Scientific Annals of "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi
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EXPOSURE AND TRIGGERING FACTORS OF ROAD (UN-) SAFETY AND RISKS IN IASI MUNICIPALITY (ROMANIA)
Get PDFRoad accidents are among the leading factors of the general mortality and worldwide about 1.3 million of peoples die yearly in road car crash and between twenty and fifty million suffer different injuries. Romania tops the list in European statistics, with an increased mortality rate caused by road accidents. Overall, this great number of road accidents is caused mainly by the indiscipline of road users doubled by the poor quality of road infrastructure. Regionally, the distribution of road accidents on the Romanian territory is closely related to the presence of the large urban settlements, the road density and connectivity with points or sectors having high values of traffic. Locally, the concentration of accidents in some “black spots” (hotspots) may be influenced by the road geometry, by the complexity of traffic etc. Using GIS software (SAGA GIS, TNTmips etc.) to process a complex database of road accidents (2007-2011), the authors apply the kernel function with different bandwidth to create an expressive spatial pattern of road accidents in Iaşi municipality. The study focuses on the exposed road sectors and on the main triggering factors: not granting priority to pedestrians and to other vehicles, pedestrians’ illegal crossing, excessive speeding and drunk driving
ON THE PLANETARY ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS
Get PDFThe modern and very accurate means for recording air mass movement direction and speed on planetary level, point out a dominant E-W direction. Nevertheless, this movement is false. The earth rotates, together with its atmosphere, from W to E, with a speed of 1,669.79 km/h at the equator. The atmosphere is not solidary to the earth, and registers a delay, a lower speed, caused by inertia. The easterlies do not always represent a real movement of the air mass towards west, but this is the way we perceive such a movement . The easterlies caused by this rotation difference (inertia) are predominant under the conditions of small pressure differences between the baric centers . It is the case of the doldrums. In the areas where the baric centers are already developed, their interaction is obvious. These contrast baric centers are actually the main energy engines of the atmospheric dynamics. They cause the wind intensity and direction. The circular shape of the wind vectors in the areas situated beyond the doldrums is the result of the Coriolis phenomenon (“force”). Within the equatorial easterlies, the Coriolis Effect is practically absent. Therefore, the wind vectors keep the E-W direction unaltered. The hydrosphere is not solidary to the earth either, but it has almost the same rotation speed as the earth because water is captured in smaller or larger depressions of the crust
CLOUD COVER AND INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC FIELD: POSSIBLE RELATIONSHIP
Get PDFSolar energy is the main driver of the climate on Eart, thus the variation of solar activity may affect climate variability via changes in irradiation, energetic particles, cosmic ray flux or solar wind parameters. Solar wind is characterized by speed, magnetic and electric fields, flow pressure, particle flux, dynamic pressure, with various effects on atmospheric processes. One of these is the formation and evolution of clouds which play a crucial role in the terrestrial climate, since they induce cooling or warming effects, depending on their heights and composition. Possible relationship between solar activity and cloud cover variability are lately the subject of various studies, but no clear conclusion exists due to contradictory results obtained so far. This article studies the possible relationship between mean cloud cover and the interplanetary magnetic field at global scale, as well as geographical/regional characteristics for the 1984 – 2009 period, i. e. for solar cycles 22-23, when satellite observations are available at global scale and on a continuous basis. The study also shows the seasonal dependence and is made for different cloud height and composition, i. e. for low/middle/high and liquid/ice types of clouds
STRUCTURAL REASONS OF CURRENT UPGRADING: URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL IMAGES OF THE CHINESE CITY CHONGQING FROM 1949 UNTIL 1980
Get PDFBelonging to a small group of privileged Chinese cities, Chongqing covers a big economic role for the development of the South-west, since the “Open up the West” policy was launched in 1997. In correspondence with the new economic role, the city has also gained a higher political position among the bigger Chinese cities, becoming at that time a new Municipality. The city itself knew thus a 'redefinition' in landscape borders and economic image, fact that should though be seen as a “Renaissance” attempt granted by the Central Government. In this article we would like to offer a new perspective of this city, whose importance in Chinese scenery is most of the time misunderstood by foreigners: a deeper insight into Chongqing history could therefore offer a chance to reflect on the controversial recent phenomena that have affected this territory. Our interest is directed to the analysis of urban and industrial changes on the background of the establishment of the People Republic of China in 1949, from the concept of Danwei to the re-allocation of the industrial apparatus, and concluding with a section dedicated to the performance of Communist 'propaganda rites' behind the urban grid
MORPHOLOGIES INSOLITES DE LA GROTTE DES PERLES
