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Emerging electrochemical additive manufacturing technology for advanced materials: Structures and applications
No full textElectrochemical additive manufacturing (ECAM) has emerged as a promising cluster of technologies
with the potential to fabricate complex 3D micro/nanostructures within a diverse range of materials,
serving a broad spectrum of applications. However, significant obstacles must be overcome in order to
realize its full potential and produce durable materials capable of competing with present cutting-edge
offers. For this, the current review provides an extensive overview of the state-of-the-art ECAM
technologies including localized electrochemical deposition (LED), meniscus-confined electrodeposi-
tion (MCED), electrohydrodynamic redox printing (EHD-RP), fluid FM electrodeposition, and scanning
ion conductance microscopy (SICM) and emphasizes esoteric developments in these technologies. Here,
we deeply explore recent advances in printability of diverse material, structure–property correlations,
dimensionality control, theoretical investigations, and modeling initiatives followed by the outline of
difficulties and trends influencing the emerging research. This review, directs its focus toward the
emerging scenarios of ECAM technologies, shedding light on their unique operational mechanisms and
their potential utilization across numerous engineering domains, including micro-electronics (chips
and circuits), energy storage (batteries and supercapacitors) sensing (electrochemical and SERS sensor),
decorative art (warli art, spiritual, and abstract designs), electromagnetic shielding, catalysis and
separation, to bridge the existing gaps between material properties and applications precisely.
Inconclusive remarks, we discussed our perspective with unique ideas that can be used to collectively
focus on this field to achieve freeform production of various materials for commercialization
Hydrothermally synthesized cobalt vanadate nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of Fast Orange Red dye and supercapacitor applications
No full textHerein, Co2V2O7 and Co3V2O8 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by changing only the precursor molar ratio
using a simple hydrothermal approach. Numerous analytical approaches were used to characterise the synthe-
sized NPs. The crystal structures of the NPs were found to be monoclinic (Co2V2O7) and orthorhombic (Co3V2O8)
with an average crystallite size of 29 nm and 25 nm, respectively. Furthermore, the band gaps for Co2V2O7 and
Co3V2O8 were calculated to be 1.8 eV and 2.1 eV, respectively. The supercapacitor properties of both the syn-
thesized NPs were performed. After 1000 cycles, the specific capacitance values were determined to be 628 F⋅g− 1
for Co2V2O7 nanoparticles and 415 F⋅g− 1 for Co3V2O8, indicating an excellent retention rate of almost 90 % for
both materials. Furthermore, stability measurements at a current density of 5 A⋅g− 1 demonstrated that even after
3000 cycles, the capacitive retention remained stable at 90 %. The photocatalytic investigations for the degra-
dation of Fast Orange Red dye using Co2V2O7 and Co3V2O8 was performed. Co2V2O7 showed a decolourization
rate of 93.8 %, whereas Co3V2O8 had a decolourization rate of 88.95 % within 120 min of UV light irradiation.
Overall, the research sheds light on the properties of Co2V2O7 and Co3V2O8 nanoparticles, making them viable
candidates for practical energy and environmental applications. The obtained results also motivate the synthesis
of comparable NPs with improved characteristics for real-world applications
Comparative study of environmental and safety hazards generated from rock blasting, machinery operation and transportation
No full textEvaluation of energy accumulation, strain burst potential and stability of rock mass during underground extraction of a highly stressed coal seam under massive strata-a field study
No full textSevere geotechnical problems like strain burst, side spalling, roof fall, irregular caving, the premature collapse of rib/remnant pillars, etc. are frequently observed during the mining of highly stressed coal seams under massive overlying strata. In this study, different underground structures and adequate support systems under such complex geological conditions are designed by evaluating energy accumulation, strain burst potential, stress conditions and stability of the rock mass. An energy-based safety factor is derived and implemented through numerical modelling to identify the yield zones in the surrounding rock mass. The strain burst potential in different locations is also evaluated by the elastic energy accumulation and the Burst Potential Index (BPI) whose maximum values reach 628 kJ/m3 and 47.6% respectively during depillaring operations. These values indicate the significant strain burst and side spalling conditions which are corroborated by the field investigations and monitoring data by geotechnical instruments. Control measures have been taken by leaving the optimum size of rib/remnant pillars in the goaf and installing adequate support systems in the working areas. It is observed in the field that rib/remnant pillars, designed with a safety factor of ∼0.17 are found suitable for regular caving of overlying massive strata in the goaf. The side spalling and the strain burst are minimised by installing the glass-reinforced plastic (GRP) bolts and the wire mesh. The uncontrolled caving of the overlying massive strata in the working area is prevented by installing closely spaced two rows of rock bolts at the goaf edge. This study would be helpful to design different underground structures and to ensure the safety of working areas during the extraction of highly stressed coal seams under massive strata
