Scientific Annals of "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi
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DELINEATING CATCHMENT AREAS FOR THE EASTERN EUROPEAN AIRPORTS IN 2010
Get PDFThis paper investigates the relation between the LAU2 centroids of selected countries in Eastern Europe and the closest airports, in terms of contribution to the construction of the theoretical catchment areas for these air nodes. Using time distances calculated in the road network and demographic mass of 2010, the methodology we propose is a reproductible guideline for the estimation of the relation between different geographical objects that match on an administrative geometry, at local level. Taking a conceptual distance to notions such as spatial accessibility or potential of interaction, we delineated the catchment areas based on the relative demographic contribution of the LAU2 to the construction of the airports' territorial service areas. The main challenge we faced is not the complexity of the model, but the proper estimation of the time distances in the road network and the implementation of cumulated population functions that can be mapped, in order to decline our objective - the territorial catchment areas of the airports
THE INFLUENCE OF STRONG EL NINO PHASES ON THE RAINFALL OVER THE YUCATAN PENINSULA, MEXICO
Get PDFThe combination of several large-scale atmospheric influences makes the complex climatology of the Yucatán Peninsula difficult to predict. This study explores the most important physical modulator of the rainfall over México, the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and its effects over the peninsula. Two different analyses were applied: non-parametric correlations between the Standardized Anomaly Indices of the long-term seasonal precipitation and the Multivariate ENSO Index; and the assessment of the rainfall response to three case studies, a relatively long hot ENSO phase (1957-58), and the strongest Niños of the twentieth century (1982-1983 and 1997-1998). The main factor determining the ENSO influence over the Yucatan Peninsula precipitation was its intensity: the strong Niños of 1982-83 and 1997-1998 had a positive effect on the rainfall, particularly during the dry-season when conditions were generally wetter than normal over the entire region; furthermore, an unusually wet Nov-Apr period within an intense El Niño phase, provides a reliable indication that rainfall is likely to surpass long-term means for the wet season (May-Oct) as well.
TURKS IN VOJVODINA (SERBIA), IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY AND ON THE BEGINNING OF THE 21st CENTURY
Get PDFThis paper is about presence of the Turks in the area of Vojvodina, respectively, North Serbia. The main task of the paper was the identification of tendencies concerning number and age structure of the Turks ethnic group. Particular attention was given to the period on the second half of 20th and on the beginning of 21st century. Statistical methods and mathematics proceeding are used to compare different parameters of age structure (eg. median age, the old age index etc.). The results of the study will enchance the knowledge about demographic characteristics of Turks in Vojvodina and teherefore might be useful for further research in the field. They are important because the Turks are among the first ethnic groups which are disappearing from this geographic latitude concerning their number and demographic characteristics
ASSESSMENT OF BIOCLIMATIC VARIABILITY ON REGIONAL AND LOCAL SCALES IN CENTRAL EUROPE USING UCTI
Get PDFThe paper presents new approach to study spatial and temporal variability of bioclimatic conditions. The new Universal Thermal Climate Index UTCI was applied in this purpose. UTCI bases on multi-note human heat balance Fiala model and it represents heat stress in man caused by meteorological conditions. The seasonal and regional variability of bioclimate was assessed on an example of selected European cities: Kołobrzeg, Warsaw, Świeradów, Prague, Budapest, Ljubljana and Milan. Daily meteorological data (air temperature, vapour pressure, wind speed and total cloud cover) for the period 1991-2000 was used in this purpose. Annual course of UTCI values and the frequency of UTCI categories are discussed. Significant regional differences between studied cities were found. The results confirm frequent occurrence of unfavourable thermal conditions in Mediterranean region in summer months. However, heat stress was frequently observed in summer in all compared stations. Spatial variability in detail local scale was studied on the examples of selected regions of Poland (Mazovia Lowland, Warsaw). The results show that occurrence of strong heat stress depends not only on general meteorological conditions but also on land use. The greatest heat stress is observed mostly in urbanised areas especially in the central parts of cities and inside industrial districts
HEIGHT REFERENCE OF TERRAIN RELIEFS
Get PDFThe accuracy and resolution of real topographic heights in the terrain reliefs has a special importance in meteorology, hydrology and other Earth’s disciplines dealing with dynamical processes on regional scale. The accuracy of topographic height referencing of a region composed from several areas with independent national geodetic networks depends on the homogeneity of the applied measuring processes and geodetic datum on these areas. The territories falling out of homogeneity can be revealed by comparing their leveled height data to topographic heights produced from GPS measurements. The difference indicate either local gravity anomalies or height datum problem. Two territories were selected (one in Hungary and one in Greece) to demonstrate this method what revealed a height datum problem on the Greek area.
