IR@CIMFR - Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (CSIR)
Not a member yet
2618 research outputs found
Sort by
Detection of iron-bearing mineral assemblages in Nainarmalai granulite region, south India, based on satellite image processing and geochemical anomalies
No full textAlthough India’s large iron ore reserves are well known, there are still few studies and research on iron ore prospecting in smaller deposits or the deposits with lower grade. Remote sensing concepts are useful to target for mineral exploration, since it covers a large area at low cost. In this research spectral remote sensing and digital image processing of ASTER data to locate and delineate the regions with iron oxide-bearing soils in granulite terrain at Nainnarmalai (southern India) that has hypothetical reserve 8.2 million tons of iron in sub-surface banded magnetite quartzites. The image-based study component involved pre-processing atmospheric correction and processing of the image data reminiscent of band ratio and band mixture to locate iron-bearing soils. We used blending of bands 5/3 + 1/2 to delineate ferrous iron oxide, band combination of 2/1 to delineate ferric iron oxide, and band ratio of 5/4 to delineate the lateritic soil. Further, the linear spectral unmixing outcome of ASRER data was evaluated concerning the ground truth of geochemical compositions of samples from the study area. Our results showed that image processing of the ASTER satellite data has the potential to delineate ferric, ferrous, and lateritic mineral assemblages in the iron-bearing soils with minimal requirement of ground truth verification. This research work aided in increasing trust in the use of space-based data for mineral prospecting. Image processing has demonstrated that ASTER data can be used to enhance iron ore exploration and the discovery of new mineralized areas
Mapping of decades-old underground coal mine workings using electrical resistivity tomography
No full textIn this paper, we discuss the necessity of mapping of characterisation of unapproachable underground mine workings by electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). Initially, numerical forward modelling is conducted for considering the possibilities of water fill and air fill void in old workings using Wenner–Schlumberger (WS), dipole–dipole (DD) and inversion of joint of both arrays (WS+DD). Considerable accuracy of cavities dimension, depth and extensions could be recovered from data inversion of joint of both arrays (WS+DD). In field, 2D ERT survey was conducted along three parallel profiles using said configurations over Jharia coalfield, India. Inversion of joint of both arrays was introduced during data analysis for propensities of better demarcation of underground mine workings characterisations under complex geological formations. Furthers, pseudo-3D model was also done by merging 2D ERT parallel profile data for improved visualisation of 3D resistivity distributions of surveyed area. High resistivity contrast in 2D ERT model and 3D volumetric iso-resistivity model provided comfortable guidance in the investigation of possible continuity of barrier between caved panels of XVIA seam. Moderately low resistivity indicated anticipation of XVII seam working filled with water and also validated through the existing mine plan. Thus, interpretation of 3D data eventually helped in convincing outcomes
A transient Eulerian-Eulerian simulation of bubbling regime hydrodynamics of coal ash particles in fluidized bed using different drag models
No full textThe transient multiphase model with the Eulerian-Eulerian approach based on the Two-Fluid Model (TFM) was executed to simulate the bubbling regime’s hydrodynamics of bed material in the fluidized bed using three different drag models. Coal ash particles having three different sizes were taken in bed for fluidization under cold conditions. The bubbling regime's superficial velocities were acquired from experimentations and used as inlet velocities during Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation of a 2-Dimensional fluidized bed. The Syamlal-O'Brien, Gidaspow and Wen-Yu drag models were considered in this study, and their effects on the bed hydrodynamics were discussed. The study emphasized the suitability of drag models for the coal ash particles. The drag force was not adequate and showed a negligible effect on particles irrespective of the high inlet velocity displayed by the Gidaspow model. The other two drag models predicted sufficient drag, but there was more intensity in Syamlal-O'Brien than in the Wen-Yu model. The Syamlal-O'Brien model resembled more physical fluidization occurrences for smaller and larger sized coal ash particles. This study also supports the hydrodynamics of the Geldart-D type particles
Hydrothermal synthesis of transition metal oxides, transition metal oxide/carbonaceous material nanocomposites for supercapacitor applications
No full textThe recent advancements in energy storage devices move towards ample storage and harnessing of energy in different forms. This includes batteries, solar cells, fuel cells, and supercapacitors. Transition metal oxides (TMOs) nanocomposite design has dramatically improved electrochemical energy storage and conversion technologies due to its vast performance and good conductivity. Herein, we have compiled a complete list of transition metal oxide composites used as electrode materials in supercapacitor applications. This includes cobalt oxides, manganese, iron, titanium, vanadium, copper, zinc, and various composites for advanced supercapacitor studies. Lastly, inference on the overall performances of different transition metal oxide composites and their advancements has been compiled
Non linear regression analysis and response surface modeling for Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solution using poly-aniline coated sugarcane bagasse (PANI@SB) composites as an adsorbent