Get PDFIn the extreme South of Massif Central, the Montagne Noire proves to be more and more attractive for amateur speleologists of original speleothems. This is due both to its geological history, to the specific litholohy of karstic rocks and to an important karstification in relation with profuse precipitations. Pits (Cabrespine) and caves are particularly well developed and lauded for their famous aragonite speleotems. Less known, because less touristic, the Pearls Cave is worthy of note as well: it has been selected to belong to the 18 cavities that could be registered on the World Natural Heritage UNESCO list. Indeed, the abundance and the rare beauty of the cave pearls and other curious morphologies confer to it an exceptional interest. The goal of this paper is to give a glimpse of this subterranean world so strange and magnificent
Human settlements in Moldavia represented on “the Russian map”between 1828-1829
Get PDFAşezările omeneşti din Moldova reprezentate pe „harta rusă” din 1828 – 1829. Lucrarea de faţăfost realizată pe seama analizei şi prelucrării datelor oferite de „Harta rusă” şi prezintă numărul, distribuţia geografică şi densitatea aşezărilor omeneşti din regiunea Moldovei în timpul războiului ruso-turc din anii 1828 – 1829, câştigat de ruşi şi încheiat cu Pacea de la Adrianopol (26.04.1829). În timpul acestui război, ofiţerii topografi ruşi au efectuat ridicarea topografică a hărţii la scara de 1 : 420.000, cunoscută în literatura românească şi sub numele de „harta rusă”. Aceasta este o hartă statistică, întrucât autorii au notat lângă fiecare aşezare omenească numărul, de familii (gospodării). După opinia istoricului român C.C. Giurescu (1957), topografii ruşi au folosit datele statistice, referitor la numărul de gospodării (familii), ale unui recensământ mai vechi, din perioada anilor 1821 şi 1828. În ordine cronologică, aceasta veste prima hartă care ne oferă imaginea completă a răspândirii aşezărilor din toată Moldova - exclusiv Bucovina, la începutul sec. al XIX –lea. Totodată, aceasta este şi o hartă administtrativă, deoarece redă şi limitele tuturor ţinututrilor Moldovei. Pe baza acestor date ale conţinutului, am realizat şi două tabele statistice (Tabelul nr. 1 şi Tabelul nr. 2) cât şi două hărţi geografice tematice anexe (Fig. 1 şi Fig. 2), utilizând metode specifice – metoda punctului (simplificată), în Fig. 1 şi metoda izoliniilor, în Fig. 2.). Harta rusă, considerată destul de exactă, a fost gravată în ediţia I- a la 1835 şi în ediţia II - a la 1853
Book review of “Resurse complementare ale pădurii din zona Neamţului” (Costache Gheorghe Rusu)
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The inventory and typology of the wetlands and deep waters from the Moldavian Plateau (Romania)
Get PDFThe Moldavian Plateau is positioned in the east of Romania, between the Eastern Carpathians in west, the Romanian Plain to the south, the Ukrainian border to the north and Prut Valley (border with the Republic of Moldavia) in east. Although the Moldavian Plateau is situated in the driest region of Romania (mean annual rainfall of 500-700 mm and average temperatures of 8-100C), the majority of the wetlands and of the low discharge rivers is found here. The existence of numerous wetlands, respectively small ponds, is due to the human activity and the lack of water resources. The impermeable clayey substratum favored the occurrence and survival of a large number of wetlands. Most of them are found in the Moldavian Plain (north), and the fewest to the south, in the Covurlui Plateau. The disappearance of wetlands from the region’s south was caused by the accelerated erosion (determined by the human activity, through deforestations and inadequate tillage), that induced an intense sediment transportation, with effects on the valley floor aggrading phenomena. The most important wetlands are those developed along the two main rivers – Prut and Siret. Unfortunately, Siret’s floodplain has been in most of its part dammed, and the wetlands entered the agricultural use. The map with the repartition of the wetlands is a product obtained through field investigations, through the consultation of the 1:50000 topographic maps, of aerial photos and satellite images’ interpretation (LANDSAT TM7) from the years 2000-2005. For the interpretation of the satellite images we appealed to the Corine Land Cover 2000 methodology
The influence of relief in the organization and territorial evolution of the built space in Lepsa-Gresu Depression
Get PDFCet article est le résultat d`une étude plus large, précisément Le management des risques naturels et anthropiques de la dépression intra montagneuse Lepşa-Greşu du pays de Vrancea, étude commencée de l`année 2004. Il est concerné l`identification des possibilités d`extension territoriale de l`espace construit fonction du rapport favorabilité/restrictivitédu relief (l`analyse des pentes, des altitudes, de la fragmentation et de l`orientation des versants)
DYNAMICS OF SPATIAL COMPLEXITY IN DISADVANTAGED SOCIO-ECONOMIC AREAS
Get PDFThis paper examines the relevance of spatial complexity concept, especially looking to the dynamics, applied to the disadvantaged socio-economic areas. Relations between different territorial sub-systems have a strong spatial component. Socio-economic sub-systems are connected and interrelated causally but this trend accumulates differentiated increases that are transmitted to spatial complexity. Spatial complexity is not synonymous with economic development unless specialization is achieved only in the primary sector. On the other hand, forced diversification of economic activities achieved by a centralized political system is not a way out of the vicious circle of underdevelopment. Using some relevant variables to measure the socio-economic territorial discrepancies, were delineated the disadvantaged areas. The deep analysis it was made on three selected socio-economic areas, located in different geographical contexts. Dynamics of spatial complexity of rural areas is a relative one, contradictory, with reducing trends of. These tendencies are defined by a subsistence dominant agriculture, accompanied by an incipient services sector