ICONARP - International Journal Of Architecture And Planning
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A Theoretical Approach to the Spaces of the New Future: Planning under the Uncertainty Principle
Get PDFOver the past few decades, the world has become an increasingly dangerous and complex place, and thus, expectations from spatial planning have changed. The study defines the concept of uncertainty as an important problem area of spatial planning. Based on lack of native studies on this subject, it is aimed to reveal how the uncertainties in spatial planning process are handled in international literature. It consists of two basic steps. In the first step, a three-stage model, "Uncertainty Components of Spatial Planning" is proposed. These stages involve (i) the conceptualization, (ii) the classification and (iii) the evaluation of uncertainty. In the second step, a triangular framework was formed for the conceptualization stage of this model having components of (1) identification and modelling, (2) theories and processes, (3) legal regulations. The theoretical handling suggested that the concept of uncertainty is synonymously used with the concepts of vagueness and ambiguity in everyday life despite their differences. It is also found that uncertainty is the subject of many international studies having a common point of presenting either a model or a method to evaluate uncertainty. These studies were categorized in three groups in handling uncertainty; (1) in multidisciplinary context within a general framework, (2) in the field of planning under two subcategories (2a and 2b), and (3) in the field of environment. The studies carried out in the second category allowed for regular conceptual patterns in themselves, and they were shallower and more inward-oriented than those studies in the 1st and 3rd groups, and there is an apparent interaction between the 1st and the 3rd groups. In the model proposed, the focus was only on (i) the conceptualization. However, as the origin, definition and basis of the concept of uncertainty were revealed, it might provide an important initiation for future studies. The study is original in introducing the concept of uncertainty to native literature by elaborating on how it is handled in international studies. Proposals were offered on how to place this concept on a theoretical basis before establishing an evaluation framework for uncertainties within the spatial planning process in Türkiye
Poetic Emergence and Insight from the Trace of the “Line”: A Reading on Carlo Scarpa’s Castelvecchio Museum Drawings
Get PDFThis study aims to trace the line and to conduct a discussion about poetics as it arises from the trace or drawing of that line. The study, therefore, considers the act of drawing as a thinking practice and explores the dynamic relationship between “line”, “the act of drawing”, and “drawing” through sketches. This study is based on the qualitative research method that discusses the conceptual relationship between language and poetry. This relationship is crossed with not-language and not-poetry and is explained through the approach of “poetic emergence” and “poetic insight”. A sample analysis is made through the concepts of “dream, image, and affectivity”, which are generated from this approach. The study’s sample group is the selected sketches of Carlo Scarpa’s Castelvecchio Museum. These sketches have been evaluated using the content analysis technique. The tracking of the line reveals a personal journey that includes the image, dream, and affectivity. Although Scarpa’s dialogue with the designer of the Castelvecchio Museum sketches has ended, their dialogue with its observer continues. At the end of the sketches’ reading, one makes inferences on emotions. These emotions, which derive from an ambiguous world of dreams and images, have created moments of “poetic emergence”, while poetic emergence and its moments of emergence have created the “poetic understanding”, which is personally internalized. Since the moments of poetic emergence and understanding arose from each other, they have not been revealed themselves in a specific order, but in a reticulated cycle flowing into each other. Subjecting the study to a subjective evaluation process has created limitations in the context of the content of the qualitative research method. The study, which unfolds over the poetics, is valuable as it discusses the intangible dimensions of architecture through the line standing at the intersection of the material and the immaterial
Reproduction of Architecture in Modernizing Local Architecture: The Case of Muqarnas
Get PDFThe present study aims to investigate the cultural identity concept and its relation to cultural heritage within a conservation framework under the threat of unfettered interventions for modernity and its requirements by analyzing the reproduced architectural works. Furthermore, the study focused on clarifying and tracking the effects of architectural reproduction on society and individuals, as well as on the local way of thinking and local culture in a specific region known as the "Levant." The research method is developed in two interconnected ways: qualitative \u27interpretive\u27 research methods are used to explain the pure concept of cultural heritage, while a \u27simulation strategy\u27 is used between traditional and historical architectural elements to create new architectural elements with historical origins and contemporary touches. Construct logic is a method of "modernizing local architecture”, in that it controls modern architecture and uses it to develop local architecture rather than obliterating and distorting it. "Muqarnas," one of the Islamic architectural decorative elements widely used in the Levant and surrounding geography, is chosen as the simulation case study for developing new contemporary architectural elements used both structurally and decoratively. The simulation approach used in the study is limited to several traditional architectural elements from the study\u27s historical and cultural context, which were documented with architectural and technical data as well as illustrative drawings. It may be possible to raise conservation awareness by simulating some traditional architectural elements and developing them in a highly technical environment. Furthermore, it can provide the opportunity to obtain new architectural elements of a contemporary cultural nature that resist architectural reproduction in a variety of internal and external fields, as well as structural solutions
Evolution of Production Spaces: A Historical Review for Projecting Smart Factories
