Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention
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Acetoxy Chavicol Acetate (ACA) Concentration and Cytotoxic Activity of Alpinia galanga Extract on HeLa, MCF7 and T47D Cancer Cell Lines
Get PDFDue to severe side effect and non-specific chemotherapeutic agent, screening and discovery for cancer therapy are still working, especially from natural resources. Traditionally, people used herbal medicine either to prevent or cure diseases. One of herbal that commonly used in Indonesia is Alpinia galangal. Previous study stated that active compound is acetoxy chavicol acetate (ACA) and active as anticancer. This research aimed to determine ACA concentration and cytotoxic activity of Alpinia galanga extract (AGE) from three local markets on HeLa, MCF7 and T47D cell lines. The galangal used from three local markets namely Pasar Legi Surakarta, Beringharjo Yogyakarta, and Wonogiri. The extraction was performed by maceration using 96% ethanol as solvent. ACA quantitation using UV spectrophotometer at λ = 208.5 nm. Samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction using an ethyl acetate. Cytotoxic activities were performed by MTT assay. The result showed that the concentration of ACA of AGE from the three local markets were 3.798; 0.035; and 0.009 % w/w, respectively. Cytotoxic activity, describes as IC50 value, on HeLa cell line of AGE from three local markets, in order were 13.26; 36.32 and > 100 µg/ mL. Meanwhile, AGE from Pasar Legi on MCF7 and T47D cell lines have IC50 value of 15.80; 12.50 µg/ mL, respectively. In contrast, two other samples have IC50 values of greater than 100 µg/ mL. The highest activity was from the highest concentration of ACA on the samples.Key words: Alpinia galanga, HeLa, T47D, MCF7 and Acetoxy chavicol acetat
Jamu as Alternative Therapy to Improve Quality of Life (QoL) of Benign Breast Tumor Patients at Rumah Riset Jamu “Hortus Medicus”
Get PDFWomen with benign breast tumors could experience decreased in quality of life (QoL) due to pain and fear over the disease. This study aimed to investigate the QoL outcome in benign breast tumor patients who receive alternative treatment with jamu. A total of 26 female patients who came to Rumah Riset Jamu (RRJ) "Hortus Medicus" Tawangmangu in the period of September-December 2013 with complaints of breast tumor and met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. They were given Jamu formula for breast tumor and drank its water infusion twice daily for 16 weeks. Short Form-36 (SF-36) scores was measure at baseline, middle and the end of study. SF-36 is a tool to assess the QoL that has been widely used in health research. The mean scores of SF-36 is elevated in middle and the end of study compare to baseline. There were significant differences between the mean scores before and after treatment (paired t test, p< 0,05). The results showed that Jamu had the potential to improve quality of life in patients with benign breast tumor.Keywords : benign breast tumor, Jamu, QoL, SF-3
SPF Test from Baccaurea lanceolata Muell.Arg Fruit Isolates
Get PDFNot many researches on a fruit of limpasu (Baccaurea lanceolata Muell. Arg ) were found, while the use by tribal hamlets in Kalimantan already became a daily routine before they went into the field with the way made powder and smeared on the face. Therefore, the research on active substances needs to be done. For this study, we prepared two isolates which coded as K2 and CE, K2 from qualitative test negative isolates phenolic groups was identified by spray FeCl3, whereas qualitative test positive isolates were coded as CE and detected by a nitrogen-containing reagents dragendorf spray. The K2 isolate from SPF test resulted an SPF value of 3.2 at a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml, while CE isolate was given a value of SPF 5.0 at a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml. According to sensitivity skin test on rabbit skin, both K2 and CE isolated were given the value below 1, indicated the isolates were found to not irritate. This study proposes the potential from Baccaurea lanceolata Muell.Arg fruit isolates to be developed as a sunscreen for UV-protection.Keywords : Baccaurea lanceolata Muell.Arg, SPF test, sensitivity skin tes
Total Phenolic Content of Ethanol Extract of Artrocarpus camansi Leave and its Effect to SOD (Superoxide Dismutase) Level in Mice
