IR@CIMFR - Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (CSIR)
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Techniques for Improving Coal Mini Waste Dump Stability Using Geogrids: A New Concept
No full textMinerals are essential raw materials in industrialization and economic development. Coal, being a primary source of energy plays a vital role in an energy-intensive economy such as India. The current work assumes that India works on coal option only for its energy needs. The characteristics of a coal seam such as its thickness, depth, inclination, and ratio of coal to overburden largely influence the mining method to be employed. Surface mining outsmarts underground mining not only in terms of productivity but also from the safety point of view. Surface mining is preferred for greater recovery of in-situ resources, high productivity, low costs and labor intensity, and better workplace conditions. Typically, surface mining is used for coal seams within 300m of depth, although deeper mining is possible. Currently 90% of total production in India comes from surface mines. Though common in civil industry, the geogrids have not been tried in Indian mineral industry so far and dump stability is one area where the geogrids should find wide applicability. In this paper, behavioral aspect of geo-grid reinforced mine waste dumps is analyzed backed be numeric modeling. Different options of geo-grid application are used to study their effect on mine waste dump designs
Faunal diversity of house dust mite in grocery shops in coal mining area of Dhanbad, India.
No full textHouse dust mites are well known causal organism for allergy related diseases like allergic rhinitis, hay fever, skin rash and in extreme cases bronchial asthma. Identification of species and quantification of biodiversity of these organisms in different habitats, geographical areas and seasons is necessary to control spread of allergic diseases. The study on faunal diversity of house dust mites has been widely reported worldwide. Most of the studies focused on dust of home buildings; however, other habitats which are frequently visited by human have been poorly reported. This study was conducted, to provide firsthand information on faunal diversity and seasonal variability of house dust mites in dust of grocery shops in coalmining area, Dhanbad, India. Total 144 samples (5000 mg/sample) were collected in triplicate from nine grocery shops from June 2015 to July 2016. The samples were examined using Stereo microscope and Nikon trinocular research microscope under standard protocol. Total 12 species of mites were found in the collected dust samples during entire period of the study. However, species richness, abundance and diversity varied with seasons. Among identified species Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermanyssus gallinae, Austroglycyphagus orientalis, Cheyletus eruditus and Blomia tropicalis were most abundant species in collected dust samples of grocery shops. Species richness varied from 0.33 to 8.33 species g-1 of dust and Shannon-Weiner Biodiversity Index (H) varied from 0-1.48, indicating monthly variation in species richness and composition
Peak particle velocity, peak vector sum, dynamic simulation, damping coefficient, blast induced vibration
No full textSeveral techniques are in common use for extraction and excavation of ore deposits such as surface miners,
excavators, rock cutters, rock headers, and drilling and blasting. Among these, the latter remains the most
inexpensive method of rock fragmentation and ore extraction, and in which characteristics of rock, explosives and
blast design are considered as fundamental elements in this process. Although proper fragmentation remains the
key objective, potential damage to back-wall and pit-wall has been considered of lesser importance than the same
for residential structures. The main reason for this lies with the complex nature of the geological characteristics of
the rockmass in the immediate vicinity of the blasting operation.
The paper is based on the research work carried out at Rampura-Agucha Lead-Zinc mine, Rajasthan, India. The
ores and associated rocks are extracted by both open-pit (opencast) and underground mining methods. The open
pit mining is currently producing 5.95 MTPA of ore. The underground part has started recently with expected
production of 4.5 MTPA in the near future. The open-pit mining operation currently is at 366 m depth and is
designed to reach up to a depth of 421 m. Blasting is carried out on benches 10 m to 11.5 m high with berm length
of 5.3 to 6 m. Controlled blasting techniques are being used in the mine, to minimize overbreak and backbreak.
