ICONARP - International Journal Of Architecture And Planning
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Determination of Urban Sprawl Effects on Farmlands Value Using GIS
Get PDFThis paper presents to determine urban sprawl boundaries and the factors of affecting farmland value in urban sprawl. Urban sprawl index is calculated to identify its boundaries and Analytic Hierarchic Process Method is used for determined to weight for the factors. By using these weights in the Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, the value map is created. We illustrate that the farmlands in urban sprawls lost their properties and transformed into urban lands. The analyses revealed that farm criteria have no effect on the lands in urban sprawl. Both urban and rural solutions should be improved in order to prevent the abuse of fertile farmlands that occurred as a result of urban sprawl
A Comparative Analysis of the Spatial Characteristic of Apartment Buildings in Gaziantep, Turkey
Get PDFThis study aims to analyze the planning and design process, basic principles, and the change-transformation process of the apartment type residential buildings in Turkey, Gaziantep. The scope of the research consists of residential buildings built in the post-Republican period in Gaziantep. The basic materials of the research are zoning-city plans, plan explanation reports, plan diagrams of buildings and photographs based on field research. The method of the research is based on a comparative analysis of spatial changes in apartment buildings according to historical background. These changes evaluated from the analysis of a series of variables ranging from parcel-level to plan projects, access graphs to spatial size and ratios. As a result of the study, it is seen that the access graph and space sizes of the apartment-type residential buildings dating back to the 1960s, have significantly changed. However, differences and variations are mostly observed in the first plan typologies and it is noteworthy that this diversity has reduced, and similar plan schemes have been widely used in recent examples
Calligraphy as a Metaphoric Tool for Basic Design Courses
Get PDFThe primary purpose of this study is to show that works of art (painting, music, sculpture, literature, etc.) can be used as means of guidance for the designers, and triggering creativity. On the other hand, the secondary purpose is to prove the mettle art of calligraphy as a tool of guidance for the freshmen and a trigger for creativity in the context of basic design discipline. During the fall semesters in 2015-2016 and 2016-2017, the main theme for Basic Design Course at Karadeniz Technical University, Department of Architecture was chosen and determined as “Anatolian Arts”. Within the context of the chosen theme, it was tried to reveal the potential relationship between “Anatolian Arts and Basic Design Elements and Principles”, moreover, the usability of Anatolian Arts as a tool of design. In this aim, from the whole semester, only one sample of practice has been chosen to put forward the hypothesis of relationship between arts and education increases the creativity in terms of basic design elements (dot, line, direction, shape/form, distance, size, proportion), for this study; a sampling through “basic design elements” with the “art of calligraphy” has been made. Within this hypothesis, the “art of calligraphy” and its characters were introduced briefly and this characteristic situation was questioned in the given design problems by means of “basic design elements”. In short, this study, which exemplifies the state of calligraphy as a metaphoric tool in design education, focuses on the partnerships of calligraphy and basic design elements. Design elements such as “dot”, “line”, “direction”, “shape/form”, “distance”, “size” and “proportion”are reinterpreted in the context of the characteristics of calligraphy. Thus, the art of calligraphy has become a metaphoric tool
A Simulation-Based Accessibility Modeling Approach to Evaluate Performance of Transportation Networks by using Directness Concept and GIS
Get PDFRanging from simple to sophisticated, numerous types of accessibility measures are found in the accessibility modeling literature which helps to understand accessibility of people, place and transportation networks. Transportation network directness (reciprocal is “circuity”), which is defined as the ratio of the shortest Euclidean distance over network distance between demand (origin) and destination (supply) points, could be considered as an important type of measure for understanding accessibility for a variety of context. Although there are several research and literature on transportation network directness and accessibility modeling, the research that integrates transportation network directness concept into accessibility modeling process in such a way to provide understanding of the overall accessibility performance of the transportation networks without losing the local interactions is quite limited.Based on this idea, the basic aim of this research is to propose a new transportation network directness-based accessibility modeling methodology that could be used to test both the local and the overall accessibility performance of transportation networks in a simple and comparable manner by using GIS. By