Get PDFA free radical is one of the triggers of degenerative diseases that become the biggest cause of death. Excessive production of free radicals can be neutralized by antioxidant. Antioxidants can be generated from within the body (intracellular). One of them by the enzyme SOD (superoxide dismutase). However, when the production of free radicals exceeds the ability of intracellular antioxidants to neutralize it, antioxidants from outside (extracellular) is necessary. The ethanol extract of Artocarpus camansi leaves (EEACL) contains phenolic compounds which has very strong antioxidant activity based on in vitro study using the DPPH method, but the in vivo study about the total phenolic content effect of its leaves toward antioxidant activity has not been done. 25 mice were divided into 5 groups consisting of control group, a group was induced by stress and three groups were induced by stress, but given EEACL with each dose of 50 mg/kg bw, 100 mg/kg bw and 150 mg/kg bw. Inducing stress in the form of psychological stress was carried out for 7 days and continued with the EEACL administration for 7 days. The mice were dissected and the livers were isolated, then the liver morphological was examined using Hematoxyllin Eosin (HE) staining method and SOD level was examined with immunohistochemical staining method. The data were analyzed with One Way ANOVA and Duncan test using SPSS program version 19.0. Total phenolic content of EEACL is 235.03 ± 4.306 mg GAE/ g of sample. The average SOD levels in the control group is 94.05 %, stressed group is 55.94 %, stress with EEACL dose 50 mg/kg bw group is 58.40 %, stress with EEACL dose 100 mg/kg bw group is 79.68 %, stress with EEACL dose 150 mg/kg bw group is 80.90 %. Based on statistical result, SOD level increased along with the increase of EEACL dose, but not significantly (p < 0,05). Total phenolic content of EEACL has an influence to SOD levels. SOD level increased along with the increase of EEACL administration dose. The higher dose of EEACL leading to higher levels of SOD in the mouse liver.Keywords : total phenolic content, superoxide dismutase, antioxidant, Artocarpus camans
Antigenotoxic Activity of Rumput Mutiara (Hedyotis corymbosa L.) Ethanolic Extract on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Mice
Get PDFExposure to relative chemicals has been shown to induce a genotoxic effect that can be observed through formation of micronucleus (MN) in polychromatic erythrocythes (PCE). Rumput Mutiara or Hedyotis corymbosa L. ethanolic extract (HcEE) is known to contain ursolic acid as major compound that possesses antigenotoxic activity on HepG2 cells. This study exerts in vivo approach aiming to evaluate the antigenotoxic effects of HcEE on cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced male Swiss mice. The ursolic acid on HcEE was determined by using thin layer chromatography with silica gel as stationary phase and chloroform-aceton (9:1) as mobile phase. The antigenotoxic activity was carried out by in vivo micronucleus test. Twenty four adult mice were equally divided into seven groups. Group I: control (untreated); group II: Na-CMC 0.5%; group III: CP 50 mg/kg BW; group IV: CP+HcEE 250 mg/kg BW; group V: CP+HcEE 500 mg/kg BW; group VI: CP+HcEE 1000 mg/kg BW; group VII: HcEE 1000 mg/kg BW. HcEE were given for seven days, while CP was administered on the last two days. On the seventh day, the peripheral blood from all mice were collected, smeared, and then stained with Giemsa. The frequencies of MNPCEs and %PCEs were evaluated. Molecular docking was performed to know the interaction between ursolic acid and CYP3A4 by using PLANTS software. There was similar hRF spot between HcEE with ursolic acid standard reference indicated that the extract almost positively contain ursolic acid. HcEE reduced MNPCEs significantly compared to CP group (p<0.05) and combination of CP with HcEE showed reduction of %PCEs (p<0.05). Based on molecular docking analysis, ursolic acid gave lower docking score than CP against CYP3A4 (PDB ID: 2V0M) and similar binding site on amino acid residues Ala 448, Ile 369, Thr 309, and Val 313. All of these data suggest that HcEE perform protective effect against CP-induced genotoxicity.Keywords: Antigenotoxic, Hedyotis corymbosa L., cyclophosphamide, micronucleus, molecular dockin
