Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention
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Anticancer Evaluation of Plants from Indonesian Tropical Rain Forests
Get PDFThe anticancer activities of medicinal plants from Indonesia’s tropical rainforests were investigated against Hela cell line. Maytenfoliol from leaves of Calophyllumtetrapterum 3-epibetulinic acid from stem bark of C. tomentosum Wight and D.A-friedo-oleanan-3-on from stem bark of C. moonii showed anticancer activity. The compound 3-epibetulinic acid showed the more potent anticancer activity than maytenfoliol and D.A-friedo-oleanan-3- with thean IC50 value were 3.17 μg/mL, 4.89 μg/mL and 5.63 μg/mL, respectively.Keywords: Anticancer evaluation, Hela cell line, Calophyllumtetrapterum. C. tomentosum Wight and C. mooni
MCF-7 Resistant Doxorubicin are Characterized by Lamelapodia, Strong Adhesion on Substrate and P-gp Overexpression
Get PDFThe prognosis of breast cancer patients is closely associated with the response of tumor cells to chemotherapy agent. Doxorubicin is one of the primary chemotherapeutic agents used for the treatment of breast cancer. Resistance to chemotherapy is believed to cause treatment failure in cancer patients. Furthermore, long time exposure to chemotherapeutic agent induces cancer cells resistance. MCF-7 sensitive cells used as chemoresistance model have overexpression P-gp (P-glycoprotein). Chemoresistance was established by treating MCF-7 cells with 0.5 µg/ml doxorubicin-contained medium for a week. 50% inhibiting concentration (IC50) doxorubicin on MCF-7 cells/DOX were determined using MTT assay. Western blot assay and immunocytochemistry assay was performed to determine the expression of P-gp. Morphological of MCF-7 cell/DOX was changing to become larger and have lamellapodia. IC50 value of doxorubicin was 700 nM on MCF-7/DOX and 400 nM on sensitive MCF-7 cells. The MCF-7/DOX sensitivity to doxorubicin was decreased, shown by 1.5 fold higher IC50 of doxorubicin on MCF-7/DOX compared to MCF-7 sensitive cells. Treatment doxorubicin to sensitive MCF-7 cells leads to the increasing P-gp expression. The P-gp level expression has strong correlation with the low sensitivity of MCF-7/DOX to doxorubicin.Keywords: doxorubicin, resistance cells, sensitive MCF-7 cel
The Enhancement Quality of Squalene as a Marine Chemopreventive Agent and Vitamin A Level In The Shark Liver Oil at The Territorial Ocean of Cilacap
Get PDFRecently, shark liver oil is developed as mainstay product for the Cilacap fishermen proceed to be traditional supplemental foods and health product that contains squalene and Vitamin A. Squalen is one of marine natural products has demonstrated proliferative activity in animal cancer studies and may have some radioprotective effects. This observation is aimed to enhance and improve squalene acquirement quality organolepthically. This observation uses experimental observation design. Shark liver in the bottle will be proceed by the tool that specially designed to produce shark liver oil. Its result is analyzed quantitatively to gain the squalene and vitamin A level. The comparison of squalene level that has been produced in this observation is approximately from 141 to 191 higher than standard squalene product in the market. The vitamin A level in this observation is approximately 3,6 higher than shark liver oil product in the market without processing by the observation tool. The technology in the observation uses heating principle from perfect black tool that causes it more constantly hot and causes oil flow out from shark liver organ. The oil in the bowl of the tool was filtered by zeolit, so that the unpleasant or fishy smell of the oil will decrease if compared with traditional production process.Keywords : Squalene, vitamin A, Shark liver oil, Cilaca
Determination of The Active Asiaticoside Content in Centella asiatica as Anti-Cellulite Agent
Get PDFCentella asiatica accumulates large quantities of pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins, collectively known as centelloids. These terpenoids include asiaticoside, centelloside, madecassoside, brahmoside, brahminoside, thankuniside, sceffoleoside, centellose, asiatic-, brahmic-, centellic- and madecassic acids. Preparations of C. asiatica are used in traditional and alternative medicine due to the wide spectrum of pharmacological activities associated with these secondary metabolites, such as anticellulite agent. Asiaticoside was found in Centella asiatica. In this present study, the asiaticoside was extracted using methanolic and ethanolic solvent. Determination of the asiaticoside content in the extract was conducted with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR). Samples