considering regularly produced virtual origins and destinations on the transportation network in a “simulation” manner, the proposed methodology could produce “travel time/distance” based accessibility measures that could operate without a need for real time supply/demand or origin/destination data.The advantage of using a virtual regular data set instead of real time data is that; it is more simple, easy to operate and most importantly, more realistic to understand performance of transportation networks as most of the possible origin/destination scenarios could be represented in the proposed model. The outputs of the model could be widely used by the decision-makers who are supposed to deal with accessibility, location/allocation, and service/catchment area related issues by several aims such as; to test the overall/partial performance of the transportation networks, to understand the weakly connected parts of the transportation network and/or to compare the accessibility performance of different networks with each other.The proposed methodology is applied in 3 cities with different types of transportation network which are Paris, FRANCE (radial network); San Francisco, USA (grid network) and Ankara, TURKEY (mixed network) in order to able to demonstrate the performance and efficiency of the proposed model. The main focus of the case study is not to evaluate specific accessibility conditions or transportation network performance in a detailed manner but to provide a methodological discussion about the proposed directness based accessibility modeling process
Evaluation of Traditional Şirince Houses According to Sustainable Construction Principles
Get PDFŞirince is a village which has unique traditional building samples and which is heavily influenced by the influx of tourists in the summer season for the last decade. Many buildings in Şirince have changed function due to tourism activities and a significant amount of them have been renovated. Besides, some new buildings has been constructed from modern building materials such as reinforced concrete in the settlement. Since the management plan has not yet put into force in the region, excessive interventions can be seen in renovations and restorations. However, the settlement is still facing a decrease in population for some reasons. In order to preserve the population of Şirince the sustainability of the region has to be ensured and the existing historical and architectural texture has to be preserved. This study mainly focuses on the evaluation of Şirince according to sustainable construction principles and suggests some interventions in order to increase the sustainability. As a first statement it can be mentioned that, tourism has to be viewed as a means rather than an end to improve the sustainability of the settlement. The constructions has to be carried out according to ecology based principles, a healthy built environment has to be created and non-renewable natural sources has to be used efficiently to increase the sustainability in constructions. Excessive restoration interventions has to be prevented, traditional materials and techniques has to be preserved. Reusing and recycling of materials has to be evaluated in order to make environment-friendly applications.
Architectural Hybridity in Contextual Representations for The Moment of Synchronic Essence
Get PDFHybridization can be described briefly as the encountering of two different situations, the positioning together rather than destroying each other. Many situations can be defined as ‘’hybrid’’ if it can relate to its surroundings or previous periods in a cultural or physical sense. The study aims to explain that using the hybrid systems while transforming is an important method to construct the essence of place. Within the scope of the study, a methodological discussion with the questions on hybridity in design has been developed on examples selected as ‘’contextual representations’’. Along with this theoretical framework, four different hybrid approaches considered as the main theme of the study are: mixed / merged (antique vernacular architecture of Çavdarhisar), front / rear (Zvi Hecker, Palmach Museum of History, Tel-Aviv, Israel, Amateur Architecture Studio, Ningbo Historic Museum, Ningbo), side by side combination of different centuries (LMO, Evangelist Educational Centre Hospitalhof) and lower / upper (Peter Zumthor, Art Kolumba Museum, Cologne). Considering the examples, the common goal of hybrid systems was to reach the “spiritual moment of synchronic essence” or a ‘’perpetual essence’’
The Necessity of Integration of Flood Risk Reduction Strategies with Spatial Planning Decisions in Turkey, by Comparing Exemplary Practices in Developed Countries
