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Between the Pages : German American Identity Formation in Late 19th Century Milwaukee using the Germania Newspaper
No full text65 p.Newspaper analysis can offer insight into communities, their world views, and how the companies perceived them. Germania served as one of those newspapers for a community of German Americans in Milwaukee from the late 19th century. A newspaper company titled Germania Wöchenliche was bought by George Brumder in 1873, creating one of Wisconsin’s most popular German-language newspapers leading into the 20th century. Located in downtown Milwaukee, the Germania publishing company building was a staple in printing news regarding national and international affairs, while also–with less emphasis–reporting on local events happening in Wisconsin. The publishing company would enjoy an ever-increasing German American population, quoted by Robert C. Nesbit stating how, "In 1850, Wisconsin had 38,064 German-born in a total population of 305,391. […] In 1870, with a population of 1,054,670 and 364,448 foreign-born, the percentage was 34.6. [...] By 1880, the foreign-born population in Wisconsin was approximately one-third of the total population"1 The German American community was large enough in Milwaukee for the city to earn the nick-name Deutsch Athen, translated as German Athens. Milwaukee received that name from the German immigrants arriving in Milwaukee at the time.2 It was not as if George Brumder’s work was insignificant either, as he would eventually buy out all the local newspapers in Milwaukee and grow Germania into one of the biggest German language newspapers in the 1890s
Survival and symbiosis of entomopathogenic nematode H. bacteriophora
No full textiv, 24 p.Photorhabdus, an obligate symbiont of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in the genus Heterorhabditis, exhibits a dual lifestyle as both a mutualist to nematodes and a pathogen to insects. This study investigates the mechanisms underlying symbiosis specificity, phase variation, and the effects of secondary metabolites on nematode health. Using Photorhabdus temperata MA, a transposon-mutagenized library was created to identify genes enabling colonization of non-native nematode hosts. Screening revealed mutants with altered gut colonization ability. In addition, we evaluated nematode survival on mutant Photorhabdus strains, using Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Caenorhabditis elegans. Results indicated reduced pathogenicity of secondary-form (2°) and exbD mutants towards C. elegans, while H. bacteriophora survival was impaired only on 2° K122 lawns, likely due to the lack of a symbiosis factor. Our findings highlight the complex interplay between secondary metabolite production, phase variation, and symbiosis specificity in Photorhabdus. Future work will include gene sequencing, qRT-PCR, and targeted knockouts to identify symbiosis factors critical for nematode colonization and development, further illuminating the co-evolutionary dynamics of these bacteria and their nematode hosts
Progress Toward the Synthesis of Manganese (II) Coordination Complexes with Tridentate Imine Ligands
No full textiii, 18 p.Replacing fossil fuel energy sources is desirable because of the harmful carbon emissions to Earth’s atmosphere. Currently, some clean energy options, like dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), are used to harness energy from the sun. These DSSCs use expensive and unabundant metals such as Ir, Os, Re, and Ru, making them unsustainable. Our group is using manganese to solve this issue due to its low cost, high abundance, many oxidation states, and low toxicity. The goal of this project is to synthesize [Mn(Ph-IAPP)2]2+ (Ph-IAPP is [(E)-{4-phenyl-6-[(phenylimino)methyl]-2-pyridyl}methyleneamino]benzene). The synthetic route for Ph-IAPP consists of five steps; this project focuses on the optimization of the first three steps, starting from dimethyl-4-chloropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate. Plans to coordinate Ph-IAPP to Mn(II) are also discussed
Reimagining French Language Education at Kalamazoo College : a case study on language, education, diversity and standardization
No full textxi, 20 p.This project focuses on a case study of the French and Francophone Studies department at Kalamazoo College to critically discuss themes of diversity, standardization, and land-based learning within language education. The source includes a written component that breaks down the methodology of the paper, a video recording of a speech in the form of a TED talk, and a reflection piece. This paper reimagines what French language education could look like at Kalamazoo College considering its colonial history, the location of Kalamazoo College, current French cultural issues, and language policy and planning. Ultimately, this piece serves as both an academic source on language education and an example of how we can restructure education
Recognize, Repeat, Refigure : The Deployment of Genre and Form in Buffy the Vampire Slayer