No full textHexavalent chromium has been found most hazardous pollutants being discharge from many industrial sectors like chromite mines, electroplating industries, leather and tanning industries etc. and need to be controlled before discharge to save natural water resources. Adsorption is one of the best and economic process for hexavalent chromium removal. In present investigation, agricultural waste sugarcane bagasse has been coated with polyaniline and PANI@SB composites were synthesized as an adsorbent for the removal of Cr (VI) from its aqueous solution by adsorption process. Batch adsorption was conducted to optimize the dose of adsorbent, pH, time and concentration. The optimum condition has been found are pH 2.0, 0.3 g adsorbent dose, 10 mgL−1 initial concentration at 303 K. Multilayer adsorption of Cr (VI) was found to occur on the heterogeneous surface of PANI@SB with maximum adsorption capacity of 35.2 mgg−1 at 303 K. It was observed that adsorption data fitted well to the Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo- second-order model with high R2, low chi square (χ2), low root mean square error (RMSE) and low standard deviation (SD) values by applying non linear regression method. Positive values of enthalpy and Gibbs free energy of adsorption suggest endothermic and spontaneous nature of adsorption occurs. FESEM, EDX, XRF, HR-TEM, FTIR, XRD, AFM, BET surface area and XPS analysis were conducted to understand the surface characteristics of PANI@SB before and after adsorption of Cr (VI). Response surface modeling (RSM), a statistical tool, was applied to experimental data to optimize the process parameters. A quadratic model equation was generated between the process parameters and response for Cr (VI) removal. The optimization study from RSM showed that pH and adsorbent dose has significant effect on removal of Cr (VI) due to higher lack of fit (F) value. The optimum conditions for maximum removal of 97% Cr (VI) are found at pH 2.0 with 0.3 g of adsorbent dose, time of 90 min at 303 K obtained by RSM. PANI@SB is regenerated with 0.2 N NaOH and can be reused up to two desorption-adsorption cycles (removal 92%) with slight decreases in its original sorption capacity. On the basis of this study it is found that PANI@SB is very efficient, stable, reusable and effective adsorbent for removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous medium and it can be used in industrial scale
Intelligent Mine Periphery Surveillance using Microwave Radar
No full textThis paper deals with an intelligent mine periphery surveillance system, which has been developed by CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dhanbad, India, as an aid for keeping constant vigilance on a selected area even in adverse weather conditions like foggy weather, rainy weather, dusty environment, etc. The developed system consists of a frequency modulated continuous wave radar, a pan-tilt camera, a wireless sensor network, a fast dedicated graphics processing unit, and a display unit. It can be spotting an unauthorized vehicle or person into the opencast mine area, thereby avoiding a threat to safety and security in the area. When an intrusion is detected, the system automatically gives an audio-visual warning at the intrusion site where the radar is installed as well as in the control room. The system has the facility to record the intrusion data as well as video footage with timestamp events in the form of a log. Further, the system has a long-range detection capability covering around 400 m distance with an integration facility using a dynamic wireless sensor network for deploying multiple systems to protect the extended periphery of an opencast mine. The field trial of this low-cost mine periphery surveillance system has been carried out at Tirap Opencast Coal Mine of North Eastern Coalfields in Margherita Area, Assam, India and it has proved its efficacy in preventing revenue loss due to illicit mining, unauthorized transportation of minerals, and ensuring safety and security of the mine to a great extent
Heterogeneous Nanocatalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis
No full textInternationally emerging energy trend, depletion of existing fossil fuel reserves along with growing population and alarming pollution all together has diverted the research towards the use of renewable fuels such as biodiesel. Biodiesel being eco-friendly and climate neutral is a better alternative to vastly depleting petrodiesel fuels. Biodiesel is frequently produced by combining vegetable oil and alcohol with catalyst in a transesterification reaction. Catalyst is a key factor that is known to affect the kinetics and output of a transesterification reaction. Moreover, one of the most critical features of a catalyst‘s catalytic activity is the particle size. The present review is an account of the widely used heterogeneous nanocatalyst for biodiesel synthesis. Heterogeneous nanocatalyst are novel for FAME synthesis as they are economical, recyclable, reusable, readily available, active, selective, non-corrosive, stable and conveniently separable. Metal oxide (MO), Nano ferrites, Nano zeolites, Nano hydrotalcite and Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) based heterogeneous nanocatalyst and their reusability have been discussed. Critical factors like time duration, alcohol-to-oil ratio, reaction temperature, intensity of mixing, catalyst loading etc. have also been accounted in this review
Concentration, sources and health effects of silica in ambient respirable dust of Jharia Coalfields Region, India
No full textThe concentration of silica in occupational conditions is well defined and estimated around the world. Many countries in the world have developed air standards for occupational conditions based on the percent silica in ambient air. This is due to the pulmonary effect caused by silica yielding diseases like silicosis and pneumoconiosis. In India, occupational exposure to silica dust is regulated by Directorate General of Mine Safety (Tech.) (S&T) Circular No. 1 of 2004 Under Reg. 123 of Coal Mines Regulations, 1957 for any metal/non-metal mining operations estimated gravimetrically. As no silica standards are prescribed in India for non-occupational conditions, venturing into such analysis was well envisaged and perceived
Constructing the nanomixture of guar gum and Fe3O4 for photocatalytic degradation of dyes and heavy metal
No full textA novel nanomixture derived from the partially hydrolyzed guar gum and in situ assimilated Fe3O4 (GG-Fe3O4) has been developed and characterized using TGA, PXRD, UV–visible, FESEM, FT-IR, XPS, TEM, elemental mapping, and VSM analysis. FESEM and TEM analysis have revealed that GG-Fe3O4 consists of the homogeneous mixture of Fe3O4 and guar gum nanoparticles of different shapes, i.e., octahedron with circle and square. The synthesized nanomixture demonstrated efficient degradation of carcinogenic and mutagenic dyes indigo carmine and crystal violet and photoreduction of Cr(VI) under direct sunlight radiation. Besides, the magnetically retrieved photo-catalyst exhibited its reusability up to six cycles in the degradation process without notable loss of catalytic activity. The major focus of this study is to use iron oxide nanoparticles with excellent reusability toward photocatalytic degradation of organic dye pollutants in wastewater and exploit this technique for environmental remediation applications