Get PDFFactories are transforming not only mechanically and technologically but also architecturally due to emerging developments in the industry and fabrication: This new process, called the Second Machine Age or Industry 4.0, a new model is designed in production by providing the human-machine partnership over a virtual network. It is aimed that the machines used in production and the people participating in different stages of production can work in different spaces. In time, jobs that require human power will be replaced by robots, and a new order is being considered where there will be no people in production spaces, and they can work in the virtual environment. Production for human beings is mostly from material production to digital production; labour will turn into digital labour. For this reason, it is thought that production spaces will turn into smart factories with only machines and production robots and no workers. And now the question is: what is a smart factory? The revolutions in the industry history started with the invention of the steam engine; then, new technological revolutions were experienced with the use of electricity in production, the development of automation systems and internet-based systems. While technology and production tools are constantly changing, these developments also affect production spaces. Factories are also transforming to keep up with these rapid and continuous physical and fictional innovations. This study focuses on the architectural evolution of factories by following the technological revolutions of the industry. It examines the main criteria in the process of change and transformation of factories and spatial reflections of the revolutions. It establishes a relationship between production technology and the needs of the production spaces and seeks references from past samples. The study aims to review the historical background for generating a projection to new production spaces and to be a new discussion for future factories
Evaluation of Optimal Criteria for Designing Solar Greenhouses in Cold Climate Residential Buildings (Case Study: Tabriz, Iran)
Get PDFSince a major part of energy in cold climates is spent on heating, using alternative methods to heat buildings is of particular importance for buildings. Solar greenhouses are inactive building solutions that absorb solar energy to provide heating in the side spaces. Greenhouse efficiency depends on several factors. The research carried out so far has used these factors in the design of a solar greenhouse to reduce energy consumption, which has finally been compared with the non-applied state of this system. The purpose of this study is to investigate the physical characteristics such as “depth”, “protrusion”, “roof slope”, and “orientation” of solar greenhouses and the influence of each factor in different modes and hours in the cold climate of Tabriz. For this purpose, a simulation has been made using “Energy Plus” software. In the next step, the optimal modes of solar greenhouse design are presented by comparing the different states of each physical factor on the first and the middle day of each month in a 6-hours period. Research results show; increasing the surface while the sun is shining and using more depth when there is no sun will maintain indoor temperature. Also, using two or three-way greenhouses (east and south) increases the efficiency of the greenhouse by 30%. The roof slope has no effect on heating the room adjacent to the greenhouse. Also, the absence of protrusions helps adjust the room temperature relative to the outside environment by up to 20 %. No significant effect on temperature was observed in calculating the ratio of greenhouse area to room area in summer. But in the cold season, a large greenhouse area greatly impacts by up to 15 %
Accessibility of Virtual Museum Spaces in the 21st Century in Turkey
Get PDFMuseums, which are the embodiment of art, exhibition, culture, and science, have started to offer virtual space experiences as well as traditional physical space experiences in recent years. In addition to the development of technology, the pandemic, which started in 2019 and affected the whole world, has also been effective in accelerating the transformation of museums from physical space to virtual space. The increasing use of virtual museums directly concerns different user groups in terms of accessibility. In a physical museum experience, solutions that appeal to different types of users are generally produced. Thanks to these solutions, an individual with any disability can be included in the space with all senses such as sight, touch, smell, and hearing during a museum visit, while the lack of inclusion of all senses in the virtual space experience causes the experience to be more limited. This study discusses this limitation in terms of accessibility. How can the virtual space experience be more accessible for different types of users? Can different solutions be offered to all user groups for a better understanding of the space and the art product? These questions constitute the research questions of this study. In this context, this study aims to examine how accessible virtual museums are. The study has conducted this inquiry through 59 virtual museums in Turkey. As a method, virtual museums were classified and tabulated in terms of their accessibility levels in line with their characteristics. It was concluded that there are deficiencies in the experience of different types of users and various suggestions were made in terms of virtual accessibility
Evaluation of Open and Green Space Systems in the Context of Urban Livability
Get PDFUrban that has overgrown in recent years have affected human lifestyle and ecological balance in a negative way. Open and green spaces decreased. With this, unhealthy urban conditions occur. Therefore, urban is becoming more unlivable. The aim of this study, starting from the problem of insufficient/unqualified open and green areas in urban, is to show that cities are more livable when the open and green spaces system is designed. The “top 10 livable cities” ranking the world cities are listed by 6 different institutions and the same cities included in this list are selected. The open and green areas of 4 different selected cities were examined. In the scope, two basic concepts are based on: open-green space systems and urban livability. As a result of the study, it has been seen that open and green space systems affect cities more livable. Therefore, open and green areas are planned systematically for maximum benefit with a sustainable approach. However, systems also need new approaches at some points. At this point, a hypothetical open green space system is proposed in this study. The concept of urban liveability and open and green spaces, an index of urban liveability, are explained. Then, open and green space systems in the literature are clarified with examples. To show the relationship between urban liveability and open green spaces, the research results done by different institutions, the most overlapping cities have been selected according to the top 10 list of most liveable cities list. The value of this study to make itself original and the literature contribution is that at the end of the research, a new open and green system was suggested based on the open and green systems in the literature
