Akita University of Art: AUA Repository / 秋田公立美術大学リポジトリ
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    De voortdurende technologische ontwikkelingen zorgen ervoor dat er steeds meer informatie op ons af komt. Denk bijvoorbeeld aan de tablet en smartphone waarmee we sinds enkele jaren dag en nacht met elkaar in verbinding staan en een toenemende hoeveelheid informatie steeds sneller over en weer wordt uitgewisseld. Hoe bepalen we welke informatie relevant is en welke informatie niet? Wetenschappers zoeken de grenzen van informatieverwerking op door de hersenen onder druk te zetten: in een korte periode wordt heel veel informatie, zowel relevant als irrelevant, aangeboden. De meeste mensen zijn niet in staat alle relevante informatie die op deze manier aangeboden wordt te onthouden. Er treedt dan als het ware een knippering (blink) in je aandacht (attention) op (wanneer je met je ogen knippert zie je niets, wanneer je met aandacht knippert ook niet). Dit verschijnsel heet dan ook de attentional blink. Er werd lang gedacht dat deze knippering veroorzaakt wordt door een fundamentele beperking van de hersenen. In dit proefschrift wordt echter aangetoond dat deze knippering in aandacht niet fundamenteel van aard is: Het is waarschijnlijk een strategische maar wellicht onnodige ‘keuze’ van je hersenen om de relevante informatie te negeren in een poging de eerder aangeboden informatie beter te verwerken

    Light-controlled formation of vesicles and supramolecular organogels by a cholesterol-bearing amphiphilic molecular switch

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    A new responsive material composed of an amphiphilic light-switchable dithienylethene unit functionalized with a hydrophobic cholesterol unit and a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol)-modified pyridinium group has been designed. This unique single-molecule system shows responsive light-switchable self-assembly in both water and organic solvents. Light-triggered reversible vesicle formation in aqueous solutions is reported. The molecule shows a different behavior in apolar aromatic solvents, in which light-con-trolled formation of organogel fibers is observed. The light-triggered aggregation behavior of this molecule demonstrates that control of a supramolecular structure with light can be achieved in both aqueous and organic media and that this ability can be present in a single molecule. This opens the way toward the effective development of new strategies in soft nanotechnology for applications in controlled chemical release systems.</p

    Monetary policy strategies: abandonment, adoption, and performance

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    De keuze van een monetair beleidsstrategie is een gewichtig onderwerp van onderzoek binnen de economische wetenschappen en de beleidsvorming van centrale banken. Vanwege het feit dat landen doorgaans niet vasthouden aan één bepaalde monetaire strategie, maar van tijd tot tijd veranderen, kan men zich afvragen wat de keus voor monetair beleidsstrategie beïnvloed en wat de mogelijke macro-economische gevolgen zijn van dergelijke keuzes. Dit proefschrift richt zich op de analyse van twee monetaire beleidsstrategieën die uitgevoerd worden door centrale banken, namelijk: monetary targeting en inflation targeting. In het proefschrift onderzoek ik welke macro-economische, fiscale, externe, financiële en institutionele factoren van invloed zijn in de besluitvorming om monetary targeting te verlaten of om inflation targeting te implementeren. Daarnaast wordt in dit werk een uitgebreide analyse gepresenteerd over de effecten van inflation targeting op inflatie

    Absence of hyperfine effects in 13C-graphene spin-valve devices

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    The carbon isotope 13C, in contrast to 12C, possesses a nuclear magnetic moment and can induce electron spin dephasing in graphene. This effect is usually neglected due to the low abundance of 13C in natural carbon allotropes (~1%). Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) allows for artificial synthesis of graphene solely from a 13C precursor, potentially amplifying the influence of the nuclear magnetic moments. In this work we study the effect of hyperfine interactions in pure 13C-graphene on its spin transport properties. Using Hanle precession measurements we determine the spin relaxation time and observe a weak increase of τs with doping and a weak change of τs with temperature, as in natural graphene. For comparison we study spin transport in pure 12C-graphene, also synthesized by CVD, and observe similar spin relaxation properties. As the signatures of hyperfine effects can be better resolved in oblique spin-valve and Hanle configurations, we use finite-element modeling to emulate oblique signals in the presence of a hyperfine magnetic field for typical graphene properties. Unlike in the case of GaAs, hyperfine interactions with 13C nuclei influence electron spin transport only very weakly, even for a fully polarized nuclear system. Also, in the measurements of the oblique spin-valve and Hanle effects no hyperfine features could be resolved. This work experimentally confirms the weak character of hyperfine interactions and the negligible role of 13C atoms in the spin dephasing processes in graphene

    Sustainable employability of ageing workers

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    Om het huidige welvaartsniveau te handhaven wordt van werknemers verwacht dat zij langer doorwerken dan voorheen. Ongeveer 40% van de werknemers ervaart problemen door het ouder worden en heeft behoefte aan ondersteuning om het werk te kunnen blijven uitvoeren. De aanwezigheid van een chronische aandoening wordt door 37% van de werknemers gerapporteerd. Veel factoren, vooral gerelateerd aan de specifieke werksituatie, dragen bij aan de duurzame inzetbaarheid met geen verschil in factoren voor werknemers met en zonder een chronische aandoening. Een interventie gericht op het vergroten van de inzetbaarheid vraagt om individueel maatwerk. Op basis van deze resultaten is de interventie ‘Gezond aan het werk (blijven)’ ontwikkeld, gericht op het vergroten van het probleemoplossend vermogen van werknemer en leidinggevende. De interventie biedt handvatten om werknemers te laten ervaren welke invloed zij zelf kunnen hebben in het bereiken van doelstellingen of het ondernemen van acties om inzetbaar te blijven. De interventiestrategie maakt werknemers bewust van de eigen rol en eigen verantwoordelijkheid. De leidinggevende ondersteunt hierin op procesniveau. De effectiviteit van de interventie is vergeleken met de gebruikelijke praktijk. De resultaten toonden geen positief effect op de primaire uitkomstmaten van duurzame inzetbaarheid na één jaar, namelijk werkvermogen, productiviteit en vitaliteit. Succesvolle elementen van de oplossingsgerichte strategie zijn dat werknemers anders tegen hun werk aankijken en dat zij zich meer bewust zijn van hun eigen kunnen en eigen verantwoordelijkheid om inzetbaar te blijven. In hoeverre deze interventie op de langere termijn bijdraagt aan duurzame inzetbaarheid dient nader onderzocht te worden