Along with pre-split blast designs, production blast designs and explosive initiation techniques such as decoupling,
decking, side-initiation, etc. are being employed to minimize and control overbrea
Evaluation of metal contamination and risk assessment to human health in a coal mine region of India: A case study of the North Karanpura coalfield
No full textThe present study aimed to evaluate metal contamination level in coal mine water of the North Karanpura coalfields and assess the possible health risk due to the intake of untreated mine water. Fourteen coal mine water samples were collected from the study area and analyzed for Al, As, Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Se, and Zn using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The heavy metal pollution index (HPI) was used to calculate metal pollution level in the coal mine water. The hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) were estimated for health risk to child and adult by using the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) methods. The concentrations of Al, Fe, Mn, and Ni in coal mine water were exceeding the acceptable as well as the maximum permissible limits specified for drinking and domestic uses. The HPI values were below the critical pollution index level of 100 except at one location. The estimated HQ and HI values for adult and children were greater than the standard limits in nearly half of the water samples. High HQ and HI values suggest that suitable treatment of coal mine water will require before its utilization in domestic and drinking purposes
Quantitative Determination of Heavy Metals in the Water Samples of Four Fresh Water Ponds of a Mining Town
No full textQuantitative investigation of two harmful heavy metals namely copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in the water of four most popular lakes of Dhanbad city namely: Bekar Badh lake, Ranitalab lake, Sri Sri Kali Mandir lake, and Bartand Badh lake have been carried out using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Calibration of the instrument was done using the standard solution. We have compared the obtained data of concentration of Zinc and Copper metal in water of these lakes with the standard maximum permissible limiting value set by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) IS:10500 Drinking Water Specification, 2004, considered fit for drinking by humans. The analysis showed that the concentration of heavy metals copper and zinc in four of the above mentioned lakes are much lower than the permissible limit prescribed by BIS and hence do not pose any direct threat to human life on consumption. We have also pointed out the factors responsible behind such contamination and identified the ways to control the contaminant in these water bodies
Organo-mineralogical insights of shale gas reservoir of Ib-River Mand-Raigarh Basin, India
No full textIn the present study, Permian shale beds of Ib-River Mand-Raigarh Basin have been evaluated for insights of depositional conditions, organic, clay and mineral composition allied to shale matrix. The shale core samples were obtained during exploratory drilling and analysed for the properties like proximate, petrography, Rock-Eval, Total organic content (TOC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The values of vitrinite content and TOC varies from 2.00 to 16.20 (vol%) and 1.88–6.99 wt % with an average value of 10.34 (vol%) and 3.75 (wt.%) respectively, suggesting fair to excellent source rock potential of shale for gas. Whereas, results of the Rock-Eval pyrolysis indicated fair to very good source rock potential (S1: 0.04–0.22 and S2: 0.57–39.45). The indicator of thermal maturity parameters like Tmax (423–470 ᵒC) and VRo (0.64–0.96%), counsels moderately matured shales. The plot of hydrogen index (HI) vs oxygen index (OI), Tmax vs HI and TOC vs HI illustrated the presence of type II and III kerogen in studied shales. The uniformity in carbon conversion elucidates negligible effects of intrusive and basin tectonics on shale reservoir which is validated from the passive stable tectonic setting of Ib-River Mand-Raigarh basin which favours deposition of organic matter. The high percentage of quartz (26.30–57.60 vol%) signifying the resistive nature of SiO2 towards erosion and weathering. However, the negligible or typical absence of K-feldspar and a large percentage of kaolinite (16.80–53.30 vol%) attributed to the strong weathering process. Consequently, the instantaneous reduction condition supported the preservation and transformation of organic matter.
The paper focuses on the significance of various essential parameters like depositional conditions, organic richness, the degree of maturation, clay types and mineral constituents on the gas genesis and storage. The parameters interpreted through facies and evolution history of the basin to evaluate the prospects of shale gas resource development in Ib-River Mand-Raigarh Basin, India
Colorimetric and fluorimetric detection of Hg2 + and Cr3 + by boronic acid conjugated rhodamine derivatives: Mechanistic aspects and their bio-imaging application in bacterial cells
No full textColorimetric and fluorimetric detection of toxic metal ions such as Hg2 + and Cr3 + has gained tremendous popularity over the conventional methods due to their operational simplicity, high selectivity, and speediness. Although numerous colorimetric and fluorescent receptors for Hg2 + or Cr3 + were reported in the literature, boronic acid-based receptors for these metal ions are rather scarce in the literature. Hence, in the present study dual function boronic acid conjugated rhodamine derivatives were developed, and their toxic metal ion detection abilities were studied by absorption, emission and visual detection methods. Absorption and emission spectral studies revealed that these derivatives displayed selectivity towards Hg2 +, Cr3 + and Fe3 +among the other metal ions studied by forming new absorption band. Both the derivatives exhibited colorimetric response towards Hg2 + and Cr3 + by the change in color of the solution to pink and reddish pink with Fe3 +. The detailed mechanism involved in the detection of Hg2 + was deduced by 1H NMR and ESI-MS studies. Further, these derivatives were used for fluorescence imaging of Hg2 + and Cr3 + in S. aureus bacterial cells. Thus the present manuscript demonstrated the use of boronic acid conjugated rhodamine derivatives as a dual function (colorimetric and fluorescent) probes and as imaging agents for Hg2 + and Cr3 +, which are known for their toxic influence on bacterial cells