of C. asiatica used in this study came from three different plantation areas, Bogor, Lembang and Solo. Asiaticoside content in the methanolic extract from Bogor, Lembang, and Solo samples were 2.82%; 2.68%; and 2.8% respectively. Asiaticoside in ethanolic extract from Bogor, Lembang, and Solo samples were 2.79%; 2.75%; and 2.91% respectively. Two way ANOVA study showed that there was significant difference between types of solvent used in extraction and the asiaticoside content in the obtained extract, significant difference between varied plantation area and obtained asiaticoside content, and significant difference between interactions of different solvent with different plantation area. Keywords: Centella asiatica, asiaticoside, anticellulite, medicine, metabolites
Phytochemical Screening and Toxicological Evaluation Using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) of Some Fractions of Prasman Leaves (Eupatorium triplinerve V) Extract
Get PDFPrasman leaves (Eupatororium triplinerve V) was well documented to have anti cancer benefit in Indonesian traditional medicine history. However, there were no scientific studies including toxicological assessment on the plan extract. The purpose of this study was to investigate the toxicological effect of some fractions of Prasman leaves methanol extract. Phytochemical screening by the Farnsworth method on powder and some fraction of the methanol extract were conducted followed by toxicity test using the “Brine Shrimp Lethality” test (BSLT) method. In the current study results, the phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoid, saponin, coumarin, tannin, steroid and volatile oil. LC50 of the n-hexane fraction 238.66 µg/mL, ethyl acetate fraction 24.42 µg/mL, and n-butanol 64.10 µg/mL.Keywords : BSLT, Toxicity test, Eupatororium triplinerv
The Cytotoxic Activity of Solanum Nigrum Ethanolic Extract on Widr Human Colon Cancer Cells
Get PDFSolanum nigrum L. or Leunca in Indonesia has been traditionally used as a herbal plant, which is believed to have anti-tumor properties, although the mechanism for the activity remains unknown. The resecarch aim to examine the cytotoxic effect of the ethanolic extract of Solanum nigrum on WiDr human colon cancer cells. In this study, we prepared an ethanol extract from herb of Solanum nigrum and investigated the mechanism involved in its growth-inhibitory effect on WiDr human colon cancer cells. Herbs of Solanum nigrum dry powder is extracted with 70% ethanol then added into the WiDr cell culture in 96 wells plate in various concentration : 50, 100, 250, and 500 µg/ml. Cytotoxicity of the Solanum nigrum ethanolic extract was analyzed with MTT assay on WiDr human colon cancer cell lines. Results from the MTT assay showed WiDr cells was weakly suppressed in the presence of the extract. The result of the assay also showed a very close correlation between the Solanum nigrum extract concentration and the surviving cell numbers which means the extract caused cell death in a dose-dependent fashion in WiDr cancer cells with the IC50 of 359,23 µg/ml. Collectively, the research suggest further studies to explore other chemopreventive possibilites of Solanum nigrum ethanolic extract.Keywords : colon cancer, MTT assay, cytotoxic, WiDr, Solanum nigru
Effect of Various Concentration of Vegetable Protein in Hair Mask on The Hair Texture
Get PDFEffect of various concentrations of vegetable protein in hair mask on the hair texture including hair smoothness, hair shining, hair strength, and morphology of hair had been studied. Concentrations of vegetable protein are made 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. The hair mask was evaluated such as organoleptic, pH, viscosity, and allergy test. Hair mask used in six subjects that have damage hair for 8 times every 2 days. Then, the hair mask was evaluated such as hair smooth and hair shine that used tree trained panel and analyzed using non parametric method Q Cochran. Hair strength was evaluated using autograph then the results were analyzes using ANOVA test (p<0.05), while hair morphology was evaluated using scanning microscope electron (SEM). The experimental results showed that vegetable protein in hair mask increased hair smoothness, hair strength, and morphology of damaged hair but did not give effect for hair shining. Various concentrations of vegetable protein (5%, 7.5%, and 10%) on hair mask given the same effect in hair texture (hair smoothness, hair strength, and hair morphology).Keywords: vegetable protein, hair mask, hair textur
Antiproliferative Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Ciplukan Herbs (Physalis angulata L.) on 7,12-Dimethylbenz[A]Nthracene-Induced Rat Mammary Carcinogenesis