No full textx, 45 p.The dueling of traditional adherence and innovation works to place BtVS within the established narrative practice of vampire stories, while also presenting a refutation of the othering and lonely lifestyle it presented. Its paradoxical mission statement is held together by the ever-changing nature of vampires on paper and onscreen. While the vampires in BtVS can be categorized under Nina Auerbach’s theory of change, BtVS’s best utilization of her concept applies it to the non-vamp protagonist and then beyond. Buffy’s ability to create meaningful change is at first applied only to her and her friends. However, the ending of the series allows Buffy to extend this ability beyond herself, and again upend a seemingly set-in-stone prophecy, that of the ever-continuing slayer cycle. The innovation of BtVS is more than its punchy concept of a blonde girl beating up monsters, it's a Trojan Horse of a chosen one story, in which Buffy’s interiority becomes more important to the narrative than the powers she was given. The series is not afraid to handle dark themes, although these moments of profound discomfort were often parcelled out within episodes that used heavy pastiche in order to contrast the emotional outbursts they contained. Episodes like “Once More With Feeling” and “Buffy vs Dracula” juggle presenting both comedic takes on the genre forms being played with, alongside intense moments of emotional confusion or clarity. The application of a heavy pastiche in these episodes does not come at the loss of character study; instead, these episodes provide some of the most clearly presented instances of Buffy bristling against tradition and her seemingly invariable destiny. The reimagination of myth and tradition is the crux of what makes BtVS an enduring tale within the wider and incredibly dense category of vampire media. While Buffy herself might not have quite the same household familiarity as the oft-repeated Dracula, when examined within the context of a more ever-changing vampire story being central to the legacy of vampire storytelling, BtVS is an adaptation that exemplifies the ethos of the genre, even as it purposefully deconstructs it. Despite being a series that began in, and is deeply indebted to 90s culture, BtVS has managed to hold onto its relevancy into the current day. A series of comics continuing the adventures of Buffy and the Scooby Gang was published after the finale, comic-cons celebrating the show still draw crowds, and recently a reboot of the series has been announced. Despite struggling with her legacy over the course of seven seasons, Buffy managed to build a solid one of her own. Buffy’s final act of undoing prophecy, of granting choice to the chosen ones, is not only a fitting end to this particular series but a simultaneous celebration and refutation of what makes these supernatural characters so captivating
Zhang Guimei and the Evolution of Girls’ Education in Rural China : The Intersection of Social Norms, Policy, and Grassroots Advocacy in She and Her Girls (2024)
No full text25 p.This paper analyzes how historical and regional social norms have contributed to the limited educational opportunities for girls in rural China and examines how government policies and grassroots efforts intersect with these norms to improve access to educational opportunities for these girls. Through the case study of Zhang Guimei’s efforts in establishing Huaping High School for Girls, this paper highlights the role of grassroots advocacy in addressing systemic barriers. This analysis is framed through the TV series She and Her Girls, which is based on the real-life efforts of Zhang Guimei. This paper combines cinematic analysis with external research to examine how various factors shape teenage girls’ educational attainment in rural China. It investigates the impact of government reforms; it also considers how policies have historically changed access to education for girls. In addition, it analyzes socio-economic conditions, such as poverty and regional disparities, that affect overall educational opportunities, as well as an investigation into how cultural attitudes, like traditional gender roles, and the role they play in girls’ educational attainment. Elaborating on these ideas, this paper explores the influence that Confucianism has had on regional social norms and on how those longstanding beliefs have shaped rural resident’s perceptions of girl’s education. It examines the role that government policies have had in expanding educational access by discussing policies like the One-Child policy, which had positive consequences on girl’s education and the Two Exemption and One Subsidy program that lessened the educational financial burden on rural families through financial aids to individual families. This also includes the Compulsory Education Law that mandated schooling up to the elementary level but faced overall challenges in enforcement among rural communities. Beyond these government-led efforts, this paper also takes into consideration the efforts of nongovernment initiatives like the Hope project and the Spring Bud project, which gave disadvantaged rural girls financial support towards completing their educations. Despite all of these initiatives, gender cultural discrimination remained persistent in rural areas and girls continued to face barriers to education. Under these circumstances, Zhang Guimei’s grassroots initiative, the establishment of China’s first free all-girls high school, serves as the focus of this paper. Zhang’s work in establishing Huaping High School for Girls demonstrates how community-driven efforts, alongside government initiatives, can combine top-down reforms with grassroots advocacy to create change
"How I Learned What I Learned" Senior Integrated Project
No full text11 p.For my senior integrated project, I wanted to do a theatrical piece showing what I have learned about during my time as a student here. More importantly, I wanted to express my art in a way that would get people’s attention by doing something I would not have even thought of if I was back in Tennessee. That was to do a theatrical piece that touched on racism, which no one wants to talk about. At Kalamazoo College, they push to be active in the community and to be social justice leaders. A topic that is going on today is schools in the United States are trying to ban critical race theory from their curriculum. My state was one of the 44 states since January 2021 to introduce bills or take other steps to restrict critical race theory or censor how teachers can lecture about racism and sexism
