Revista Universitaria de Historia Militar (RUHM)
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“Comer caldo aguado con cuchillo…” Organización y logística del Ejército del Midi en la prefectura de Jerez (1810-1812)
Get PDFThis study strives to Napoleonic occupation tasks, supplying and daily life during the Peninsular War, using French sources partly original (National Archives and Military Archives of Vincennes) and also few Spanish sources (Archivo Histórico Nacional, Archivo de Marina D. Álvaro de Bazán) in this purpose.
Studying the operational display of the First Corps (Army of Midi), initially directed by Marshal Victor, in the prefecture of Jerez between February 1810 and August 1812 give us new visions of the blockade of Cadiz and the fierce fight against the Resistance of the Serranos. For example, we bring unknown facts about French deceived attempts to take the port city, in this times the mayor symbol of the Insurgent Cause. Napoleon was hardly disappointed by the longtime ineffective bombardment by means of gigantic mortars smelted in Sevilla (one of them always present in London, in front of the Horse Guard building) from the Matagorda Castle. So he wanted to threaten its crowded inhabitants with incendiary rockets, which were imitated of the William Congreve\u27s invention, successful experimented against the fleet and the capital of Denmark, in 1807. This way, too, would be a failure in the spring of 1812, and it was the last demonstration of Imperator\u27s interest for the Spanish theater. Otherwise, to contain the insurrection in the Serrania de Ronda and to face his militarization, since the spring of 1812the French military authorities surrounded her by a fortified line, an innovatory counterinsurgency solution reproduced during the Wars of Decolonization.
Moreover, the analysis of it logistical system shows the failure in pacifying this province, whereas this situation appears almost exceptional in the Andalusia occupied. The First Corps endured larges backlog arrears suffered from food shortage by the end of 1811. Since the next spring, the French soldiers only received a half-ration, soon reduced to a quarter. Their fallen moral appeared to many signs: discouraged letters to closely related, protest songs (one of them reproduced and analyzed here) and a crescent desertion, facilitated by the authorities of Cadiz and recognized by Marshal Soult himself.Este trabajo propone una aproximación a las misiones de ocupación y a la vida cotidiana de las tropas napoleónicas durante la Guerra de la Independencia, apoyándose para ello en fuentes francesas parcialmente inéditas procedentes del Archivo Nacional y del Castillo de Vincennes. Al analizar el despliegue operacional del Primer Cuerpo (Ejército del Midi) en la prefectura jerezana propone nuevas aportaciones para el estudio del bloqueo de Cádiz y de la lucha contra la resistencia de los serranos. No obstante, es el análisis de su sistema logístico el que revela el fracaso de la pacificación de la provincia, situación casi excepcional en el ámbito de Andalucía entre los años 1810 y 1812
María LÓPEZ DÍAZ (ed.): Galicia y la instauración de la Monarquía borbónica. Poder, élites y dinámica política, editorial Sílex, Madrid, 2016, 377 pp., ISBN: 978‐84‐7737‐655‐2.
Get PDFReseña de la obra María LÓPEZ DÍAZ (ed.): Galicia y la instauración de la Monarquía borbónica. Poder, élites y dinámica política, editorial Sílex, Madrid, 2016, 377 pp., ISBN: 978‐84‐7737‐655‐2. A cargo de Rubén Castro Redondo
Antoinette BURTON: The Trouble With Empire: Challenges to Modern British Imperialism, Nueva York: Oxford University Press, 2015, 336 pp., ISBN: 978‐0199936601
Get PDFReseña de la obra Antoinette BURTON: The Trouble With Empire: Challenges to Modern British Imperialism, Nueva York: Oxford University Press, 2015, 336 pp., ISBN: 978‐0199936601. A cargo de María Gajate Bajo
La diffusione delle armi da fuoco nel dominio visconteo (secolo XIV)
Get PDFIt may be generally observed that the military historiography about medieval Italy has been paying very little attention to the history of weapons; and it is in particular possible to say that the studies available on the diffusion and use of fire arms are very few –and mostly old– in Italy, especially related to the 14th century. Yet, analyzing the documentation available for the Visconti domain, which was certainly capable of fielding massive armies, they appear as an increasing presence and then constant, among the various available weapons. The purpose of this work is, therefore, to fill this gap by proposing an initial analysis of the problem, and showing the need for wider and organic work, to define more precisely the scope, techniques, and contexts in which firearms were used in Italy during the fourteenth century.
Although it is true that there are reports of the use of this type of weapons in the Italic Peninsula from the earliest dates –specifically from 1326 in Florence and from 1327 in the Castle of Gassino– the exhaustive scrutiny of unpublished sources coming from the visconteo domain made by the authors, has allowed them to define the conditions in which the reception and diffusion of these important technical innovations took place in this territory.