Fluorescent carbon nanomaterials from coal and its derivatives: structure, properties, and applications
No full textCoal is a cheap and sustainable precursor for the preparation of fuorescent carbon nanomate�rials (FCNMs). Based on the size and morphology, these nanomaterials are classifed as carbon quan�tum dots (CQDs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofbers (CNFs), carbon nanosheets (CNSs), graphene quantum dots (GQDs), carbon polymer
dots (CPDs) etc. The FCNMs have sparked inter�est because of their distinctive fuorescence, efec�tive catalysis, water solubility, biocompatibility, ease of surface functionalization, cost-efective synthesis,
photostability, and other potential benefts for various advanced applications. A substantial percentage of the scientifc community has been driven by a strong desire to prepare carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) using environmentally acceptable and low-cost synthe�sis methods. The precursors used in the preparation
of carbon-based nanomaterials are critical to the technology’s future success. Most traditional syn�thesis procedures use high-cost carbon feedstocks like hydrocarbons and graphite, limiting their com�mercialization. In this review, coal is used as starting material for the synthesis of FCNMs and is applied in
various current felds.Highlights
• Coal and its derivatives derived fuo�rescent carbon nanomaterials are discussed.
• Diferent type of methodology basically top-down
and bottom-up for the preparation of fuorescent car�bon nanomaterials are described.
• The physical and optical properties of fuorescent carbon nanomaterials are discussed.
• The origin of fuorescence on coal-based nanomate�rials have been discussed.
• The multifunctional applications of fuorescent car�bon nanomaterials are summarized in detail.
• The advantage, challenges and future prospects of fuorescent Carbon Nanomaterials from Coal is discusse
Pore Evolution during Combustion of Distinct Thermally Mature Shales: Insights into Potential In Situ Conversion
No full textOrganic-rich shales are marked by the presence of complex pore structures and extremely low permeabilities, which present challenges while extracting hydrocarbon from them. With the potential negative environmental impacts of hydraulic fracturing, recent research has focused on alternative techniques such as in situ combustion/pyrolysis for enhancing the permeability of shales. In this study, low-temperature combustion was used to evaluate the evolution of pore structures in shales for contrasting thermal maturities and organic matter type from the Raniganj and Bikaner–Nagaur basins of India. The heating temperatures were decided on the basis of the combustion behavior of the samples observed from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Results from low-pressure N2 and CO2 gas adsorption indicate that mesopore and micropore structures in shales are significantly altered due to thermal treatment at higher temperatures. In general, for both of the shales, initially, when treated at lower temperatures, with respect to the raw shales, the mesopore surface area and fractal dimensions were observed to increase with lowering of pore sizes and vice versa. Similar to the mesopore trend, the increase–decrease trend of microporosity with heating was observed to be consistent for both of the shales. The oil-window mature shales showed a significant increase in micropores compared to the thermally immature shales. Microstructural investigations using high-resolution imaging also indicated a dramatic alteration of visible porosity with thermal treatment
Urban ecosystem services and climate change: a dynamic interplay
No full textUrban ecosystems play a crucial role in providing a wide range of services to their inhabitants, and their functioning is deeply intertwined with the effects of climate change. The present review explores the dynamic interplay between urban ecosystem services and climate change, highlighting the reciprocal relationships, impacts, and adaptation strategies associated with these phenomena. The urban environment, with its built infrastructure, green spaces, and diverse human activities, offers various ecosystem services that enhance the wellbeing and resilience of urban dwellers. Urban ecosystems offer regulatory services like temperature control, air quality upkeep, and stormwater management, plus provisioning like food and water. They also provide cultural benefits, promoting recreation and community unity. However, climate change poses significant challenges to urban ecosystem services. Rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and increased frequency of extreme weather events can