    What cues do ungulates use to assess predation risk in dense temperate forests?

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    Anti-predator responses by ungulates can be based on habitat features or on the near-imminent threat of predators. In dense forest, cues that ungulates use to assess predation risk likely differ from half-open landscapes, as scent relative to sight is predicted to be more important. We studied, in the Białowieża Primeval Forest (Poland), whether perceived predation risk in red deer (Cervus elaphus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) is related to habitat visibility or olfactory cues of a predator. We used camera traps in two different set-ups to record undisturbed ungulate behavior and fresh wolf (Canis lupus) scats as olfactory cue. Habitat visibility at fixed locations in deciduous old growth forest affected neither vigilance levels nor visitation rate and cumulative visitation time of both ungulate species. However, red deer showed a more than two-fold increase of vigilance level from 22% of the time present on control plots to 46% on experimental plots containing one wolf scat. Higher vigilance came at the expense of time spent foraging, which decreased from 32% to 12% while exposed to the wolf scat. These behavioral changes were most pronounced during the first week of the experiment but continuous monitoring of the plots suggested that they might last for several weeks. Wild boar did not show behavioral responses indicating higher perceived predation risk. Visitation rate and cumulative visitation time were not affected by the presence of a wolf scat in both ungulate species. The current study showed that perceived predation risk in red deer and wild boar is not related to habitat visibility in a dense forest ecosystem. However, olfactory cues of wolves affected foraging behavior of their preferred prey species red deer. We showed that odor of wolves in an ecologically equivalent dose is sufficient to create fine-scale risk factors for red deer

    Preperoxisomal vesicles can form in the absence of Pex3

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    We demonstrate that the peroxin Pex3 is not required for the formation of peroxisomal membrane structures in yeast pex3 mutant cells. Notably, pex3 mutant cells already contain reticular and vesicular structures that harbor key proteins of the peroxisomal receptor docking complex-Pex13 and Pex14-as well as the matrix proteins Pex8 and alcohol oxidase. Other peroxisomal membrane proteins in these cells are unstable and transiently localized to the cytosol (Pex10, Pmp47) or endoplasmic reticulum (Pex11). These reticular and vesicular structures are more abundant in cells of a pex3 atgl double deletion strain, as the absence of Pex3 may render them susceptible to autophagic degradation, which is blocked in this double mutant. Contrary to earlier suggestions, peroxisomes are not formed de novo from the endoplasmic reticulum when the PEX3 gene is reintroduced in pex3 cells. Instead, we find that reintroduced Pex3 sorts to the preperoxisomal structures in pex3 cells, after which these structures mature into normal peroxisomes.</p

    Defining the Region of Bacillus subtilis SpoIIIJ That Is Essential for Its Sporulation-Specific Function

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    Proteins of the YidC/OxaI/Alb3 family play a crucial role in the insertion, folding, and/or assembly of membrane proteins in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Bacillus subtilis has two YidC-like proteins, denoted SpoIIIJ and YqjG. SpoIIIJ and YqjG are largely exchangeable in function, but SpoIIIJ has a unique role in sporulation, while YqjG stimulates competence development. To obtain more insight into the regions important for the sporulation specificity of SpoIIIJ, a series of SpoIIIJ/YqjG chimeras was constructed. These chimeras were tested for functionality during vegetative growth and for their ability to complement the sporulation defect of a spoIIIJ deletion strain. The data suggest an important role for the domain comprising transmembrane segment 2 (TMS2) and its flanking loops in sporulation specificity, with lesser contributions to specificity by TMS1 and TMS3

    Chiral amides via copper-catalysed enantioselective conjugate addition

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    A highly enantioselective one pot procedure for the synthesis of beta-substituted amides was developed starting from the corresponding alpha,beta-unsaturated esters. This new methodology is based on the copper-catalysed enantioselective conjugate addition of Grignard reagents to alpha,beta-unsaturated esters and subsequent direct formation of amides by quenching the corresponding enolates with different amines. Various primary and secondary amines bearing alkyl or aryl substituents can be used giving rise to a large variety of beta-substituted amides with excellent enantioselectivities.</p

    Output Regulation of Large-Scale Hydraulic Networks

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    The problem of output regulation for a class of hydraulic networks found in district heating systems is addressed in this brief. The results show that global asymptotic and semiglobal exponential output regulation is achievable using a set of decentralized proportional-integral controllers. The fact that the result is global and independent of the number of end users has the consequence that structural changes such as end-user addition and removal can be made in the network while maintaining the stability properties of the system. Furthermore, the decentralized nature of the control architecture eases the implementation of structural changes in the network.</p

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    Akita University of Art: AUA Repository / 秋田公立美術大学リポジトリ
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