Taiwan Association of Engineering and Technology Innovation: E-Journals
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Effects of Incorporating Recycled Brick and Stone Aggregate as Replacement of Natural Stone Aggregate in Concrete
Get PDFThis paper presents an experimental research on the mechanical properties of concrete made from recycled and virgin coarse aggregates. Two types of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) i.e. recycled brick aggregate (RBA) and recycled stone aggregate (RSA) were used in combination with natural stone aggregate (NSA). This study aims to investigate the feasibility of using recycled materials in concrete by focusing on the fracture mechanism of the specimens. For this purpose, sixty-six cylindrical specimens and thirty-three prismatic specimens were cast using 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 100% RBA and RSA as a replacement of NSA with different absolute water/cement (w/c) ratio. The test results show that the compressive, flexural and splitting strengths of concrete made from RSA were greater than those of RBA. Besides, concrete contains RSA has the lower strengths fall than that of concrete contains RBA in each percentage of recycled aggregate. The RSA concrete showed combined failure of concrete; on the contrary, aggregate failure which is not acceptable for good quality concrete has been observed in RBA concrete. Therefore, the use of RBA with NSA is not appropriate to produce good quality concrete, but replacing NSA with up to 30% of RSA can be effectively used
A Review on Swarm Intelligence Based Routing Approaches
Get PDFThe principles of bio-inspired or swarm intelligence algorithms can be effectively used to achieve optimal solutions in routing for complex and dynamic wireless sensor networks or body area networks. As the name indicates, it is a field that is inspired by natural living beings like ants, bees, fishes, etc. Studies have proved that the routing protocols based on such bio-inspired methods perform better in terms of energy efficiency, reliability, adaptivity, scalability, and robustness. The general classification of routing protocols is classical-based and swarm-based routing protocols, where both the protocols were specifically categorized as data-centric, location-aware, hierarchical and network flow, and QoS aware protocols. In this paper, an evocative taxonomy and comparison of various swarm-based routing algorithms are presented. A brief discussion about the sensor network design and the major factors that influence the routing is also discussed. The comparative analysis of the selected swarm-based protocols is also done with respect to routing characteristics like query based, route selection, energy efficiency, and path selection. From the review, it is observed that the selection of a routing protocol is application dependent. This paper will be helpful to the researchers as a reference on bio-inspired algorithms for new protocol designs and also for the proper selection of routing protocols according to the type of applications
Emerging Energy Storage Solutions for Transportation Electrification – A Review
Get PDFEnergy storages have caught the attention of transportation community for the past several years. Recent developments in hybrid and plug-in electric vehicles together with novel concepts in transportation such as electric highways are the reasons for raising the role of energy storages in transportation to such a significant level. Performance demands for energy storage solutions vary significantly from one transportation application to the other, making it difficult for the scientific community to converge to a single energy storage solution that caters all. This paper reviews the key performance demands of the major transportation applications. It also investigates the characteristics of emerging energy storage solutions and assess their suitability for those reviewed transportation applications
On the Jitter Sensitivity of an Adaptive Digital Controller: A Computational Simulation Study
Get PDFIn many real-time control applications, the ability to accurately track a reference trajectory with stable, pre-specified closed-loop dynamics is highly desirable. For fixed gain control systems, the detrimental impact of jitter on performance has been relatively well studied. However, research that quantifies the possible impact of jitter on the performance and relative stability of adaptive control schemes is comparatively much rarer. With technology advances now making real-time adaptive control a viable option for high-speed applications, this situation requires further investigation. In this paper, the jitter sensitivity of a digital parameter adaptive tracking control system is studied using precise software-in-the-loop computational simulations. The results obtained indicated that the adaptive controller was significantly susceptible to jitter. In particular, key metrics such as the phase margin, gain margin, settling time, overshoot and root mean square parameter and tracking errors were all significantly impacted following the introduction of 5% jitter in the controller. The obtained data are thought to be the first detailed results of this kind and present useful insights into the practical complexities when innovating adaptive real-time tracking control systems and indicate that specialized controller implementations that minimize jitter should be employed and that further analysis is warranted
Time Series Analysis of Outcomes for Small and Medium Enterprises’ Support of Regional Industry