Get PDFIn recent years, floods have obtained a predominant position among natural disasters worldwide, due to their rising number of occurrence and negative impacts. Flood and flash flood events affected many places adversely and caused serious human and material losses in Turkey. The search for a solution related to this problematic issue has become the starting point of the research. Noteworthy factors that increase the risk of flooding in Turkey include the effects of global climate change, increasing number of urban areas, changes in landscape, wrong land use decisions, spatial planning approaches disregarding natural thresholds and the phenomenon of natural risk. In this context, spatial planning approaches are needed to reinforce settlements against flooding disasters and ensure sustainability. In this study, international conferences and approaches of developed countries (United States, European Union and Switzerland) to reducing flood risk were investigated. In this context, this study describes existing legal-administrative structures and practices for the solution of problems caused by floods in Turkey and examines their relationship with spatial planning studies. The objective of this study is to demonstrate that the key to success in all efforts to prevent damages to property caused by floods in Turkey is "the need for ensuring integration of such efforts with spatial planning decisions at all scales", by comparing exemplary practices in developed countries to those in Turkey. In this sense, suggestions are made in relation to the spatial planning regulations and to organizational structure based on the findings of the research in relation to the application in Turkey
Re-coding The Characteristics of Public Spaces: The Case of İstanbul
Get PDFThis study proposes a quantitative assessment method to ascertain urban square potential at 12 gates of the historic city wall where different typologies, characteristics and periodic features are observed in Fatih district of Istanbul. The quantitative assessment method is based upon a series of indexes including 7 factors in total consisting of 35 indicators. The proposed method developed an “urban square potential index”, making use of “transport and accessibility”, “convex size”, “built-up environment”, “purpose of use and density”, “morphology”, “landscaping character” and “identity” factors. This index enables assessment of a square according to a) historical-cultural heritage richness and identity, b) functional diversity, c) accessibility, and d) vitality and spatial quality. This paper presents a base for “decision-support system” for decision-makers in determination of the most suitable square with a limited budget, time, labor and equipment during urban square development, design and improvement activities. Furthermore, it allows determination and implementation of the necessary interventions/improvements in order for the available undefined urban spaces to gain urban square functions.
Roots of Urban Morphology
Get PDFThis paper provides a comprehensive review of the research field of urban morphology: the study of urban form. Urban morphology is a growing field of cross-disciplinary research, attracting worldwide interest among scholars in architecture, geography and planning. It aims to decipher the physical form, the urban landscape or townscape of complex contemporary cities. This paper discusses the evolution of urban morphology, from its conceptual foundations in research on the physical form of urban areas. Interestingly, the roots of urban morphology can be traced back to different disciplines in different countries. This discussion will cast light on various research perspectives of urban morphology, as well as discussing similarities and differences between the geographical and the architectural approaches to urban form studies. This is followed by a closer look at the theories developed by Gianfranco Caniggia and MRG Conzen. Their work has been an inspiration for many practitioners and researchers, including Whitehand, Maffei, and Moudon to name a few. Finally, a schematic diagram is presented, which reflects the heightened activity of research on physical form that is currently occurring in several disciplines simultaneously, and showing the relationships between research traditions and authors. As the formation and development of the urban landscape becomes ever more diverse, it is necessary to revisit and use the concepts and methods established by Caniggia and Conzen in the management of urban landscape changes
Effects on Students’ Perceptual Evaluations of the Wall Colors Used in Design Studios by the Virtual Reality Method
Get PDFIn this study, it was aimed to determine the perceived quality of three modeled virtual design studios which have the same characteristics but different colors (warm, cool and neutral) and to determine whether there was a difference between the real space and the evaluations made in the virtual space. Accordingly, it was assumed that the wall coloring of the virtual studio space models that were modeled could affect the perceptions of the students and that virtual space evaluations would be in parallel with real space evaluations. To test the assumption, the study modeled the environments of three design studios with different colors assumed to exist at a design studio of the Selçuk University and students were asked to evaluate these virtual spaces with the aid of virtual reality goggles. As a result, it has been determined that there was no difference between the perceptual evaluations of real and virtual spaces designed with the same features. In addition, according to the spatial scale, it was determined that the cool colored space were perceived as “more roomy” and “more inviting” by the students compared to the warm colored space and that the cool colored space was also evaluated more positively for the social adaptation and individual productivity scales