Reveal Cytotoxicity and Antigenotoxicity of Piper nigrum L. Ethanolic Extract and its Combination with Doxorubicin on CHO-K1 Cells
Get PDFBlack pepper (Piper nigrum L.), one of the most popular Indonesian spices has been reported to possess various therapeutic effects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cytotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of black pepper ethanolic extract (BPE) and its combination with doxorubicin (Dox) on CHO-K1 cells. Based on thin layer chromatographyanalysis, BPE contained piperine.Under MTT assay, BPE showed cytotoxic effect with the IC50 value of 68 μg/mL and performed synergism in combination with Dox. In vitro micronucleus test using Giemsa staining revealed that BPE did not cause morphological changes qualitatively on CHO-K1 cells at concentration of 8.5 μg/mL, whereas using flow cytometry analysis showed that BPE could decrease the number of micronucleus (MN) formation induced by doxorubicin. In addition, BPE reduced the ROS level on the CHO-K1 cells which observed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) intracellular assay. The decrease in ROS level indicated that the antioxidant activity of BPE contribute to the antigenotoxicity. Furthermore, molecular docking performed that piperine interacted with DNA Topoisomerase II with docking score of -80.68. Overall,BPE performed cytotoxic effect in single treatment, increased the cytotoxicity and reduced the genotoxicity of doxorubicin. Thus, BPE has potential to be developed further as co-chemotherapeutic and antigenotoxic agent.Keywords: Cytotoxic, genotoxic, Piper nigrum L., CHO-K1, micronucleu
The Gastroprotective Activity of Ethanol Extract of Curcuma domestica Val. on Mice Induced Ethanol - HCl
Get PDFCurcuma domestica Val. (CD) is one of plant used as traditional medicine in around the world. One of the benefit of CD is to treat peptic ulcers. The aim of preset study to prove that the ethanol extract of CD has gastroprotective activity. This study used 25 male mice were divided into 5 groups. Group I as a control group were given suspension of 0.5% Na-CMC, groups II, III, and IV were each given ethanol extract of CD suspense with 0.5% Na-CMC at a dose of 50 mg/kg; 100 mg/kg; 200 mg/kg respectively, and group V was given ranitidine 10 mg/kg. All groups were treated orally for 6 days, then fasted for 24 hours, on the seventh day all mice induced 3M HCl - ethanol 60% (1:1) 0.2 ml/25 gBW. One hour later, mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, then dissected and taken gastric. Then performed an ulcer scoring and the curative ratio is calculated later in the histopathologic test. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the Levene test and ANOVA followed by LSD test level of 95%. The results showed there was no significant difference between the control with dose 50 mg/kgBW (p>0.05) and showed significant difference between control with dose 100 mg/kgBW (p<0.05),dose of 200 mg/kgBW (p<0,05), and ranitidine 10 mg/kgBW (p<0.05). Curative ratio percentage dose of 100 mg/kgBW; 200 mg/kgBW, and ranitidine are 38.89%, 61.11% and 66.67 % respectively. The conclusion of this research, the ethanol extract of Curcuma domestica Val at the dose 100 mg/kgBW and 200 mg/kgBW showed have gastroprotective activity.Keywords: Gastroprotective, Curcuma domestica Val., ethanol-HCl, Gastric ulce
Molecular Therapeutic Potency of Metformin by Targeting p53-Related Molecules in Mutant p53 Colon Cancer Cell Line
Get PDFColon cancer is a malignancy in gastrointestinal tract. It causes high mortality rate in global cancer population. However, chemotherapy as its first option therapy is still controversial due to its effectiveness and its adverse effects. Finding supportive and alternative drugs to cure cancer is one of focus in cancer research. A drug which also has anticancer effects is metformin. Metformin is a biguanide antidiabetic which show its potential anticancer benefit in metabolic-related cancers including colon cancer. To investigate anticancer potency of metformin in targeting p53-related molecules. Metformin treatment were divided into 4 groups by 0, 5, 10 and 20 mM concentrations and incubated in 37o C and 5 % CO2 condition for 48 hours. Immunohistochemistry were conducted to asses level of expression of Bax, p21, cyclin D1 and E2F1, respectively. Level of expression were measured by H-SCORE using percentage