as a measure of the biological, psychological, and social changes that occur during the course of a lifetime
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