Deciphering of the Architectural Program and Reprogramming: The Taşhan Region as a Critical Urban Point
Get PDFThis study discussed the deciphering of the architectural program, and the relevant concept of intermediate space within architectural production, and it questioned reprogramming through the concept of intermediate space. The study covered the Taşhan Street and neighboring locations in the Turkish city of Afyonkarahisar. It was based on assessing and discussing the existing programming and reprogramming dynamics in the Taşhan Region, which is functionally developed for craftsmanship, and contributes to the art and culture of the region. At the end of all these discussions, the program, \u27depending on the venue and the user; It was defined as the \u27sequence of frozen events occurring in moments\u27 and the moments when these events occurred, their potential situations in places were revealed by reprogramming method. In the context of taking momentary sections in Taşhan Region; The methods of observation made in certain time periods (on weekends with high visitors, between 12:00 and 17:00, in the evening when the jazz festival is held) in the spaces in the region and interviewing with the users of the space were used to decipher the architectural program. Another scientific method used in the study is to make content analysis of the space theories put forward in the conceptual context and to reveal the evaluation criteria of the architectural program of the Tashan Region with the sub-concepts obtained within the framework of the text-based analysis method. While deciphering the architectural program, the conceptual analyses of the space theories proposed were conducted in parallel with the aim of the study, and the assessment criteria for the architectural program in the Taşhan Region were presented by using the sub-concepts revealed following the analyses. In conclusion, based on the momentary sections from the actions that occurred in the Taşhan Region, spatial flexibility in meeting needs to be increased and the relationship between users and spaces was enriched with reprogramming
Application of Digital Urban Memory Transmission Model for Sustainability of Cultural Heritage
Get PDFIn this study, a model for preserving and maintaining the memory value of cultural heritage was put forward and the application of the model was made in a designed digital environment. The model can be applied in teaching, transferring and keeping the memory values carried by tangible and intangible cultural heritage values of the world. Digital Cultural Heritage Memory Model (DCHMM) aims to transfer and interpret the urban memories of the settlements to a wide audience on the web and thus raising awareness on the protection and maintenance of these values. The cultural heritage values of the sample villages selected for the application of the model are aimed to be realized with the participation of the interactive user in the transfer of verbal, written and architectural memory values, the interpretation in the asking questions and giving ideas section, and the success of the application in the questioning section. Nine historical buildings that must be preserved and transferred to memory in three settlements of Niğde with a common historical past and that stand out with a variety of building types with significant urban memory value were selected for the field study. To provide data for the digital environment that evaluates DCHMM’s applicability, the urban memory values (written-verbal-architectural memory elements) collected during the field study in the selected sample (three exchanged villages in Niğde- Yeşilburç Village, Uluağaç Village, Hançerli Village) were digitized according to the model’s information, participation and questioning sections. 452 users from different age and occupation groups made the application of the model in the web environment in a six-month period. The digitized values obtained as a result of the study were interpreted in line with the targets in the sections of the model, and the model was brought to the literature with its application
Visibility and Globalization Levels of Architectural Firms under the Influence of Internet and Internationalization: A Speculative Research
Get PDFIn a world dominated by the Internet, visibility is becoming increasingly important, and the visibility of architectural firms has also increased with the impact of internationalization. Architectural firms are increasing their visibility, both through the rapid dissemination of information provided by the Internet and by starting to use social media tools. This article explores the relationship between the visibility and the globalization of architectural firms in the year 2022. The article challenges the perception that all well-known/visible architectural firms can be global. The research has two time periods. (before and after 1985, the Internet Revolution). During the data collection phase, 20,942 architectural firms were scanned; a cluster of 522 firms in 49 different countries was formed; 10 different variables were studied in these firms. The 10 variables examined were determined according to the common and majority characteristics of the globalized architectural firms (44 firms) founded before 1985. The investigated variables enabled us to determine the globalization and visibility characteristics of the architectural firms founded after 1985. In the analysis phase, the firms were separated according to their countries (49 countries) and the levels of visibility and globalization were calculated by taking the averages. The levels of visibility and globalization were determined at three levels: low, medium, and high. Not every architectural firm with high visibility has a high level of globalization; it has been determined that every company with a high level of globalization is not visible enough and that there is no homogeneous relationship between globalization and visibility levels. The originality of the research lies in the use of Archdaily, which allows the scanning of 20,942 architectural firms, as a data source and the documentation of its data in 2022