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The Influence of Natural Disasters on Violence Against Women
No full textiv, 20 p.Violence against women is a critical public health issue, affecting women daily worldwide. Similarly, natural disasters (e.g., droughts, earthquakes, floods, typhoons, hurricanes, landslides) take a devastating toll on the communities they affect, not only due to loss of life, property, and community, but also due to increased risk of psychological and health problems following disaster. Previous research has identified a relationship between natural disasters and a rise in violence against women; however, limited research has investigated this phenomenon on a global scale. The goal of the present review is to highlight the effect of natural disasters on violence against women, the associated health outcomes with this trauma, and suggest gender-focused policy to improve disaster-response and reduce violence against women in a post-disaster setting. After reviewing the literature, it was found that across various cultures, gender-based violence (e.g. violence against women, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault) spikes immediately before, during, and after natural disasters. Negative mental health outcomes after gender-based violence following disaster can include PTSD, depression, anxiety, elevated stress levels, low self-esteem, elevated suicide rates, sleep problems and drug use as well as negative physical and reproductive health outcomes such as sexually transmitted infections, unintended pregnancies, shortness of breath, palpitations, cardiac arrhythmias, asthma, hyperventilation, migraines, insomnia, fatigue, etc. Gender-focused policy suggestions amid disaster includes collection of age- and sex- disaggregated data, women being involved in relief planning, accommodation centers focused on protection of women, and assistance being granted to individuals as opposed to heads of households
Manzanas Naranjas : Discussing a Heritage Spanish Language Speaker Track in the Spanish Language and Literatures Department
No full textiv, 32 p.The present project seeks to examine Heritage Spanish Language Speaker and Spanish Second Language Learner perceptions of and experiences regarding Spanish learning related to the Department of Spanish Language and Literatures at Kalamazoo College. A student survey was created and sent out to students who were declared Spanish majors and minors in the Fall 2021 trimester. Included were questions related to their various backgrounds and how this coincided with their curricular experiences. The results indicate Heritage Spanish Language Speaker experiences differ from those of Spanish Second Language Learners. Español 295H was a course designed for Heritage Spanish Language Speakers previously offered by the department during the 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 academic years. The course is believed to have been discontinued due to low student enrollment, student scheduling conflicts, and other similar-themed courses being offered. However, it benefits the department to consider the perpetual demographic change of the campus community and the growing Latino/ Hispanic student population, which creates a need to revisit an identity-diverse and catered curriculum that cultivates, reinforces, and shares students’ differing ethnolinguistic identities. It is, therefore, critical that the department examines, learns, and applies strategies that fulfill the needs of all its students, thereby creating the opportunity for recruitment and retention of students in the department and college as a whole. As a references, interviews related to how other universities' Spanish departments operate their Spanish heritage track programs systems are provided. Dr. Katie MacLean of Kalamazoo College, Dr. Jocelly Meiners of the University of Texas at Austin, Dr. Anel Brandl of Florida State University, and Dr. Mara Luisa Parra-Velasco of Harvard University served as interviewees. With that said, the principal objective of this paper is to create a dialogue with the Spanish Language and Literature department about creating a course for Heritage Spanish Language Speakers. INDEX WORDS: Heritage Spanish Language Speaker (HSLS), Spanish Second Language Learners (SSLL
Examining the Neuroprotective Effects of 7-hydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone in a Glutamate Excitotoxicity model of C. Elegans
No full text1 Broadside. 48"W x 36"HNeurodegenerative diseases affect about 50 million Americans each year. Glutamate excitotoxicity is a pathway that plays a role in neuronal death across several neurodegenerative diseases through the toxic influx of calcium. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) have been used as a model system for human diseases due to its sensory and neuromuscular system. Yoon et al. found 5-HPEC to have neuroprotective effects in rat cortical cells. Driscoll et al. have shown that ZB1102 strain is a good model of glutamate excitotoxicity due to the influx of glutamate in the synapse that affects neurophysiology in C. elegans. Previous studies have shown that 5-HPEC has a significant neuroprotective effect against glutamate excitotoxicity in ZB1102 animals. 7-HPEC has been isolated from natural sources and is structurally related to 5-HPEC. The neuroprotective activity of 7-HPEC has not yet been investigated.Kalamazoo College. Department of Biology. Diebold Symposium, 202
Heckscher-Ohlin Model : A Theoretical Examination of Capital and Labor Movement in the Maize Industry Across the United States and Mexico
No full text22 p.Free trade is unquestionably the most favorable policy for developing and developed nations. There are, however, nuances to consider. Even in situations where trade benefits all involved nations, such as the United States and Mexico, winners and losers can emerge due to the complexities of trade policies. Furthermore, free trade may not always be the optimal choice for a nation when market imperfections and distortions exist. Restricting trade can thus sometimes lead to better outcomes for a trading nation. Often, countries decide to purchase goods from abroad where labor costs are significantly lower than domestic expenses. In these cases, business tends to focus on labor intensive industries when engaging in international trade. For instance, in Mexico, crop production is more cost-effective, enabling the United States to acquire products like maize at a lower cost. This paper aims to analyze this scenario using the Heckscher-Ohlin Model to offer recommendations to the Mexican economy on the question of whether to engage in trade. It commences by providing an overview of the Heckscher-Ohlin Model in the context of international trade. Then it conducts a detailed analysis of trade practices between the United States and Mexico. By scrutinizing the movement of capital and labor in the maize industry between these two nations, the paper endeavors to shed light on whether trade is indeed the unequivocal best policy for economic benefit. The paper suggests that while trading with other nations can offer significant advantages, as an increase GDP and employment, an excessive reliance on trade may eventually lead to adverse consequences, particularly for Mexico’s maize industry and the overall national economy
Effects of Cytokines on the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Renal Cell Carcinoma