ASSESSING MONTHLY AVERAGE RUNOFF DEPTH IN SĂRĂȚEL RIVER BASIN, ROMANIA
Get PDFThe estimation of the average monthly runoff depth was performed due to SCS-CN method adjusted with slope. This method is focused on the estimation of the runoff depth caused by precipitation, depending on the retention caused by various land use types and hydrological soil groups. In the present study, the SCS-CN method adjustment was possible due to the following formula: CN2α = , proposed by Huang et al. (2006). The precipitation values contained in the SCS-CN formula, in order to estimate the average runoff depth, were spatially modelled by correlating the precipitation values from 11 meteorological stations with the stations' altitude. The spatially modelled values were integrated the formula for SCS-CN method adjusted with the slope value and, finally, the surface runoff depth was spatially modelled within Sărățel river basin. The highest values of the parameter are about 92 mm, in June, when precipitation records its highest values. The analysis of the runoff coefficient values demonstrates that surface runoff depth grows simultaneously with the precipitation values.
RENEWABLE ENERGY EMERGENCE– OPPORTUNITIES FOR A RESILIENT WORKFORCE IN ROMANIA
Get PDFIn the last 20 years, two obvious changes that were faced by the Romanian labour market are the decline of industries demanding large energy consuming leaving tens of thousands of unemployed, but also the emergence of both new energy effective industries and renewable energy (RE) facilities which create jobs and collateral services. Adapting an internationally established methodology, our study estimates the sum of positive employment due to investments in renewable energy (gross new jobs). The jobs are less identified at manufacturing phase of the facilities (as they are usually made abroad) and more in construction, operating and maintenance phases. Using the available data on installed capacities distribution and generated energy from renewable sources, we try to assess the spatial differences in potential gross jobs creation. The purpose of this analysis is to highlight the areas were innovation by promoting renewable energy, but also reconversion of disposable active population by education and training could represent an engine towards a resilient labour market, economic development and a clean environment
LES VILLES INTERSTITIELLES DE ROUMANIE : PRÉCIS MÉTHODOLOGIQUES
Get PDFLe système urbain roumain est relativement nouveau, formé par plusieurs «vagues» d'urbanisation, beaucoup de villes détenant le statut actuel (ville ou municipalité) depuis la période communiste, puis, après 1990 et 2000. Les critères permettant d’accorder le statut de ville ou de municipalité sont objectifs, mais la décision finale est politique donc souvent subjective ; il ya ainsi des «villes rurales» et les «villages urbains». En 2007, le réseau urbain roumain comptait 320 localités urbaines (villes et municipalités), parmi eux beaucoup de villes n’accomplissant pas les critères pour detenir le statut urbain ; on peut dénommer ces villes comme étant iinterstitielles ? Cet article se propose de montrer quelques voies pour arriver à une réponse.
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS EFFECT ON HYDROLOGICAL RESOURCES OF MEXICO’S CENTRAL REGION
Get PDFIn this paper, the aridity index included in Köppen’s Climatic Classification is used to estimate the amount of available water in humid basins and is applied to Mexico’s three most populated hydrological regions: the Lerma-Chapala-Santiago basin, the Balsas river basin and the Panuco river basin. An evaluation of their present and future hydrological conditions was made considering three climatic-change stages derived from three models in which it is assumed that CO2 content in the atmosphere will double between years 2025 and 2050. Results obtained for the three basins of study indicate that available surface water and its reserve will decrease in Mexico’s Central Region as a result of climatic change. Most significant is the vulnerability of the Lerma-Chapala-Santiago basin, which, at present, shows important hydrological problems that will definitively be aggravated by the postulated climate change