Get PDFPhysalis angulata L. is an annual herb widely used as popular medicine for the treatment of cancer. Physalis angulata L. ethanolic extract (PEE) has been demonstrated to have strong cytotoxic activity against breast cancer, inhibited cancer cell’s proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest. The aim of our study is to investigate the effect of PEE as a cancer chemopreventive agent on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]nthracene (DMBA)-induced rats mammary. The antiproliferative activity was characterized by monitoring the histopatology representation and expression of cell proliferation on DMBA-induced mammary rats that were treated with PEE against control groups. The histopatology representation were analyzed by Haematoksilin Eosin (HE) staining method, while proliferative activity was detected by AgNOR method. The HE staining results showed significant differences in cells morphology of treatment groups compared to the control groups. Thus results suggest that PEE was able to repair morphology of cells undergoing carcinogenesis. AgNOR method showed decreasing occurrence of black dots between treatment and control groups. Thus, we conclude that PEE has an antiproliferative activity on DMBA-induced rat mammary. Therefore, the ethanolic extract of Physalis angulata herbs is a potential chemopreventive agent on cancer. Further study on its molecular mechanism needs to be explored.Keywords: Physalis angulata, breast cancer, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]nthracene, carcinogenesis, antiproliferativ
Ficus septica Burm. F. Leaves Ethanolic Extract Induces Apoptosis in 7,12-Dimethylbenz[A]Nthracene-Induced Rat Liver Cancer Quatitavely
Get PDFThe chemopreventive effect of Ficus septica Burm. f. leaves ethanolic extract (FLEE) was studied in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]nthracene(DMBA)-induced rat liver cancer. Rats were divided into 5 group, 5 rats (5 wk of age Sprague Dawley rat) in each group. Group 1 was control diet group, administered with 0,5% CMC-Na as vehicle. FLEE was administered 750 mg/kgBW and 1500 mg/kgBW starting 4 wk until 5 wk after DMBA administration at the first until fifth wk to group 2 and group 3. Group 4 was control extract group, administered with 750 mg/kgBW and group 5 was DMBA group. DMBA is a carcinogen to induce liver cancer was also administered in DMBA control group and all animals were necropsied at 6 wk after DMBA administration. Activity of inducing apoptosis was detected using Double Staining method in 750 mg/kgBW FLEE group compared to control group but no in 1500 mg/kgBW FLEE group resulted in 100% dead. Apoptotic cells would have orange flourescence but normal cells would have green flourescence detected by flourescence microscope. To investigate the protein that involved in apoptotic mechanism, we studied p53 expression using Imunohistochemistry (IHC). There was no difference expression of p53 in both tested and control groups. Based on the results, FLEE has a potency as chemoprentive agent because its activity on inducing apoptosis in liver cancer with p53-independent pathway. The mechanism of apoptosis induction of this extract needs to be explored by observing the expression of related proteins.Keywords: apoptosis, Ficus septica, liver cancer, p53 independent pathwa
Taraxacum officinale Leaves Ethanolic Extract as Immunostimulatory Agent For Reducing Side Effect of Doxorubicin in Sprague Dawley Rats
Get PDFDoxorubicin as chemotherapeutic agent causes immunosuppresive. The aim for this study to determine the effect of ethanolic extract of Taraxacum oficinale (ETO) in immunity system of Sprague Dawley rat that induced by doxorubicin to observe the profile of immunity cells. Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups each groups contain five rats: control doxorubicin group, doxorubicin dose 4,67 mg/kgBW+ ETO dose 1000 mg/kgBW, doxorubicin dose 4,67 mg/kgBW+ ETO dose 500 mg/kgBW, control extract group, and without treatment. Then the number of leukocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils were analyzed by hematology analyzer, whereas CD8+ T lymphocytes by flowcytometry. Results showed groups of doxorubicin combined with ETO dose 1000 mg/kgBW and 500 mg/kgBW increased the number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, cytotoxic CD8 + T cells T cells compared to control doxorubicin group. These data presents that etanolic extract of Jombang leaves has immunostimulatory activity and potential as co-chemotherapy agents. Molecullar mechanism underlaying it’s immune activity need to be explored in detail.Keywords: co-chemotheraphy, doxorubicin, immunostimulatory, in vivo Taraxacum officinal