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The role of the funnel plot in detecting publication and related biases in meta-analysis
No full textCo-operation between different targeting pathways during integration of a membrane protein
No full textMembrane protein assembly is a fundamental process in all cells. The membrane-bound Rieske iron-sulfur protein is an essential component of the cytochrome bc(1) and cytochrome b(6)f complexes, and it is exported across the energy-coupling membranes of bacteria and plants in a folded conformation by the twin arginine protein transport pathway (Tat) transport pathway. Although the Rieske protein in most organisms is a monotopic membrane protein, in actinobacteria, it is a polytopic protein with three transmembrane domains. In this work, we show that the Rieske protein of Streptomyces coelicolor requires both the Sec and the Tat pathways for its assembly. Genetic and biochemical approaches revealed that the initial two transmembrane domains were integrated into the membrane in a Sec-dependent manner, whereas integration of the third transmembrane domain, and thus the correct orientation of the iron-sulfur domain, required the activity of the Tat translocase. This work reveals an unprecedented co-operation between the mechanistically distinct Sec and Tat systems in the assembly of a single integral membrane protein.</p
Future integration of silicon electronics with miniature piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers and arrays
No full textThe long-established pace of progress in semiconductor electronics, expressed by Moore's Law, has led to new opportunities in medical ultrasound imaging. Traditionally, ultrasound systems have separated the transducer array from most of the electronic instrumentation, with multicore physical cabling in between. This avoids problems with electrical power, functional density, and communication bandwidth. However, it is far from ideal in terms of cost, ergonomics, and the need to interface instrumentation and the transducer with the cable, and it causes particular difficulties with miniature devices. Given these issues, and the relatively slow progress in front-end transducer technology, integration of the transducer with electronics is certain to increase, most likely at a pace governed by financial investment, development of electronics for other applications, and the realisation of high volume ultrasound applications. This paper therefore considers motivations for increased integration, technical barriers, and relevant new techniques, particularly related to microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Increased integration will rely on advances in integrated circuit (IC) electronics, device assembly, and microsystems engineering, with key constraints being the packaging of a system in a small volume and the power supply. System partitioning will determine where functionality will reside physically within the imaging hardware and software. This paper considers relevant recent developments in academic research and industry, with a particular focus on medical applications. IC design is important because it defines parameters such as power consumption. 45 nm ICs are now in high volume production but the present relatively small ultrasound market makes adoption difficult. Ingenuity in exploiting existing technology cost-effectively and bespoke engineering where required are likely to be important for integration of piezoelectric material with electronics technology and functionality will correspond with different layers in a device. In this paper, examples are selected from the authors' work to illustrate progress and suggest how MEMS roadmaps and application demands may relate to future systems
Force measurement on fracture site with external fixation
No full textA force measurement device has been designed to monitor the mechanical properties of fracture site with external fixation. Forces are measured through electric resistance strain gauges mounted on fixation framework and the measurement results are displayed on an LCD screen. The device features a force range of 0-10 kg with linearity and repeatability less than 1% and accuracy less than 0.1 kg.</p
Evaluating industry-inspired pair programming communication guidelines with undergraduate students
No full textA set of industry-inspired pair programming guidelines have been derived from qualitative examinations of expert pairs in order to aid novice programmers with their intra-pair communication. This research describes the evaluation of these guidelines with a set of student pairs, and demonstrates how novice pairs who were exposed to the guidelines were more comfortable communicating within their pairs
Irreversible local sequelae of inadvertent extrusion of calcium hydroxide intra-canal medication::a case report
No full textCalcium hydroxide is a highly alkaline bacteriocidal intra-canal medicament. We present the case of a patient who developed anaesthesia of upper lip and cheek on the right side of her face following the placement of intracanal calcium hydroxide medicament into tooth 16 and the inadvertent extrusion of this paste. A route, along which the paste tracked, is proposed to account for the neural changes. The clinical presentation, radiographic investigations, treatment is outlined and discussed. The mechanism of toxicity of the paste is reviewed
Researching Distressing Topics:Emotional Reflexivity and Emotional Labor in the Secondary Analysis of Children and Young People’s Narratives of Abuse
No full textQualitative researchers who explore sensitive topics may expose themselves to emotional distress. Consequently, researchers are often faced with the challenge of maintaining emotional equilibrium during the research process. However, discussion on the management of difficult emotions has occupied a peripheral place within accounts of research practice. With rare exceptions, the focus of published accounts is concentrated on the analysis of emotional phenomena which emerge during the collection of primary research data. Hence, there is a comparative absence of a dialogue around the emotional dimensions of working with secondary data sources. This article highlights some of the complex ways in which emotions enter the research process during secondary analysis and the ways in which we engaged with and managed emotional states such as anger, sadness and horror. The concepts of emotional labour and emotional reflexivity are employed to consider the ways in we ‘worked with’ and ‘worked on’ emotion. In doing so, we draw on our collective experiences of working on two collaborative projects with ChildLine Scotland in which secondary analysis was conducted on children’s narratives of distress, worry, abuse and neglect
Devising the Plot:communicating designers thinking through storytelling
No full textThe way practice-centred design researchers use language to communicate their creative practice in an academic context is a problem. In current design research writing, the voice of the practitioner is lost because the relation between thinking and making is not adequately discussed and argued. This paper shares the results of a small qualitative study aiming to develop an approach to critical writing about designing that draws upon individual thinking practices (i.e. tools, techniques and methods for nurturing individual creativity). Discussion attends to the challenges facing the design researcher when communicating the rhetorical relation between personal, subjective experiences and objective communication of concepts, strategies and operational decisions in design thinking. In the study, storytelling is used as the means of developing a style of writing that bridges academic writing and visual research; creative thinking and research language; individual creativity and collective communication. As such, the paper asks if the method of storytelling is an effective, efficient and valuable method for communicating practice-centred research to a diverse audience. Through analysis of stories and evaluation of workshop discourses, the paper closes by articulating a series of recommendations for developing a strategy for practice-centred design researchers to communicate their thinking through writing to diverse audiences. <br/
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