Get PDFContinued investment in Research and Development (R&D) by the government and corporate support played a major role in the rapid growth of the Republic of Korea. In 2017, the amount of R&D investment by the government accounted for 19.7 trillion Won (KRW), which is 4.7 % of the government’s budget. The government’s R&D budget is increasing by 2.5 % each year. We analyzed the outcomes of the projects, supported by the Busan regional companies conducted in 2016 to 2017. For a time series analysis, we gathered companies support amount by year, sales after company support, and material for employment. We used IBM’s Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 18 for correlation analysis. We confirmed the relationship between employment and the sales of the annual company support program
CAE Analysis of Primary Shaft Systems in Great Five-Axis Turning-Milling Complex CNC Machine
Get PDFThe design and analysis of primary shaft systems by using the commercial software of computer aided engineering (CAE) in the heavy industry field are novel. The research purpose is to provide the computational results for the construction of primary shaft systems in the five-axis turning-milling complex machine. The CAE with commercial software is used to analyze the linear static construction, stress and deformation for primary shaft systems in the great five-axis turning-milling complex computer numerical control (CNC) machine. It is desirable to compute and find the most external loads of primary shaft systems in the CNC machine which can be used to operate in safety condition and under its yield stress value of materials. The linear computational results of static stresses and displacements in primary shaft systems are obtained and investigated with the commercial SOLIDWORKS® 2014 simulation module
A Point Memory State Observer with Adjustable Parameters for a Class of Uncertain Linear Systems with State Delays
Get PDFIn this paper, we present a point memory robust state observer with time-varying adjustable parameters for a class of uncertain linear systems with state delays. The point memory robust state observer proposed in this paper consists of fixed observer gain matrices and time-varying adjustable parameters, which are determined by updating rules. Sufficient conditions for the existence of the proposed point memory robust state observer can be reduced to solvability of LMIs. Finally, simple numerical examples are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed robust state observer
Feasibility Study on Using Low Grade Silicon Carbide and Stone Sludge to Fabricate Eco Bricks
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to introduce 5% up to 40% of low grade silicon carbide (LGSC), with construction excavated soil before the soil being reused as raw material in Eco brickmaking. Furthermore, stone sludge was added to mix with LGSC to fabricate eco bricks. The results indicated that the use of 10% granite sludge, 30% LGSC and 5% brick waste clinkers could produce grade-2 eco bricks in sintering temperature 1,050°c, however 30% granite sludge was substituted to obtain the same grade eco bricks. Water absorption of eco bricks has increased during the addition ratio of LGSC increased. However, the compressive strength increased while water absorption decreased during the operation temperature increased from 1,020°c. to 1,050°c
Research on Traffic Signal Timing Method Based on Ant Colony Algorithm and Fuzzy Control Theory
Get PDFThe number of private cars has a blowout growth with the development of economics, which leads to the existing limited traffic resources cannot meet the normal traffic demand. The emergence of intelligent traffic has improved this phenomenon. Using intelligent traffic technology to conduct intersection vehicles can alleviate the congestion effectively. Traffic signal timing method plays an important role in intelligent traffic research. An independent intersection dynamic timing method combined with fuzzy control theory and improved ant colony algorithm is proposed in this paper. According to the characteristics of traffic flow distribution, the timing period is obtained with the improved webster algorithm. Through the optimal solution obtained by ant colony algorithm and the added delay of traffic signal calculated by fuzzy control method, the dynamic timing period of the traffic signal is obtained. The validity of the proposed method is proved by comparing with the original time period and the traditional algorithm
Vision Technology Based Traffic Safety Analysis Using Signal Data
Get PDFRecent vision technology allows traffic engineers to analyze traffic safety based on image processing applications. Vehicle trajectory data including vehicle position and speed are extracted and converted into traffic conflicts related variables. These variables are analyzed to find correlations with crash data and geometric design variables and included in the statistical analysis process to evaluate the safety of intersections. In this paper, signal timing information data is included in the analysis process to investigate if there are any correlations with traffic conflict data. For example, traffic conflicts happen more frequently in a certain movement at certain signal time phase. The goal of this paper is to develop a method for vision technology-based traffic safety analysis process using traffic signal data to identify crash prone movement and signal to time at a given intersection. The proposed technique is demonstrated in real-world video data collected in an intersection. This paper is expected to provide more insight and technique in traffic safety evaluation