disrupt the functioning of urban ecosystems, impacting the provision of services. Heatwaves and urban heat island effects can compromise human health and energy demands, while changes in rainfall patterns can strain stormwater management systems and lead to flooding. Moreover, climate change can disrupt biodiversity and ecological processes, affecting the overall resilience and sustainability of urban ecosystems. To address these challenges, cities are adopting various adaptation strategies that recognize the interdependence between urban ecosystems and climate change. Green infrastructure interventions, such as the creation of urban parks, green roofs, and community gardens, aim to mitigate the impacts of climate change by enhancing the regulation of temperature, improving air quality, and reducing stormwater runoff. Additionally, urban planning and design approaches prioritize compact and walkable neighborhoods, promoting public transportation and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Furthermore, engaging communities in the management of urban ecosystems and climate change adaptation measures is crucial for ensuring equitable distribution of ecosystem services and building social resilience. Therefore, the review article highlights a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic interrelationship between urban ecosystem services and climate change and their implications. By recognizing and integrating the contributions of urban ecosystems, cities can develop sustainable and resilient strategies to mitigate and adapt to climate change, ensuring the wellbeing and habitability of urban environments for present and future generations
Unravelling the ozone toxicity in Zea mays L.(C4 plant) under the elevated level of CO2 fertilization.
No full textEnhanced anthropogenic activities affect agricultural production in many ways. An integrated study assessing the combined impact of increased tropospheric ozone and carbon dioxide on agriculture is still elusive. An investigation was carried out to study the impacts of elevated levels of CO2 (eCO2) and O3 (eO3) and their interaction on a C4 plant, maize cultivar DHM117, based on growth, physiological, and yield responses using open top chambers. Plant growth parameters remained unaffected due to eCO2 exposure. However, the toxic impact of O3 was alleviated to some extent under eCO2 concentration, as revealed by the increment in total biomass under combined exposure. CO2 fertilization increased yield by 13.8%, while a reverse trend was observed under eO3 treatment. Lowering of stomatal conductance under eCO2 partially protected the plants against O3 uptake and resulting phytotoxicity. Stimulation of total phenolic and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity confirmed the activation of defence mechanism to counter the oxidative stress under high O3 dose. Likewise, a significant rise in the activities of antioxidative enzymes [peroxidase (POX) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)] involved in defence mechanisms was observed under ECO2 + EO3, leading to a reduced accumulation of H2O2 content in the test plant. This observation was further affirmed by the redundancy analysis, which revealed the significant role of enzymatic antioxidants (explained variance = 15.5%) in compensating for the damaging effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS), translating to significant changes in yield attributes under combined exposure of CO2 and O3
Parallel Finite Element Analysis of 1D and 2D Problems of Heat Distribution in Mine Ventilation Galleries
No full textAssessment of Water Condition in Underground Mine Workings of Belgaon Coal Mine, India
No full textBelgaon underground coal mine is located in Warora tehsil of Chandrapur district, Maharashtra, India. ‘Mayo seam’ at Belgaon mine has a total thickness of 11 m but only the bottom section is found to be mineable, which has seam thickness varying from 3.2 to 3.7 m. This coal seam is dipping at 1 in 6.25 to 1 in 20 and is being developed along the floor by leaving a coal layer of 0.5–0.6 m against the shale roof. Panel D2-1 of the seam is developed at a depth of approximately 230 m by Bord and Pillar method with pillars of 40 m × 40 m in size. This D2-1 Panel has been planned for depillaring with caving to extract the coal and accordingly support design work as well as hydro-geological study, which has been carried out both for safety and also for statuary compliance. This research paper focuses on the site-specific hydrogeological study performed for water assessment in the Moturs/Barakar coal formations including related water management. The study is based on the encountered geological conditions, local aquifer parameters and other site-specific field observations. Both primary data and secondary data have been used for analysis and discussion in this study. The scientific evaluation carried out concluded that extraction of coal from the Depillaring panel D2-1 is safe and the creation of goaf, as a result of the depillaring operation, will cause an insignificant impact on the water-charged Kamptee series as a whole. Encountered geological features of the underground working areas will play an important role in the magnitude of water quantity