Investigating TRIP12 Ubiquitination of FZD9 in Attenuation of WNT Signaling
No full textvi, 32 p.The WNT signaling pathway is a crucial regulator of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) proliferation and differentiation, processes essential for maintaining blood and immune system homeostasis. Proper regulation of this pathway is vital as its dysregulation can lead to severe effects, including tumorigenesis and cancer. Excessive proliferation of HSCs due to unrestrained WNT signaling has been implicated in leukemias, highlighting the importance of understanding the pathway's regulation. This study examined the ubiquitination of the FZD9 receptor as a posttranslational modification, and its role in WNT signaling regulation. A targeted mutation (K440R) was introduced at the ubiquitination site on FZD9 to prevent ubiquitination. This revealed that when ubiquitination of the FZD9 receptor is inhibited, WNT signaling activity increases significantly. It was confirmed that TRIP12, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, mediates the ubiquitination of the FZD9 receptor and acts as a negative regulator of the WNT signaling pathway. By suppressing WNT target gene transcription, TRIP12 helps maintain the delicate balance necessary for normal stem cell function. Understanding the complex regulation of the WNT pathway not only advances our understanding of stem cell biology but also provides valuable insights for developing targeted therapies. These interventions could mitigate the effects of WNT pathway dysregulation in cancer.
Keywords: WNT, WNT signaling, FZD, TRIP12, hematopoietic stem cells, ubiquiti
“The Legacy of German Secret Police” : The Implications of Historical German Surveillance on Modern Day Intelligence Agencies, Regulations, and Data Privacy in Germany
No full text60 p.As exaggerated in George Orwell’s dystopian novel, 1984, the use of “Big- Brother” style surveillance programs allows for a government to monitor and surveil its citizens to control the political atmosphere of the state.4 However, can a surveillance program be able to ethically monitor a state without infringing upon the privacy of the individual? The use of surveillance is not uncommon for governments to safeguard national security, but they typically fail to ensure that privacy rights are protected. In an age of immense digitization, countries and organizations must become well-versed in cybersecurity to protect the data and privacy of the billions of citizens and users that they service. The goal then becomes: can an individual’s privacy and data protection coexist with surveillance programs around the globe? Are the rights granted to individuals in various data protection regulations more important than the national security of the state? Are tech companies automatically granted access to a user’s personal data if they utilize the company’s service? Or is user consent required for the company to access, manage, store, and delete this data? These questions and topics piqued my interest in examining the historical legacies of Germany’s pervasive surveillance states and their influence on the heightened emphasis surrounding personal privacy in the digital age. The surveillance regimes of the Gestapo in Nazi Germany and the Stasi in the GDR have left a lasting legacy impacting German attitudes toward government oversight and data protection in the twenty-first century. This paper explores the existence and frameworks of surveillance institutions throughout German history and seeks to understand how they have shaped modern data protection regulations in Germany. Additionally, it examines how these historical precedents continue to influence public perceptions of surveillance programs and the role of tech companies in safeguarding users’ personal data
Writing and Illustrating a Children’s Book Supporting Shy Children’s Entry into Play
No full textv, 49 p.Children’s picture books are often used as a fundamental tool to convey information about the world in a clear and concise manner. Many children’s books discuss relatable social scenarios such as spending time with family, making friends, or going to school. These stories allow the reader to navigate challenges they may face in their own lives or help them to better understand and identify with the struggles of characters they consider to be dissimilar to themselves. Many children entering into school for the first time struggle with feelings of shyness and may have trouble connecting with their peers or entering into play scenarios. Current research suggests that rejection is a common response to attempts to enter into play, even for children with a popular sociometric status. After facing rejection, attempts to re-enter into play often require persistence and assertiveness, responses which often do not come naturally for a shy or anxious child. Despite the commonality of rejection and importance of persistence, there are few children’s books that demonstrate how a shy child might attempt to create a new entry bid. My goal over the summer was to write and illustrate a children’s picture book that would express the complexities of current research on childhood shyness and entry behavior while remaining engaging and comprehensible for the target demographic