Ambient black carbon particulate matter in the region of Dhanbad, India
No full textLight-absorbing, atmospheric particles have gained greater attention in recent years because of their direct and indirect impacts on regional and global climate. Atmospheric black carbon (BC) aerosol is a leading climate warming agent, yet uncertainties in the global direct aerosol radiative forcing remain large. Based on a year of aerosol absorption measurements at seven wavelengths, BC concentrations were investigated in Dhanbad, the coal capital of India. Coal is routinely burned for cooking and residential heat as well as in small industries. The mean daily concentrations of ultraviolet-absorbing black carbon measured at 370 nm (UVBC) and black carbon measured at 880 nm (BC) were 9.8 ± 5.7 and 6.5 ± 3.8 μg m− 3, respectively. The difference between UVBC and BC, Delta-C, is an indicator of biomass or residential coal burning and averaged 3.29 ± 4.61 μg m− 3. An alternative approach uses the Ǻngstrom Exponent (AE) to estimate the biomass/coal and traffic BC concentrations. Biomass/coal burning contributed ~ 87% and high temperature, fossil-fuel combustion contributed ~ 13% to the annual average BC concentration. The post-monsoon seasonal mean UVBC values were 10.9 μg m− 3 and BC of 7.2 μg m− 3. Potential source contribution function analysis showed that in the post-monsoon season, air masses came from the central and northwestern Indo-Gangetic Plains where there is extensive agricultural burning. The mean winter UVBC and BC concentrations were 15.0 and 10.1 μg m− 3, respectively. These higher values were largely produced by local sources under poor dispersion conditions. The direct radiative forcing (DRF) due to UVBC and BC at the surface (SUR) and the top of the atmosphere (TOA) were calculated. The mean atmospheric heating rates due to UVBC and BC were estimated to be 1.40 °K day− 1 and 1.18 °K day− 1, respectively. This high heating rate may affect the monsoon circulation in this region
Variations in hydro-chemical properties and source insights of coalbed methane produced water of Raniganj Coalfield, Jharkhand, India
No full textThe production of coalbed methane is increasing rapidly in Raniganj coalfield of India. The present statistics of methane gas production and produced water is about 1.7 mmscmd (million metric standard cubic meter per day) and 12160 m3/day respectively from 560 CBM wells. The major concerns are challenges related to CBM produced water treatment, it's handling, uses for various purposes and its proper disposal is yet to be resolved, considering physico-chemical parameters, socio-economic, environmental and techno-commercial aspects. In view of this, a detailed study of CBM produced water of Raniganj coalfield has been carried out to evaluate hydro-chemical variations, quantity, quality, related aquifer characteristics, options of treatment, suitable beneficial uses and disposal. The large amount of TDS is the major concern contributed by cations andanions like Na+, Ca2+ and HCO3−. The trace metal content obtained through Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS) analyses such as Fe2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Sr2+and Al3+ varies from 0.12 to 0.94, 0.002 to 0.651, 0.001 to 0.041, 0.005 to 0.801 and 0.002–0.092 mg/l respectively. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was used for cations (Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+) distribution found ranged from 289 to 1136, 0.00 to 0.94, 0.18 to 1.82 and 10.2–21.2 mg/l respectively, whereas, anions (SO42−, F−, Cl−, NO3− and HCO3−) were determined using Ion Chromatography (IC), found varying from 0.14 to 1.62, 1.042 to 4.862, 114.42 to 565.21, 7.41 to 70.4 and 1923.4–3129.4 mg/l respectively. The CBM produced water is classified as Na+–K+–CO32-–HCO3- and Na+–HCO3- type attributed to different rock formations of aquifers and deeper coal seams. TDS and trace metals concentrations are controlled by depositional environment, local marine transgression occurred during the Sakmarian - Artinskian geological period and inherited from groundwater mineral interactions. The results of proposed model for quality parameter prediction signifies TDS content is observed to be low during the initial five years of production and gradually increases with time. The similar trend is shown by HCO3−, Na+, SO42−, F−, Cl− and NO3− signifying the rock interaction and alterations is the only source of minerals and ions. Initially, the shallow aquifer water having interaction with fresh water recharge dilutes the concentrations of different water quality parameters, but as production continues, the concentration of constituents directly controlled by formation rocks and may increase until it reaches the saturation point. The continuous drawdown of water from a large number of CBM wells changing the regional static hydrological balance including a drainage system and it may take long spells to recuperate its original levels. This study can be utilized in designing treatment processes, beneficial uses and exploring the new water resources in Raniganj coalfield
Prediction of coal bump with respect to local mine stiffness and post-failure stiffness using numerical modelling
No full textIn India, coal deposits under the shallow depth of cover amenable by opencast and underground mining are fast exhausting and the focus is being shifted towards the deepseated coal deposits. But, due to the complex geo-mining conditions, techno-economic indices and non-availability of suitable technological solutions, the mining industry is facing tremendous difficulties to exploit the deep-seated coal deposits. Deep-seated coal deposits require immediate attention for its successful exploitation. Underground exploitation of the deep-seated deposits faces a number of geotechnical problems like coal bumps, pillar squeezes, sudden collapse, floor heaving etc. Coal bump is the most difficult, hazardous, long-standing engineering problem associated with the underground coal mining nearly from past three centuries. Coal bump induces the catastrophic failure of mine structures resulting in loss of life and damage to the machinery. If anyone could identify the burstproneness before the commencement of the mining operation, a suitable method of mining can be suggested for efficient extraction of coal and can avoid the major strata control problems. In this paper, a brief review of causes, occurrence and prediction of coal bumps has been described. A case study mine has also been considered for prediction of coal bump using numerical modelling