No full text1 Broadside. 48"W x 36"HClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common type of renal cell carcinoma, occurs in approximately 80% of all renal cell carcinomas. ccRCC may undergo an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) where cells become elongated and spindly and metastasize. EMT may also lead to changes in immunogenicity of the tumor, including upregulation of immune checkpoint inhibitors such as PD-L1. PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1), an immune checkpoint present on some tumors, has been correlated with worse outcomes. PD-L1 targeted immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies have already improved patient cancer outcomes and data has shown that PD-L1 inhibitor therapy can significantly enhance antitumor immunity and prolong survival.Kalamazoo College. Department of Biology. Diebold Symposium, 202
“The Making of a Mad Woman”: A Collection of Poems
No full textix, 30 p.In truth, if someone had told me three years ago when I started my English major journey here at Kalamazoo College, I would be writing a preface for my poetry sip made up of almost thirty poems, written about me, my life, my feelings, and my experiences, I simply would not have believed them. I had always seen poetry and specifically my poetry as one of two things: not good enough or way too intensely deep and personal to ever share. Unable to handle the sting of rejection, I tucked the vulnerability that poetry brought out into my back pocket like a half-used tube of my favorite ChapStick. Looking back, I’m not sure what pushed me to reach back and pull out my favorite tube of ChapStick, called poetry, and apply it on my lips once more. If I had to guess, it came down to me feeling emotions that were too big, intense, and confusing for me to do anything but write them down to make any sense of how I felt. Those writings turned into poems before my very eyes. All of these poems began the same way, a feeling that led to an overwhelming compulsion to write, as if the only thing my mind and hands could do at that exact moment, was to put pen to paper
Analysis of the Gender Paradox of Depression
No full text1 broadside. 48"W x 36"HThis project examines the gender paradox of depression, or the difference between the ratio of rates of depression in men and women being roughly 1:2, and the ratio of deaths by suicide in men and women, roughly 3:1 or 4:1. The lowest gender ratios apply across all races and ethnicities, with some being much higher than the 3:1 minimum. The most common explanations for this gender paradox are that; men underreport their depression or are underdiagnosed, that the method of suicide men choose leads to higher mortality rates than those that women choose, that the higher rate in male suicides is the reason more women are diagnosed, or that women are truly more predisposed to depression than men. Underreporting and underdiagnosing is extremely hard to test for, but the data show that men are, to some extent, underreporting symptoms of depression. Men are twice as likely as women to have substance abuse issues, most commonly alcoholism and nicotine, but also various other drugs. There was next to no information about the gender differences in transgender and nonbinary people's depression and suicide statistics. That issue is much more complex, as there is much more diverse stress, but it does need to be studied.Kalamazoo College. Department of Psychology. VanLiere Symposium, 202
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Assessment of Peptoid-Coumarin Hybrids
No full textiv, 24p.Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a pressing challenge for modern medicine. As treatments become ineffective against drug-resistant bacteria, the need for new antibiotics becomes clear. One strategy for novel antibiotic discovery is the hybridization of different bioactive drugs. Hybrid molecules have the potential to carry over bioactive properties of precursor molecules. Drug candidates with multiple biological targets have increased efficacy. Thus, combination of bioactive molecules with the potential of targeting multiple systems is favorable. A set peptide-coumarin hybrids were discovered with synergistic antibiotic activity against gram-positive bacteria. Moderate antibiotic activity was shown for these compounds. Using the described Tyr-Gly-Ser peptide, a library of peptoids was designed and synthesized. These parent peptoids were combined with coumarins (1) and (2) to create different hybrids. Our peptoid-coumarin were screened for activity by measuring optical density at 600 nm when present in various concentrations below 20 μM in a liquid culture of bacteria. Hybrids with analogous sequences with similar lipophobicity were expected to conserve moderate antibiotic activity in gram-positive bacteria when compared to the peptide-coumarins with the same coumarin. Additionally, hybrids containing more lipophilic coumarins were expected to show increased activity. When tested in within the minimum inhibitory concentration of 20 μM against E. coli and S. aureus, the hybrids did not conserve their observed activities. 10 novel hybrids were synthesized successfully in the solid-phase and were characterized using analytical HPLC. Additional synthesis of various coumarins is planned as the identity heavily influenced the activity of the hybrid
“Motherhood and the Supernatural in 19th Century Literature” : An Exploration of Bleak House and “The Old Nurse’s Story”
No full textix, 41 p.Understanding womanhood as represented in literature in the nineteenth century is a dense and layered topic, and comes out in many stories that highlight several perspectives. In the nineteenth century there were many communities of women, and men, writing about the experience of being a woman in an era that held such rigid and varying expectations for many communities of women. One of my key convictions in studying literature is holding myself, and my research and understanding of the study, to an expectation that intersectionality is crucially important when studying this era. Many nineteenth century writers, such as Charles Dickens, have been canonized, and while I will be emphasizing my analysis in Bleak House by Charles Dickens, I would like to add that there are many voices at work in the nineteenth century, outside of Dickens, who are just as valuable and crucial in understanding the many perspectives of womanhood in the nineteenth century. Womanhood was widely explored during this time alongside the many literary trends that defined the era. A key trend in the nineteenth century that I will be exploring in this project, alongside the idea of motherhood, is the Gothic, a literary trend that was popularized at first during the Romantic period and carried its influence through many movements of literature in the nineteenth century. While I do not like placing pieces of literature into staunch genres, as this takes away from the many intricacies and in many cases, revolutionary and exceptional, natures of a piece of literature, I will be using the Gothic genre to explore how nineteenth century writers used elements of the Gothic to explore thematic connections between motherhood, specifically, that of unwed motherhood, and elements of the supernatural, and how this became a literary trend and thematic concern