and intensity calculation. Comparisons of H-SCORE between groups were performed by ANOVA for parametrical data and Kruskal-Wallis for non-parametrical data. Growth inhibition were observed after metformin treatment. Metformin increases Bax expression significantly at all concentrations. p21 expression was also increased after metformin treatment but is not statistically significant. Subsequently, metformin decreases cyclin D1 expression at 10 and 20 mM concentration thus decreased E2F1 expression at 5 and 10 mM concentration. These data suggest that metformin may have potential therapeutic effects in mutant p53 colon cancer cell line by targeting p53-related molecules.Keywords: Colon cancer; p53; Biguanide; Metformin; p53-mutant cell lin
Effect of Goat Milk Yogurt for Prevention Hypercholesterolamic in Animal Model Rat (Rattus norvegius) Based on the Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (INOS) and a description of Liver Histopathology
Get PDFThe pattern of high consumption of fat can lead to hypercholesterolemia were accompanied by increased levels of LDL which resulted in LDL oxidation, accompanied by an inflammatory reaction that can lead to liver tissue damage resulting in increased expression of inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (INOS) and changes in liver histopathology. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of goat milk yogurt supplementation on the expression of INOS and liver histopathology picture. This study used 20 male rats, Wistar strain aged 10-12 weeks, weighing 150-200g. Giving goat milk yogurt for 42 days with a dose of 300mg/kg, 600mg/kg, and 900mg/kg and giving dietary hypercholesterolemia by administering poached quail egg yolk, lard, and cholic acid by the stomach sonde for 14 days. Parameters measured were the expression of INOS and liver histopathology picture. The analysis used in this study is the One Way Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test 5%. The results showed that administration of goat milk yogurt as a precaution hypercholesterolemia at a dose of 300mg/kg, 600mg/kg and 900mg/kg give a highly significant effect (p <0.01) on the expression of INOS (p <0.01).The overall Result of each treatment were 0.47 ±0.03; 6.72 ± 0.11; 2.40 ±0.16;1.11 ±0.07and 0.66 ±0.19 Prevention with a dose of 900 mg/kg body weight is the most effective dose inhibits the expression of INOS. Prevention with a dose of 900 mg/kg showed that the histopathological picture of approaching normal circumstances. The conclusion of the study is the provision of goat milk yogurt as a preventive action with a dose of 900 mg/kg of the most effective to inhibit the expression of INOS and maintain normal liver histology in rats given diets hypercholesterolemia.Keywords: Hypercholesterolemia, Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (INOS), goat's milk yogurt, liver histopatholog
Estrogenic Effect Ethanol Extract Corn Silk (Stigma maydis) on Bone Density and Histology Femur Profiles in Ovariectomized Rats Female Sprague Dawley Strain
Get PDFOsteoporosis in menopause woman is caused by estrogen deficiency which plays an important role in bone formation. Corn silk (Stigma Maydis) contains stigmasterol, a phytosterol compound predicted to act as phytoestrogen. The aim of this research is to observe the activity of Corn Silk as the source of phytoestrogen by in vivo study in ovariectomized rats. Bone density analysis was examined by using x-ray. Meanwhile, histological profile of bone matrix was determined by HE-staining microscopic observation. Affinity of stigmasterol to ER (α,β) were evaluated by molecular docking. The results showed that treatment of EECS after ovariectomy has not been able to increase bone density compared to the control group OVX. Moreover, histological observation of bone matrix showed that EECS performed improvement effect compared to was observed in the administration of estradiol. Docking between stigmasterol and ER (α,β) gave the docking score which are almost the same as that seen in docking with estradiol. In summary, EECS produced positive effects on bone density in estrogens-deficient OVX rats by reducing bone resorption. Therefore, EECS may also prove to be helpful in preventing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women whose estrogen is insufficient.Keywords: osteoporosis, phytoestrogen, corn silk, stigmastero