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The Teutonic Order and the Baltic Crusades
Get PDFWhen people think of Crusades, they often think of the wars in the Holy Lands rather than regions inside of Europe, which many believe to have already been Christian. The Baltic Crusades began during the Second Crusade (1147-1149) but continued well into the fifteenth century. Unlike the crusades in the Holy Lands which were initiated to retake holy cities and pilgrimage sites, the Baltic crusades were implemented by the German archbishoprics of Bremen and Magdeburg to combat pagan tribes in the Baltic region which included Estonia, Prussia, Lithuania, and Latvia. The Teutonic Order, which arrived in the Baltic region in 1226, was successful in their smaller initial campaigns to combat raiders, as well as in their later crusades to conquer and convert pagan tribes. As an Order that focused on Eastern Europe and the Baltic, the Teutonic Order had to balance their relationship between both the papacy and other Christian kingdoms near the region, particularly the Holy Roman Empire. The Teutonic Order successfully balanced the support of the Holy Roman Empire and the papacy, to become a powerful theocratic state carrying out a mission of conquest and conversion in the Baltic region. Eventually the Teutonic Order, despite its success through the Baltic crusades, would eventually fail in the sixteenth century against a coalition of Mongol, Russian, and Turkish forces
Integrated and Open Interpreter Education: The Open Educational Resource Reader and Workbook for Interpreters
Get PDFhttps://digitalcommons.wou.edu/facbooks/1001/thumbnail.jp
Polyploidy and Water: Relations Traits in Rubus
Get PDFUnlike many other organisms, plants have the ability to survive and even thrive with more than two sets of chromosomes, known as a condition called polyploidy. How this impacts the physiology of those plants is convoluted and needs further study. In my attempt to relate polyploidy to various water relations traits, I completed pressurevolume curves on plants within the blackberry family, Rubus Subgenus Rubus with ploidies ranging from 2-10. As supported by many previous studies, stomatal anatomy characteristics did vary significantly with ploidy. I also found that nighfme, but not daytime, water potential showed significant variation due to ploidy. There was not significant variaioon due to ploidy in any of the pressure-volume measurements studied. Addiioonal collecioon of gas exchange data would provide more insight into these results. These studies will begin to fill a knowledge gap that currently exists in plant physiology. Addiioonally, results from this research could aid current agricultural dilemmas, such as feeding the growing human populaioon in a changing climate
2019 Outstanding Undergraduate Graduation Speech (English)
Get PDF2019 Outstanding Undergraduate Graduation Speech, Commencement Speech. Video footage available at https://wou.edu/include_files/iframe_apps/graduation/2019/commence19_welcome_students.mp
Opportunities for a Senior Center and University to Serve as Third Places and Advance Age-Friendliness in Their Community
Get PDFThe purpose of the current study is to understand the potential use of a community senior center and university campus as third places, where people can gather informally for psychological support through a shared sense of grounding, ease, comfort, friendliness, and mutual concern (Oldenburg, 1999). Third places can help individuals age in place by contributing to the age-friendliness of communities (Banning, Clemons, McKelfresh, & Gibbs, 2010). Through a case study design, researchers used mixed methods to collect data from senior center members, senior center directors, and university administrators. Data were analyzed utilizing focused coding of open-ended responses and descriptive statistics from the quantitative data. Findings revealed implications related to lack of awareness, communication, and perceived barriers, contributing to overall goals of supporting older adults aging in place through creating opportunities for them to feel engaged and empowered in their communities
The Government vs. The Free: A Textual, Discourse, and Political Analysis of A Scene from Across the Universe
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2019-02-06 (The Western Howl)
Get PDFStudent newspaper includes campus, local and national news stories and photographs. For additional information about this collection see: http://digitalcommons.wou.edu/studentnewspapers