Among the results derived from their research, it is possible to verify the use of artillery machines in both offensive and defensive operations. Nevertheless, the use of artillery was concentrated mainly in the defense of cities and fortified places only from 1350 on, while the spread of portable firearms began later. Indeed, the first examples of this instruments actual use of these instruments are dated in the middle of the 1360s. However, the reception and effective use of these weapons are two phenomena synchronous to the expansion of the artillery detonated with gunpowder and, in fact, as in the first case, its expansion took place, in its initial phase, around the control and the defense of fortifications. On the other hand, and beyond the technical level, it should also be noted that the manufacture and the commercialization of firearms was strongly directed from power, as it was the lord who had the authority to grant licenses of production of this type of armament.Si può in generale osservare che la storiografia militare italiana sull’età medievale abbia riservato pochissima attenzione alla storia delle armi: ed è in particolare possibile affermare che pochissimi – e per lo più invecchiati – sono gli studi disponibili sulla diffusione e l’uso, soprattutto per il Trecento, delle armi da fuoco in Italia. Eppure, analizzando in tal senso la documentazione disponibile per il dominio Visconteo, che fu senz’altro capace di mettere in campo eserciti imponenti, esse appaiono come una presenza prima crescente e poi costante tra le armi disponibili. Scopo del presente lavoro è quindi di colmare tale lacuna, proponendo una prima analisi sul problema, e mostrando la necessità di più ampi e organici lavori, per definire con maggior precisione gli ambiti, le tecniche, e i contesti in cui le armi da fuoco furono impiegate nell’Italia del XIV secolo.
Parole chiave: Storia Medievale, Storia Militare, Visconti, Armi, Armi da fuoco.
Título: La difusión de las armas de fuego en el dominio de los Visconti (siglo XIV)
[ES] Resumen: La historiografía militar italiana sobre la Edad Media ha dedicado, en general, muy poca atención a la Historia del armamento y, en particular, a la difusión y el uso de las armas de fuego, especialmente durante el siglo XIV. Sin embargo, al analizar la documentación disponible para el dominio de los Visconti (ciudad y ducado de Milán), quienes fueron capaces de movilizar ejércitos imponentes, se observa que las armas de fuego fueron adquiriendo una importancia creciente entre los recursos armamentísticos empleados. Con este trabajo se pretende contribuir a completar la citada laguna historiográfica, proponiendo un primer análisis acerca de los ámbitos, las técnicas y los contextos en los que se emplearon armas de fuego en la Italia del siglo XIV y, en particular, en los territorios controlados por la Casa de los Visconti
Javier MARTÍNEZ BABÓN: Los Hicsos y su conquista de Egipto, Barcelona, Dstoria edicions, 2015
No full textReseña de la obra Javier MARTÍNEZ BABÓN: Los Hicsos y su conquista de Egipto, Barcelona, Dstoria edicions, 2015, 260 pp., ISBN: 978-84-941455-4-4. A cargo de Carlos Heredia Chimeno.
Paul OLDFIELD y Kathryn HURLOCK (eds.): Crusading and Pilgrimage in the Norman World, Woodbridge, Boydell, 2015
No full textReseña de la obra de Paul OLDFIELD y Kathryn HURLOCK (eds.): Crusading and Pilgrimage in the Norman World, Woodbridge, Boydell, 2015, 248 pp., ISBN: 9781783270255. A cargo de Daniel González Palma
Omer BARTOV: El ejército de Hitler. Soldados, nazis y guerra en el Tercer Reich, Madrid, La Esfera de los Libros, 2017
Get PDFReseña de la obra de Omer BARTOV: El ejército de Hitler. Soldados, nazis y guerra en el Tercer Reich, Madrid, La Esfera de los Libros, 2017, 284 pp., ISBN: 978-84-9060-878-4. A cargo de Miguel Ángel Collado Aguilar
Ermelindo PORTELA SILVA: El báculo y la ballesta. Diego Gelmírez (c. 1065‐ 1140), Madrid, Marcial Pons, 2017, 380 pp., ISBN: 978‐8415963974
Get PDFReseña de Ermelindo PORTELA SILVA: El báculo y la ballesta. Diego Gelmírez (c. 1065‐ 1140), Madrid, Marcial Pons, 2017, 380 pp., ISBN: 978‐8415963974. A cargo de Francisco Javier Pérez Rodríguez
Richard W. KAEUPER: Medieval Chivalry, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2016, 447 pp., ISBN: 9780521137959
Get PDFReseña de la obra Richard W. KAEUPER: Medieval Chivalry, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2016, 447 pp., ISBN: 9780521137959. A cargo de David Porrinas
Número completo 6:12
No full textPara facilitar al máximo el acceso de los lectores a los contenidos de la Revista Universitaria de Historia Militar proporcionamos este enlace directo para la descarga del número completo. With the pourpose of making much more easier the access of our readers to the contents of the University Journal of Military History we provide this direct link in order to download the complete issue